APDS9306 Ambient Light Sensor

[aodrenah]

What does this implement/fix?

Adds support for the APDS9306 ambient light sensor.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3826

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml
sensor:
  - platform: apds9306
    name: "APDS9306 Light Level" # below are optional
    gain: 1
    bit_width: 18
    measurement_rate: 100ms
    update_interval: 60s

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.