fix(query): refresh lambda types after planner rewrites

[youngsofun]

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Summary

• Fixes GROUP BY CUBE/ROLLUP over an ARRAY column with an array-lambda predicate in HAVING panics with UnwindError 1104 (BadDataValueType downcast failure) — both members of a logically-equivalent query pair fail #20381
• Re-infer cached lambda return types after planner rewrites change lambda arguments, including grouping-set, equivalent-constant, sort, decorrelation, eval-scalar, and view rewrites
• Use LambdaFunc::refresh_return_type as the shared source of truth for binder construction, optimizer rewrites, and debug type validation
• Preserve Null, EmptyArray, and EmptyMap through post-bind rewrites without introducing internal errors
• Prevent CUBE and ROLLUP queries over array grouping keys from constructing a non-nullable evaluator for nullable array values and panicking during downcast

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Validation:

• cargo test -p databend-common-sql --test it optimizer::type_consistency::test_optimizer_rewrites_keep_function_return_types_consistent
• cargo test -p databend-common-sql --test it semantic::type_check::lambda::test_type_check_lambda_functions
• cargo check -p databend-common-sql
• cargo clippy -p databend-common-sql --tests -- -D warnings
• cargo fmt --all --check
• git diff --check

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

AI assistance

• AI usage: An AI coding agent assisted with root-cause analysis, implementation, regression tests, validation, reviewer feedback, and the PR draft
• Responsible human: @youngsofun
• The responsible human has read every line of this diff and can explain each change

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