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2. Define and Measure Healthcare

2.1 Define Healthcare

  • The Oxford Dictionary - corresponding to the biomedical model

"The organized provision of medical care to individuals or a community"

  • The Merriam-Webster Dictionary online - corresponding to the biopsychological model

"Efforts made to maintain or restore physical, mental, or emotional well-being especially by trained and licensed professionals"

2.2 Measure Healthcare - Donabedian's Healthcare Quality Model

  • Structure (macro)
    • People (healthcare professionals, communities, and organizations)
    • