Reconcile dependencies with colab and add dockerfile

[bergsalex]

This PR more specifically defines project dependencies in the pyproject.toml so as to be better aligned with the Google Colab docker image.

It also adds a dockerfile which can build and install the package on top of the Google Colab docker image.

[SkepticRaven]

Do we want to place the Dockerfile inside the vm folder?
Changing this we'd also need to be careful about how local files are pathed (e.g. pip commands that point to local files).

[bergsalex]

Do we want to place the Dockerfile inside the vm folder? Changing this we'd also need to be careful about how local files are pathed (e.g. pip commands that point to local files).

I thought about it and decided to place it at root. This makes the definition (local file paths) more intuitive, and makes it easy to build the container since the docker command assumes the file is at the root of the build context.

e.g.

docker build . 

Instead of

docker build -f vm/Dockerfile .

or

cd vm
docker build -f Dockerfile ..

Happy to switch it back if you'd prefer to keep the image definitions consistently in vm.