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WisBlock Sensor Solution for LoRaWAN

RAKWireless RAKstar Kit 1

Content

This is a new approach for WisBlock. It scans the I2C bus and Serial to detect which WisBlock modules are attached to the WisBlock base and creates an LoRaWAN payload in Cayenne LPP with the data of the found modules.

REMARK

This firmware is using the WisBlock API V2 ⤴️ which helps to create low power consumption application and taking the load to handle communications from your shoulder. WisBlock-API-V2 is a new version of the WisBlock API that has an AT command interface that is compatible with RAK's RUI3 AT command interface.

This code can be used without changes for

Kit/Solution Setup Guide
WisBlock Kit 1 ⤴️ Setup Kit 1
WisBlock Kit 2 ⤴️ Setup Kit 2
WisBlock Kit 3 ⤴️ Setup Kit 3
WisBlock Kit 4 ⤴️ Setup Kit 4
RAK Developer Kit ⤴️ Setup Dev Kit 2 Setup Dev Kit 3 Setup Dev Kit 4
Helium Mapper Kit ⤴️ Setup Helium Mapper
WisBlock GNSS Tracker for LoRaWAN ⤴️ Setup GNSS Tracker

Hardware supported

Module Function Used in Kit
RAK4631 ⤴️ WisBlock Core module -
RAK5005-O ⤴️ WisBlock Base board -
RAK19007 ⤴️ WisBlock Base board -
RAK19003 ⤴️ WisBlock Mini Base board -
RAK19001 ⤴️ WisBlock Fullsize Base board -
RAK1901 ⤴️ WisBlock Temperature and Humidty Sensor WisBlock Kit 1, RAK Developer Kit 2
RAK1902 ⤴️ WisBlock Barometer Pressure Sensor WisBlock Kit 1, RAK Developer Kit 2
RAK1903 ⤴️ WisBlock Ambient Light Sensor WisBlock Kit 1, RAK Developer Kit 2
RAK1904 ⤴️ WisBlock Acceleration Sensor (used for GNSS solutions) WisBlock Kit 2 & 3, WisBlock Tracker for LoRaWAN, RAK Developer Kit 3
RAK1905 ⤴️ WisBlock 9 DOF sensor -
RAK1906 ⤴️ WisBlock Environment Sensor WisBlock Kit 4, RAK Developer Kit 4
RAK1910 ⤴️ WisBlock GNSS Sensor WisBlock Kit 2 & 3, RAK Developer Kit 3
RAK1921 ⤴️ WisBlock OLED display (Status display)
RAK5814 ⤴️ WisBlock ACC608 encryption module -
RAK12002 ⤴️ WisBlock RTC module -
RAK12003 ⤴️ WisBlock FIR sensor -
RAK12004 ⤴️ WisBlock MQ2 Gas sensor -
RAK12008 ⤴️ WisBlock SCT31 CO2 Gas sensor -
RAK12009 ⤴️ WisBlock MQ3 Alcohol Gas sensor -
RAK12010 ⤴️ WisBlock Ambient Light sensor -
RAK12014 ⤴️ WisBlock Laser ToF sensor -
RAK12019 ⤴️ WisBlock UV Light sensor -
RAK12025 ⤴️ WisBlock Gyroscope sensor -
RAK12023/RAK12035 ⤴️ WisBlock Soil Moisture and Temperature sensor WisBlock Soil Sensor Solution
RAK12027 ⤴️ WisBlock Earthquake Sensor -
RAK12032 ⤴️ WisBlock Acceleration Sensor -
RAK12034 ⤴️ WisBlock 9 DOF sensor -
RAK12037 ⤴️ WisBlock CO2 sensor -
RAK12039 ⤴️ WisBlock Particle Matter sensor -
RAK12040 ⤴️ WisBlock AMG8833 temperature array sensor -
RAK12047 ⤴️ WisBlock VOC sensor -
RAK12052 ⤴️ WisBlock MLX90640 32x24 temperature array sensor -
RAK12500 ⤴️ WisBlock GNSS Sensor WisBlock Tracker for LoRaWAN
RAK14002 ⤴️ WisBlock 3 button touch pad -
RAK14003 ⤴️ WisBlock LED bar display -
RAK14008 ⤴️ WisBlock Gesture sensor -
RAK15000 ⤴️ WisBlock EEPROM module -
RAK15001 ⤴️ WisBlock Flash module -
RAK14008 ⤴️ WisBlock Gesture sensor -
RAK16000 ⤴️ WisBlock DC current sensor -

LIMITATIONS

  • The RAK1904 module MUST be installed in
    • Slot C of RAK5005-O, RAK19007 or RAK19001
    • Slot A of RAK19003
  • The RAK1905 module MUST be installed in
    • Slot C of RAK5005-O, RAK19007 or RAK19001
    • Slot A of RAK19003
  • RAK1910 and RAK12500 cannot be used together (both are GNSS location trackers)

Power consumption

The MCU and LoRa transceiver go into sleep mode between measurement cycles to save power. I could measure a sleep current of 40uA of the whole system for a solution that enables sleep. Some solutions, like GNSS trackers or the RAK12047 VOC sensor, that require longer wake times or more frequent wake-ups, have a higher power consumption.
In addition, sensors like the MQ gas sensors that are using a heating element will consume more power as well.

