Spotted is an innovative AVS (Actively Validated Service) built on EigenLayer that revolutionizes cross-chain state verification. By leveraging EigenLayer's security infrastructure and implementing novel optimization techniques, it provides a cost-saving, efficient, and decentralized solution for state verification across blockchain networks.
- Pure cryptographic approach without relying on message passing
- Eliminates expensive cross-chain message fees (up to 85% cost reduction vs LayerZero/CCIP)
- Optimistic verification with challenge-based security
- Decentralized verification through operator quorums
| Feature | Traditional Bridge (e.g. LayerZero/CCIP) | Spotted's Cryptographic Proof |
|---|---|---|
| Verification Method | Message Passing | Signature-based Verification |
| Gas Cost | 300,000 - 400,000 + extra fee (e.g. network fee) | 50,000 - 140,000 (based on operators number) + $0 extra fee |
| Latency | Minutes (depending on chain's block confirmation number) | Instant |
| Security Asset Pool | Isolated staking pool | Possibly leverages entire EigenLayer ecosystem stake ($10+ billion) |
- Intelligent off-chain task generation with dynamic operator assignment
- Parallel processing architecture for minimal latency
- Advanced batching strategies for gas optimization
- Real-time operator coordination and load balancing
- Optimized ECDSA signature scheme implementation
- Up to 70% gas savings compared to traditional BLS solutions
- Universal proof verification across any EVM chain:
struct StateProof {
uint32 chainId; // Target chain identifier
address user; // State owner address
uint256 key; // State identifier
uint256 value; // State value
uint64 blockNumber; // Block height
uint48 timestamp; // Block timestamp
uint32 epochNumber; // Epoch number
}- Multi-chain stake registry deployment
- EIP1271-compliant signature verification system
- Reliable challenge-response dispute resolution
- Seamless bridge protocol integration
- Real-time state synchronization
- Minimal gas overhead through optimized proof generation and validation
- Fast-path optimistic verification with strong fallback guarantees
- Multi-layered security through EigenLayer's economic mechanisms
- Horizontal scalability across multiple chains
- Service Management Hub
AVS (SpottedServiceManager)
├── ECDSAServiceManagerBase
└── AVSDirectory （EigenLayer's core contract）
- Registry Infrastructure
Registry System
├── ECDSAStakeRegistry (Operator & Stake Management)
│ ├── Operator Registration
│ ├── Weight Management
│ └── ECDSA Signature Verification
├── LightStakeRegistry (Cross-chain State Sync)
│ ├── Operator State Updates
│ └── Signature Validation
└── EpochManager (Epoch & State Management)
├── Epoch Transitions
├── Grace Periods
└── State Synchronization
- State Management System
State System
├── StateManager (State History)
│ ├── Value Storage
│ ├── History Tracking
│ └── Binary Search
└── StateDisputeResolver (Dispute Handling)
├── Challenge Submission
├── Verification
└── Slashing
- Cross-Chain Verification
Verification System
├── MainChainVerifier (Mainnet)
│ ├── State Reception
│ ├── Verifier Management
│ └── State Storage
├── RemoteChainVerifier (Support Chains)
│ ├── State Verification
│ ├── Result Transmission
│ └── Fee Management
└── Abridge (Message Layer)
├── Message Routing
├── Fee Handling
└── State Sync
- Registry State Sync
State Sync System
├── RegistryStateSender (Mainnet)
│ ├── State Updates
│ └── Bridge Integration
└── RegistryStateReceiver (Support Chains)
├── State Reception
└── Registry Updates
- EigenLayer Integration
- Leverages restaking for enhanced economic security
- Sophisticated slashing mechanisms
- Dynamic stake requirements
- Challenge Mechanism
- Real-time state verification
- Economic incentives for challengers
- Automated slashing execution
- Staker: delegate/undelegate through EigenLayer core contracts
- Operator: register/unregister through RegistryCoordinator
- Task Generator: generate tasks off chain directly to operators
- Bridge Abstraction Layer: send/receive messages using Abridge, useful for state verification and operator state synchronization
- Bridge Verifier: verify state proofs (only when challenged) from bridge protocols
Workflows are defined in the Workflows.md file.
StateManager is responsible for managing state transitions and history for users. Users can set arbitrary key-value pairs states in the contract with comprehensive history tracking and querying capabilities. Then, the state can be queried to generate proof by AVS.
ECDSAServiceManagerBase is an abstract base contract that provides core infrastructure provided by EigenLayer for the AVS. It manages operator registration, stake tracking, and rewards distribution for ECDSA-based services.
SpottedServiceManager is an Active Validator Set (AVS) service manager that enables cross-chain state verification through a quorum of operators. It inherits from ECDSAServiceManagerBase and implements additional functionality for state verification and dispute resolution.
ECDSAStakeRegistry manages operator registration, stake weights, and ECDSA signature verification for AVS. It maintains historical records of operator weights and signing keys while enforcing quorum rules for signature validation. It uses EpochCheckpointsUpgradeable to store historical records separately for each epoch.
LightStakeRegistry is a lightweight cross-chain state synchronization contract that receives and processes state updates from the main chain's EpochManager. It primarily serves to validate operator signatures on sidechains by maintaining operator states (weights, signing keys, etc.) for each epoch.
EpochManager manages epoch transitions and state updates for the AVS system. It handles epoch advancement, grace periods, and state synchronization across chains.
RegistryStateSender manages cross-chain state synchronization for the stake registry. It handles sending state updates to other chains through bridges, enabling multi-chain operator set management.
RegistryStateReceiver is responsible for receiving and processing operator state updates from the mainnet through Abridge. It maintains the synchronized operator state by forwarding updates to the LightStakeRegistry on the destination chain.
StateDisputeResolver is responsible for handling challenges against operator state claims in the Spotted AVS. Built on EigenLayer's middleware, it enables secure dispute resolution through a challenge-response mechanism backed by EigenLayer's economic stake-slashing system.
RemoteChainVerifier is responsible for verifying states on remote chains and sending results back to the main chain verifier through Abridge. It handles state verification requests and manages bridge fee payments.
MainChainVerifier is responsible for receiving and storing state verification results from remote chains through Abridge. It maintains a record of verified states and manages remote verifier authorizations.