Set Golang version for specifing the correct toolchain

[razo7]

Why we need this PR

Using this specific toolchain we set the minimum requirement for Golang version.
"go command uses its own bundled toolchain when that toolchain is at least as new as the go or toolchain lines in the main module" - https://go.dev/doc/toolchain

Changes made

1. go.mod has a zero (0) patch version. 1.23 -> 1.23.0
2. Dockerfile was modified to fetch Golang version from go.mod which has major and minor versions. Similarly to how it behaved before

Which issue(s) this PR fixes

Test plan

[openshift-ci]

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[openshift-ci]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: razo7

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[slintes]

/lgtm

[razo7]

/retest

[razo7]

/retest

[razo7]

/cherry-pick release-0.9

[openshift-cherrypick-robot]

@razo7: once the present PR merges, I will cherry-pick it on top of release-0.9 in a new PR and assign it to you.

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-0.9

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[razo7]

/retest

[openshift-cherrypick-robot]

@razo7: new pull request created: #355

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-0.9

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes-sigs/prow repository.