Fix crashes due to uncaught exceptions in ~FinalStateStorer (#2647)

Due to LLNL/sundials#82, we can get exceptions from `CVodeSolver::getSens`, escaping `FinalStateStorer::~FinalStateStorer`, that will result in crashes. This is fixed here.

The issue is semi-producible with [Boehm_JProteomeRes2014](https://github.com/Benchmarking-Initiative/Benchmark-Models-PEtab/tree/15b4f78aff1121870537ad3e1a6b902cb8f73930/Benchmark-Models/Boehm_JProteomeRes2014) with forward sensitivities:

Program output:

```
2025-02-17 14:44:33.988 - amici.swig_wrappers - DEBUG - [model1_data1][cvodes:CVode:WARNING] python/sdist/amici/ThirdParty/sundials/src/cvodes/cvodes.c:3482: Internal t = 0 and h = 0 are such that t + h = t on the next step. The solver will continue anyway. (99)
2025-02-17 14:44:33.988 - amici.swig_wrappers - DEBUG - [model1_data1][cvodes:CVodeGetDky:BAD_T] python/sdist/amici/ThirdParty/sundials/src/cvodes/cvodes.c:3783: Illegal value for t.t = 2.5 is not between tcur - hu = 0 and tcur = 0. (-25)
2025-02-17 14:44:33.988 - amici.swig_wrappers - DEBUG - [model1_data1][cvodes:CVodeGetDky:BAD_T] python/sdist/amici/ThirdParty/sundials/src/cvodes/cvodes.c:3783: Illegal value for t.t = 5 is not between tcur - hu = 0 and tcur = 0. (-25)
2025-02-17 14:44:33.988 - amici.swig_wrappers - DEBUG - [model1_data1][cvodes:CVode:ILL_INPUT] python/sdist/amici/ThirdParty/sundials/src/cvodes/cvodes.c:3328: Trouble interpolating at tout = 5. tout too far back in direction of integration (-22)
2025-02-17 14:44:33.988 - amici.swig_wrappers - ERROR - [model1_data1][FORWARD_FAILURE] AMICI forward simulation failed at t = 5: AMICI failed to integrate the forward problem
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'amici::CvodeException'
  what():  CVODE routine CVodeGetSens failed with error code -25.

Thread 1 "python" received signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
```

Stack trace:

```
#10 0x00007ffff70811f1 in _Unwind_RaiseException (exc=0x6d5ff10) at ../../../src/libgcc/unwind.inc:136
#11 0x00007ffff48bb384 in __cxxabiv1::__cxa_throw (obj=<optimized out>, tinfo=0x7fff5c6d6aa8 <typeinfo for amici::CvodeException>, dest=0x7fff5c5476c4 <amici::CvodeException::~CvodeException()>)
    at ../../../../src/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_throw.cc:93
#12 0x00007fff5c5bdb64 in amici::CVodeSolver::getSens (this=0x6d130d0) at python/sdist/amici/src/solver_cvodes.cpp:663
#13 0x00007fffbc5709e8 in amici::Solver::getStateSensitivity (this=0x6d130d0, t=2.5) at python/sdist/amici/src/solver.cpp:1340
#14 0x00007fffbc570750 in amici::Solver::writeSolution (this=0x6d130d0, t=0x6d26db0, x=..., dx=..., sx=..., xQ=...) at python/sdist/amici/src/solver.cpp:1303
#15 0x00007fffbc5d376d in amici::ForwardProblem::getSimulationState (this=0x6d26c90) at python/sdist/amici/src/forwardproblem.cpp:421
#16 0x00007fffbc5d45df in amici::FinalStateStorer::~FinalStateStorer (this=0x7fffffffb308, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at include/amici/forwardproblem.h:450
#17 0x00007fffbc5d2285 in amici::ForwardProblem::workForwardProblem (this=0x6d26c90) at python/sdist/amici/src/forwardproblem.cpp:203
#18 0x00007fffbc54fbf9 in amici::runAmiciSimulation (solver=..., edata=0x5078010, model=..., rethrow=false) at python/sdist/amici/src/amici.cpp:108
```

include/amici/forwardproblem.h

@@ -441,19 +441,37 @@ class FinalStateStorer : public ContextManager {
     /**
      * @brief destructor, stores simulation state
      */
-    ~FinalStateStorer() {
+    ~FinalStateStorer() noexcept(false) {
         if (fwd_) {
-            fwd_->final_state_ = fwd_->getSimulationState();
-            // if there is an associated output timepoint, also store it in
-            // timepoint_states if it's not present there.
-            // this may happen if there is an error just at
-            // (or indistinguishably before) an output timepoint
-            auto final_time = fwd_->getFinalTime();
-            auto const timepoints = fwd_->model->getTimepoints();
-            if (!fwd_->timepoint_states_.count(final_time)
-                && std::find(timepoints.cbegin(), timepoints.cend(), final_time)
-                       != timepoints.cend()) {
-                fwd_->timepoint_states_[final_time] = fwd_->final_state_;
+            try {
+                // This may throw in `CVodeSolver::getSens`
+                // due to https://github.com/LLNL/sundials/issues/82.
+                // Therefore, this dtor must be `noexcept(false)` to avoid
+                // programm termination.
+                fwd_->final_state_ = fwd_->getSimulationState();
+                // if there is an associated output timepoint, also store it in
+                // timepoint_states if it's not present there.
+                // this may happen if there is an error just at
+                // (or indistinguishably before) an output timepoint
+                auto final_time = fwd_->getFinalTime();
+                auto const timepoints = fwd_->model->getTimepoints();
+                if (!fwd_->timepoint_states_.count(final_time)
+                    && std::find(timepoints.cbegin(), timepoints.cend(), final_time)
+                           != timepoints.cend()) {
+                    fwd_->timepoint_states_[final_time] = fwd_->final_state_;
+                }
+            } catch (std::exception const&) {
+                // We must not throw in case we are already in the stack
+                // unwinding phase due to some other active exception, otherwise
+                // this will also lead to termination.
+                //
+                // In case there is another active exception,
+                // `fwd_->{final_state_,timepoint_states_}` won't be set,
+                // and we assume that they are either not accessed anymore, or
+                // that there is appropriate error handling in place.
+                if(!std::uncaught_exceptions()) {
+                    throw;
+                }
             }
         }
     }