[release/v1.8] Update Go to 1.22.10, /x/net to v0.33.0, and /x/crypto to v0.31.0

[xmudrii]

What this PR does / why we need it:

Manual cherry-pick of #3509 adjusted for Go 1.22.10

What type of PR is this?
/kind chore

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change? Then add your Release Note here:

KubeOne is now built with Go 1.22.10

Documentation:

NONE

/assign @kron4eg

[kron4eg]

/approve
/lgtm

[kubermatic-bot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: 977550407748981795b1f681b1d9378c0e18ad04

[kubermatic-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: kron4eg

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[xmudrii]

/retest

[xmudrii]

/test pull-kubeone-e2e-aws-default-stable-upgrade-containerd-external-from-v1.28.7-to-v1.29.2

[xmudrii]

Defunct test, overriding it
/override pull-kubeone-e2e-aws-default-install-containerd-external-v1.27.11

[kubermatic-bot]

@xmudrii: Overrode contexts on behalf of xmudrii: pull-kubeone-e2e-aws-default-install-containerd-external-v1.27.11

In response to this:

Defunct test, overriding it
/override pull-kubeone-e2e-aws-default-install-containerd-external-v1.27.11

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