[mlx90614] pec validation

[asergunov]

What does this implement/fix?

Part of #6683 without i2c recovery.

mlx90614 fix stuck values

• Uses POC (CRC) to make sure reading from sensor is correct
• Pots NAN if i2c communication failed or POC invalid to prevent stuck values
• Sets emissivity in update() if it's changed by set_emissivity call

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

Before:

After

sensor:
- platform: mlx90614
  id: furnace_temperature
  update_interval: 5s
  ambient:
    name: Ambient temperature
    id: furnace_ambient_temperature
  object:
    name: Furnace temperature
    id: furnace_object_temperature
    emissivity: 0.93

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.15%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (588bcf6).
Report is 521 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6689      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   54.15%   +0.44%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9574     +166     
  Branches     1654     1687      +33     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5185     +132     
- Misses       4056     4065       +9     
- Partials      299      324      +25     

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[probot-esphome]

Hey there @jesserockz, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (mlx90614) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[asergunov]

@jesserockz could you please take a look?