Software used

IDE

LoRaWAN and BLE communication

Sensor libraries

... to be updated, check platformio.ini for a list of all libraries used

REMARK

The project was developed using Platform IO. But for the users that still stick to Arduino IDE, an Arduino IDE compatible copy of the sources is in the ArduinoIDE folder. The code is not compiling on Arduino IDE atm.
The complete project for PIO is in the PlatformIO folder.

REMARK

When using PlatformIO, the libraries are all listed in the platformio.ini and are automatically installed when the project is compiled.
When using Arduino IDE all libraries need to be installed manually using the Arduino Library Manager.

How to use it

Compile the firmware and flash it on a WisBlock with all required modules installed.

Setup the LPWAN credentials with one of the options:

Over USB

Connect over USB to setup the LPWAN credentials. Use the DevEUI printed on the RAK4631, use the AppEUI and AppKey from your LPWAN server. Do NOT activate automatic join yet. As weather sensor levels are not changing very fast, it might be sufficient to set the send frequency to every 10 minutes. The send frequency is set in seconds, so the value would be 10 * 60 ==> 600

Example AT commands:

AT+NWM=1
AT+NJM=1
AT+BAND=10
AT+DEVEUI=1000000000000001
AT+APPEUI=AB00AB00AB00AB00
AT+APPKEY=AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00
AT+SENDINT=600
Command Explanation
AT+NWM=1 set the node into LoRaWAN mode
AT+NJM=1 set network join method to OTAA
AT+BAND=10 set LPWAN region (here AS923-3) see AT Command Manual ⤴️ for all regions
AT+DEVEUI=1000000000000001 set the device EUI, best to use the DevEUI that is printed on the label of your WisBlock Core module
AT+APPEUI=AB00AB00AB00AB00 set the application EUI, required on the LoRaWAN server
AT+APPKEY=AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00AB00 set the application Key, used to encrypt the data packet during network join
AT+SENDINT=600 set the interval the sensor node will send data packets. 600 == 10 x 60 seconds == 10minutes

REMARK

The manual for all AT commands can be found here: AT-Commands.md ⤴️. WisBlock API V2 does not support all RUI3 AT commands. You can check available AT commands with the command AT?

Over BLE

Use the WisBlock Toolbox ⤴️, connect over Bluetooth with the Soil Sensor and setup the credentials. Do NOT activate automatic join yet.

Packet data format

The packet data is made compatible with the extended Cayenne LPP encoding from ElectronicCats/CayenneLPP ⤴️.
The content of the packet depends on the modules installed on the WisBlock Base Board:

