[dagster-dbt] - bump the dbt core upper bound (#26564)

## Summary & Motivation

Closes #26538

## How I Tested These Changes

I ran the tests in `dagster-dbt` on my local machine. Some tests failed
but that seems due to missing environment variables to test against
remote warehouses.

I'm not sure how to otherwise test this change best. Input would be
appreciated!

## Changelog

[dagster-dbt] `dbt-core>=1.9` is now supported

python_modules/libraries/dagster-dbt/dagster_dbt/dbt_core_version.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-DBT_CORE_VERSION_UPPER_BOUND = "1.9"
+DBT_CORE_VERSION_UPPER_BOUND = "1.10"