A continually updated list of great educational programming resources.

Git

• Git Book - Complete Git manual.
• Git Ref - Git Reference Guide
• Github Guides - Fantastic set of guides from Github outlining some of the more essential Git and Github functionalities.
• Git Cheatsheet - Good cheatsheet for basic and advanced git functions.
• Try Git - similar to jsFiddle, this is an interactive site that lets you test-drive Git from a virtual terminal.
• Git User's Manual - Git User Manual (for versions 1.5.3 or newer)
• Github Youtube Channel - pretty frequent updates, solid material.
• The Simple Git Guide - Straightforward beginners guide for git.
• Git Tutorials and Guides - Git tutorials and guides from Atlassian.
• Using Git to manage a website - Good walkthrough for using the advanced functionalities of Git to manage a website.
• Git-FTP - Guide for syncing up git push to automatically ftp new files to remote server.
• Conceptualizing Git using D3 - Visualizes core Git concepts as you type them. GREAT tool, I wish I had found this when I was learning.
• Git Videos - Video tutorials for learning Git.
• The Fringes of Git - Podcast on the far reaches of Git functionality.
• Github Resources - Full list of Git training resources from Github.com.
• Version Control: Best Practices - Great blog article on the right way to use version control.
• Configuring a global .gitignore file - shows you how to set a global .gitignore file so that you don't have to worry about excluding things like .DS_Store from every project each time.

Git Enhancements

• Hub - Command-line wrapper for Github and an AWESOME tool. Allows you to browse issues, wikis, fork repos, and send pull requests, all from the command line.
• Git-Flow - A set of git extensions that were developed specifically to assist with the master/dev/feature git workflow we use. (also, a video)
• Git & Github Secrets - Exactly what the title says. Includes some really awesome shortcuts.
• Git-up - Fetches and rebases all locally-tracked branches. Great alternative to git pull -f.
• Git-imerge - Performs an incremental merge between branches.
• Git-sweep - Safely remove remote branches that have been merged into master.
• Git-jk - Utility that allows you to undo your most recent git command, or gives you instructions on how to undo it. (clever name! get it?)

Markdown

• Daring Fireball: Markdown - A syntax guide written by the creator of Markdown.
• MKDocs - static site generator based on Markdown.

Python & Django

• Python - Homepage for the Python programming language.
• Django Tutorial - Walkthrough for creating your first Django app.
• Python API - List of python wrappers for the most popular APIs on the web.
• Economic Marketplace - great econ experiment for simulating a real-world marketplace using Python.
• Python & Mapping - great guide for using python to make maps.
• Python for Big Data - Interesting guide for metaprogramming python for use in big data scenarios.
• SciPy Data Structures - Presentation on data structures in the popular SciPy package for Python.
• Getting Started with Django - Beginner's guide to the Django web framework.
• GIF maker - Creating GIFs from movies using Python.
• Python & Web Scraping - Guide for writing web scrapers in python.
• DateParser - Python parser for human readable dates.
• Django Best Practices - Incredibly useful guide for deploying Django apps.

Go

• The Go Programming Language - Homepage for the Go Programming Language
• Learn Go in Y Minutes - Good quickstart guide for learning Go
• Go by Example - Good examples of various uses of Go
• Function Calls in Go - An explanation of function calls in Go.
• Gocasts - Screencasts for quickly learning Go.
• Objects in Go - Walkthrough of object-oriented design in Go.
• Go Getter - Interesting article that does an in-depth performance comparison between C and Go.
• Go Testing Toolbox - Suite of resources for performing various tests in Go.
• Ginko and Gomega - BDD-style testing for Go.
• Go Proxy Servers - Guide for using Go to create a proxy server.

Javascript, JQuery, and JQuery Plugins

• JQuery Learning Center - Great guide for getting started with JQuery, and Javascript in general.
• jsFiddle - jsFiddle is a way to write, test, and share code snippets of Javascript.
• JQuery Plugin Library - List of Helpful JQuery plugins that can be used in Spotfire 6.
• Easing Functions - Helpful javascript library for visualizing easing functions.
• Rainyday.js - Useless, but fun! Pretty cool way to make your screen appear as though it is being rained on.
• 10 Handy Javascript libraries - Directory of 10 Javascript libraries.
• CreditCard.js - Simple library for creating easy-to-use credit card forms.
• Dynamic JS Libraries - Javascript libraries for dynamic websites.
• StickyJS - JQuery plugin for creating sticky elements that do not scroll with the page.
• JQuery & XMLs - Guide for using JQuery to retrieve data from XMLs.
• PNotify - A great js library for creating notifications. Designed specifically to work with Bootstrap and JQueryUI.
• cdnjs.com - A massive list of cdn sources for some of the most popular javascript and css libraries today.

Node, Backbone, Angular, Ember, Underscore, etc

• Node.js - Project homepage for Node.js
• Node.js for Beginners - An absolute beginner's guide to Node.js
• Node & Front-End Design - Good article on how Node affects front-end development and design.
• Nodecasts - Free screencasts for learning Node.
• Nodetuts - Videos for learning Node.
• AllTheNodes - Another site hosting screencasts for Node.
• Nodeschool.io - Web forum and community surrounding Node and all educational resources for learning Node.
• Backbone.js - Project homepage for Backbone.js
• Backbone Tutorials - Tutorials for learning Backbone.js
• Angular.js - Project homepage for Angular.js
• Egghead.io - Great set of instructional videos for learning Angular
• Ember.js - Project homepage for Ember.js
• Angular vs Backbone vs Ember - Interesting blog article comparing the frameworks and giving some advice on which one to choose for various projects.
• Underscore.js - Documentation page for Underscore.js

D3.js

• D3.js - Data-Driven Documents. Data Visualization framework written in javascript.
• D3 Gallery - Fantastic gallery of all the great visualizations you can create using D3.js
• DashingD3 - Great site filled with tutorials on how to use D3.
• Three Little Circles - D3 tutorial that uses 3 small circles as examples throughout.
• DimpleJS - An object-oriented API for business analytics using D3.js
• D3 Tutorials - Example-driven tutorials for D3
• Why D3? - Great blog article explaining what makes D3 so great for data visualization.

R (...and Julia!!!)

• Quick R - Companion website for the book "R in Action."
• Cookbook for R - Good general R code resource.
• RMySQL - Full installation and setup guide on how to use R with MySQL.
• Advanced R - In-progress book site for Advanced R.
• R-bloggers - R-bloggers site, great resource for staying up-to-date on R news.
• The Story of your Data in R - Great walkthrough that shows you not only how to configure a database connection between MySQL and R in Windows, but also shows you what you can do once you're done with it.
• Shiny - Complete web application framework for building interactive applications in R.
• SparkR - R front-end package for integration with Apache Spark (more on that later...).
• RMySQL Docs - Official documentation on the RMySQL package from the CRAN repository.
• Introduction to R - Video that explains the basics of R.
• R by Example - Name pretty much says it all on this one.
• R Survival Guide - One page survival guide to learning and using R.
• Julia-lang.org - Project homepage for the Julia programming language.
• Try Julia - Interactive beginners guide to Julia.

NOTE: The Julia programming language adopted its name from the a concept in fractal geometry called the Julia Set. You've likely seen Julia sets around in your every-day life but just didn't know it. Weirdly, it's a very common necktie and wallpaper design. Here is an example.