Create Complex Numbers Utils

[rozi26]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

Overview

This contribution introduces algorithms for performing arithmetic and trigonometric operations on complex numbers.

Key Features of the Code

• Basic Arithmetic Operations: Includes methods to add, subtract, multiply, divide, power, and to use logarithm on complex numbers.
• Trigonometric Functions : Encompasses a full set of trigonometric operations adapted for complex numbers, such as sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, arcsine, arccosine, arctangent, and arccotangent.
• Exception Handling : Incorporates error handling to manage undefined operations, such as division by zero or logarithm of zero.
• Comprehensive Test Suite: Accompanied by a detailed test suite which verifies the functionality and accuracy of all operations.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.56604% with 5 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 37.52%. Comparing base (ede3e46) to head (799ba61).

Files	Patch %	Lines
...ava/com/thealgorithms/maths/ComplexNumberUtil.java	90.56%	1 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5128      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     37.36%   37.52%   +0.15%     
- Complexity     2350     2374      +24     
============================================
  Files           517      518       +1     
  Lines         15618    15671      +53     
  Branches       2971     2976       +5     
============================================
+ Hits           5836     5880      +44     
- Misses         9495     9498       +3     
- Partials        287      293       +6     

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[vil02]

Why did you decide to make it a static method? In the standard implementation of Complex add is an object method.

[rozi26]

I decided to make it a static method for a few reasons:

Uniformity in Code: The file MatrixUtil.java, which is similar to this, uses static methods for the operations.
Ease of Expansion: Creating independent static methods makes it easier to add more advanced operations for complex numbers than integrating additional code into the ComplexNumber class itself.
Clarity: I find it easier to conceptualize operations as direct interactions between two entities, A and B (i.e., how do you add them), rather than how one adds B to A.

These are my reasons, but if you believe it should be an instance method, I would be happy to make that change.

[vil02]

Making them static you loose all of the object oriented magic. The whole thing could be then simpler, because the ComplexNumberUtil would not be needed. Furthermore, you have marked both of the fields REAL and IMAGINARY as final, so it is pretty clear that the add method will not change them.

[vil02]

Please add the missing tests.

[vil02]

Checking the defined functions just on single inputs might not be enough. Please express the important tests as parametrized tests. Start first with add.

Furthermore I would still highly recommend to reach the legendary 100% coverage here.

[vil02]

There is some build error.

Also please update your branch.