I haven't looked at or updated this gem in years. I'm still leaving it up on GitHub just in case anyone wants it. But be warned: It's not current, and I can't guarantee it addresses every contemporary security problem with user-supplied URLs.
This gem provides a module called SanitizeUrl, which you can mix-in anywhere you like. It provides a single method: sanitize_url, which accepts a URL and returns one with JavaScript removed. It also prepends the http:// scheme if no valid scheme is found.
Why do you need this? Because attackers can sneak JavaScript into URLs, and some browsers may execute it. Say, for example, you have a web app that lets users post links. If you don't sanitize the URLs, you may have a cross-site-scripting vulnerability on your hands. More commonly, well-intentioned users will type URLs without prepending a protocol. If you render these URLs as-in your links, the browser will interpret them as links within your own site, e.g. http://your-site.com/www.site-they-linked-to.com.
Rails mitigates some of the danger by automatically URL-encoding in the link_to helper, but this does not solve every problem. For example, it doesn't remove plain old javascript:alert("xss"), and URLs with numeric character references come out broken. This gem fixes those and other problems.
require 'rubygems'
require 'sanitize-url'
include SanitizeUrl
sanitize_url('www.example.com')
This gem uses a whitelist approach, killing any schemes that aren't in the list. This should block javascript: and data: URLs, both of which can be used for XSS. The default list of allowed schemes is:
http://
https://
ftp://
ftps://
svn://
svn+ssh://
git://
mailto:
You can pass in your own whitelist like this:
sanitize_url('http://example.com', :schemes => ['http', 'https'])
If sanitize_url receives a URL with a forbidden scheme, it wipes out the entire URL and returns a blank string. You can override this behavior and have it return a string of your choosing like this:
sanitize_url('javascript:alert("XSS")', :replace_evil_with => 'my replacement')
# => 'my replacement'
See the spec/sanitize_url_spec.rb for some examples of the how this gem transforms URLs.
gem install sanitize-url
If that doesn't work, it's probably because the gem is hosted on Gemcutter, and your computer doesn't know about Gemcutter yet. To fix that:
gem install gemcutter
gem tumble
Since this is a security-related gem, you'll rack up mad karma by reporting a bug. If you find a way to sneak executable JavaScript (or any other form of evil) past the filter, please send me a message on GitHub:
http://github.com/inbox/new/jarrett
For most projects, I prefer that people use GitHub's issue tracker. But given the sensitive nature of security vulnerabilities, I prefer private messages for this one.
Copyright (c) 2010 Jarrett Colby. See LICENSE for details.