Data Channel # Channel ID Length Comment Required Module Decoded Field Name
Battery value 1 116 2 bytes 0.01 V Unsigned MSB RAK4631 voltage_1
Humidity 2 104 1 byte in %RH RAK1901 humidity_2
Temperature 3 103 2 bytes in °C RAK1901 temperature_3
Barometric Pressure 4 115 2 bytes in hPa (mBar) RAK1902 barometer_4
Illuminance 5 101 2 bytes 1 lux unsigned RAK1903 illuminance_5
Humidity 2 6 104 1 byte in %RH RAK1906 humidity_6
Temperature 2 7 103 2 bytes in °C RAK1906 temperature_7
Barometric Pressure 2 8 115 2 bytes in hPa (mBar) RAK1906 barometer_8
Gas Resistance 2 9 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed (kOhm) RAK1906 analog_9
GNSS stand. resolution 10 136 9 bytes 3 byte lon/lat 0.0001 °, 3 bytes alt 0.01 meter RAK1910, RAK12500 gps_10
GNSS enhanced resolution 10 137 11 bytes 4 byte lon/lat 0.000001 °, 3 bytes alt 0.01 meter RAK1910, RAK12500 gps_10
Soil Temperature 11 103 2 bytes in °C RAK12023/RAK12035 temperature_11
Soil Humidity 12 104 1 byte in %RH RAK12023/RAK12035 humidity_12
Soil Humidity Raw 13 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK12023/RAK12035 analog_in_13
Soil Data Valid 14 102 1 byte bool RAK12023/RAK12035 presence_14
Illuminance 2 15 101 2 bytes 1 lux unsigned RAK12010 illuminance_15
VOC 16 138 2 bytes VOC index RAK12047 voc_16
MQ2 Gas 17 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK12004 analog_in_17
MQ2 Gas Percentage 18 120 1 byte 1-100% unsigned RAK12004 percentage_18
MG812 Gas 19 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK12008 analog_in_19
MG812 Gas Percentage 20 120 1 byte 1-100% unsigned RAK12008 percentage_20
MQ3 Alcohol Gas 21 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK12009 analog_in_21
MQ3 Alcohol Gas Perc. 22 120 1 byte 1-100% unsigned RAK12009 percentage_22
ToF distance 23 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK12014 analog_in_23
ToF Data Valid 24 102 1 byte bool RAK12014 presence_24
Gyro triggered 25 134 6 bytes 2 bytes per axis, 0.01 °/s RAK12025 gyrometer_25
Gesture detected 26 0 1 byte 1 byte with id of gesture RAK14008 digital_in_26
LTR390 UVI value 27 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK12019 analog_in_27
LTR390 UVS value 28 101 2 bytes 1 lux unsigned RAK12019 illuminance_28
INA219 Current 29 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK16000 analog_29
INA219 Voltage 30 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK16000 analog_30
INA219 Power 31 2 2 bytes 0.01 signed RAK16000 analog_31
Touchpad left 32 102 1 byte bool RAK14002 presence_32
Touchpad middle 33 102 1 byte bool RAK14002 presence_33
Touchpad right 34 102 1 byte bool RAK14002 presence_34
SCD30 CO2 concentration 35 125 2 bytes 1 ppm unsigned RAK12037 concentration_35
SCD30 temperature 36 103 2 bytes in °C RAK12037 temperature_36
SCD30 humidity 37 104 1 byte in %RH RAK12037 humidity_37
MLX90632 sensor temp 38 103 2 bytes in °C RAK12003 temperature_38
MLX90632 object temp 39 103 2 bytes in °C RAK12003 temperature_39
PM 1.0 value 40 103 2 bytes in ug/m3 RAK12003 voc_40
PM 2.5 value 41 103 2 bytes in ug/m3 RAK12003 voc_41
PM 10 value 42 103 2 bytes in ug/m3 RAK12003 voc_42
Earthquake event 43 102 1 byte bool RAK12027 presence_43
Earthquake SI value 44 2 2 bytes analog 10 * m/s RAK12027 analog_44
Earthquake PGA value 45 2 2 bytes analog 10 * m/s2 RAK12027 analog_45
Earthquake SHUTOFF alert 46 102 1 byte bool RAK12027 presence_46
LPP_CHANNEL_EQ_COLLAPSE 47 102 1 byte bool RAK12027 presence_47
Switch Status 48 102 1 byte bool RAK13011 presence_48
SensorHub Wind Speed 49 190 2 byte 0.01 m/s SensorHub RK900-09 wind_speed_49
SensorHub Wind Direction 50 191 2 byte 1º SensorHub RK900-09 wind_direction_50
Audio level 49

REMARK

Channel ID's in cursive are extended format and not supported by standard Cayenne LPP data decoders.

Example decoders for TTN, Chirpstack, Helium and Datacake can be found in the folder RAKwireless_Standardized_Payload repo ⤴️

Compiled output

The compiled files are located in the ./Generated folder. Each successful compiled version is named as
WisBlock_SENS_Vx.y.z_YYYY.MM.dd.hh.mm.ss
x.y.z is the version number. The version number is setup in the ./platformio.ini file.
YYYY.MM.dd.hh.mm.ss is the timestamp of the compilation.

The generated .zip file can be used as well to update the device over BLE using either WisBlock Toolbox ⤴️ or Nordic nRF Toolbox ⤴️ or nRF Connect ⤴️

When using PlatformIO in addition a UF2 file for the RAK4631 is generated. You can force the RAK4631 into bootloader mode by double-pushing the reset button. A new USB drive will be installed. Pull the UF2 file into the new drive to flash the device.

