Conditionally set C++17 for latest pytorch versions

[RaulPPelaez]

Building for the latest Conda forge pytorch version (2.1.0) fails because C++17 is required. This PR sets C++17 in CMake for versions equal or larger than this.
Fixes this conda-forge build:
conda-forge/openmm-torch-feedstock#46

[peastman]

Looks good.

[jakirkham]

It looks like we are running out of space on the GHA worker

Could borrow this GHA logic to free up some space from the GHA images

[RaulPPelaez]

Looks like the trick to save space works!

[RaulPPelaez]

I cannot convince CMake to find CUDA 12, nor in the worker or locally. I have to trick caffe2 by setting its internal variables.
I tried setting CUDA_HOME and all its friends to no avail.

 -- Caffe2: Protobuf version 25.1.0
-- Could NOT find CUDA (missing: CUDA_INCLUDE_DIRS) (found version "12.0")
CMake Warning at /home/runner/miniconda3/envs/build/share/cmake/Caffe2/public/cuda.cmake:31 (message):
  Caffe2: CUDA cannot be found.  Depending on whether you are building Caffe2
  or a Caffe2 dependent library, the next warning / error will give you more
  info.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /home/runner/miniconda3/envs/build/share/cmake/Caffe2/Caffe2Config.cmake:87 (include)
  /home/runner/miniconda3/envs/build/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/share/cmake/Torch/TorchConfig.cmake:68 (find_package)
  CMakeLists.txt:15 (FIND_PACKAGE)


CMake Error at /home/runner/miniconda3/envs/build/share/cmake/Caffe2/Caffe2Config.cmake:91 (message):
  Your installed Caffe2 version uses CUDA but I cannot find the CUDA
  libraries.  Please set the proper CUDA prefixes and / or install CUDA.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /home/runner/miniconda3/envs/build/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/share/cmake/Torch/TorchConfig.cmake:68 (find_package)
  CMakeLists.txt:15 (FIND_PACKAGE)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

OSX is failing with some linker issues in OpenCL:

 3/5 Test #3: TestOpenCLTorchForceSingle .......Subprocess aborted***Exception:   2.22 sec
pocl warning: encountered incomplete implementation in /Users/runner/miniforge3/conda-bld/pocl-core_1707453645620/work/lib/CL/clGetDeviceInfo.c:98
WARNING: Using an unsupported OpenCL implementation.  Results may be incorrect.
ld: dynamic main executables must link with libSystem.dylib for architecture x86_64
error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Final linking of kernel determineNativeAccuracy failed.

    Start 4: TestOpenCLTorchForceMixed
4/5 Test #4: TestOpenCLTorchForceMixed ........Subprocess aborted***Exception:   1.68 sec
pocl warning: encountered incomplete implementation in /Users/runner/miniforge3/conda-bld/pocl-core_1707453645620/work/lib/CL/clGetDeviceInfo.c:98
WARNING: Using an unsupported OpenCL implementation.  Results may be incorrect.
ld: dynamic main executables must link with libSystem.dylib for architecture x86_64
error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Final linking of kernel determineNativeAccuracy failed.

    Start 5: TestOpenCLTorchForceDouble
5/5 Test #5: TestOpenCLTorchForceDouble .......Subprocess aborted***Exception:   4.68 sec
pocl warning: encountered incomplete implementation in /Users/runner/miniforge3/conda-bld/pocl-core_1707453645620/work/lib/CL/clGetDeviceInfo.c:98
WARNING: Using an unsupported OpenCL implementation.  Results may be incorrect.
ld: dynamic main executables must link with libSystem.dylib for architecture x86_64
error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Final linking of kernel clearThreeBuffers failed.