release-24.1: storage: fix setting of compression algorithm

[blathers-crl]

Backport 1/1 commits from #124388 on behalf of @nicktrav.

/cc @cockroachdb/release

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Fix an issue where the compression cluster setting is being set on a copy of the per-level configuration, rather than the configuration that is ultimately passed to Pebble.

Touches #123953.

Release note: None.

Epic: CRDB-37583

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Release justification: Fixes broken cluster setting.

[blathers-crl]

Thanks for opening a backport.

Please check the backport criteria before merging:

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[blathers-crl]

It looks like your PR touches production code but doesn't add or edit any test code. Did you consider adding tests to your PR?

_{🦉 Hoot! I am a Blathers, a bot for CockroachDB. My owner is dev-inf.}

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[jbowens]

yikes, thanks for fixing!

[jbowens]

@nicktrav should we get in this in soon?

[nicktrav]

TFTR!