Debug options

Debug output can be controlled by defines in the platformio.ini
LIB_DEBUG controls debug output of the SX126x-Arduino LoRaWAN library

  • 0 -> No debug outpuy
  • 1 -> Library debug output (not recommended, can have influence on timing)

API_DEBUG controls debug output of the WisBlock-API library

  • 0 -> No debug outpuy
  • 1 -> Library debug output

MY_DEBUG controls debug output of the application itself

  • 0 -> No debug outpuy
  • 1 -> Application debug output

CFG_DEBUG controls the debug output of the nRF52 BSP. It is recommended to keep it off

Example for no debug output and maximum power savings:

[env:wiscore_rak4631]
platform = nordicnrf52
board = wiscore_rak4631
framework = arduino
build_flags = 
	; -DCFG_DEBUG=2
	-DSW_VERSION_1=1 ; major version increase on API change / not backwards compatible
	-DSW_VERSION_2=0 ; minor version increase on API change / backward compatible
	-DSW_VERSION_3=0 ; patch version increase on bugfix, no affect on API
	-DLIB_DEBUG=0    ; 0 Disable LoRaWAN debug output
	-DAPI_DEBUG=0    ; 0 Disable WisBlock API debug output
	-DMY_DEBUG=0     ; 0 Disable application debug output
	-DNO_BLE_LED=1   ; 1 Disable blue LED as BLE notificator
lib_deps = 
	beegee-tokyo/SX126x-Arduino
	beegee-tokyo/WisBlock-API-V2
	sparkfun/SparkFun SHTC3 Humidity and Temperature Sensor Library
	adafruit/Adafruit LPS2X
	closedcube/ClosedCube OPT3001
	sabas1080/CayenneLPP
extra_scripts = pre:rename.py

Setup Weather

This guide can be used for WisBlock Kit 1 and RAK Developer Kit 2

Used Hardware

  • WisBlock Core RAK4631
  • WisBlock Base RAK5005-O, RAK19007 or RAK19001
  • RAK1901
  • RAK1902
  • RAK1903

Installing the modules

Install the modules in any matching slot, following the Quick Start Guides in the RAKwireless Documentation Center

Firmware setup

Setup the device using the AT command interface or the BLE application

Setup GNSS

This guide can be used for WisBlock Kit 2, WisBlock Kit 3, WisBlock GNSS Tracker for LoRaWAN and RAK Developer Kit 3

Used Hardware

  • WisBlock Core RAK4631
  • WisBlock Base RAK5005-O, RAK19007, RAK19003 or RAK19001
  • RAK1910 or RAK12500
  • RAK1904
  • RAK1906

Installing the modules

The RAK1904 module MUST be installed in
Slot C of RAK5005-O, RAK19007, RAK19003 or RAK19001

If using the RAK1910, it MUST be installed in
Slot A of RAK5005-O
any matching slot of RAK19007 or RAK19001

If using the RAK12500, it can be installed in any matching slot of the Base Boards.

The RAK1906 can be installed in any matching slot of the Base Board.

For installation guides, following the Quick Start Guides in the RAKwireless Documentation Center

Firmware setup

Setup the device using the AT command interface or the BLE application

RAK11700 GNSS Tracker for LoRaWAN is the default start mode for this setup.
If building the Helium Mapper Kit, the mode MUST be changed with the below AT command:

The solution can be set to 3 different working modes using the AT command AT+GNSS:

Command Input Parameter Return Value Return Code
AT+GNSS? - Get/Set the GNSS precision and format 0 = 4 digit, 1 = 6 digit, 2 = Helium Mapper OK
AT+GNSS=? - 0 or 1 or 2 OK
AT+GNSS=<Input Parameter> 1 or 2 or 3 - OK or AT_PARAM_ERROR

Using standard Cayenne LPP location resolution

The Cayenne LPP standard format uses only 4 digit for the location precision. This default location format is automatically supported by most LoRaWAN servers and Visualization platforms like MyDevices.
It is the default and is set with the AT command AT+GNSS=0.

Using improved location resolution

Setting this option, the data is still sent in Cayenne LPP format, but uses a custom data identifier and 6 digits for a higher latitude and longitude resolution. To decode this format a custom data encoder is required. Data encoders for TTN, Chirpstack and Datacake can be found in the Custom Data Decoder folder.
The enhanced location resolution is set with the AT command AT+GNSS=1.

Using the Helium Mapper data format.

This option sends the data in the Helium Mapper format, as explained in Make a Helium Mapper with the WisBlock.
Packet decoders for this format are provided in the above article.
The Helium Mapper functionality is set with the AT command AT+GNSS=2.

Setup Air Quality

This guide can be used for WisBlock Kit 4 and RAK Developer Kit 4

Used Hardware

  • WisBlock Core RAK4631
  • WisBlock Base RAK5005-O, RAK19007, RAK19003 or RAK19001
  • RAK1906

Installing the modules

Install the modules in any matching slot, following the Quick Start Guides in the RAKwireless Documentation Center

Firmware setup

Setup the device using the AT command interface or the BLE application

About

Firmware for RAKwireless WisBlock RAK4631 Core module.

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arduino sensor platformio lora lorawan rakwireless wisblock wisblock-sensors

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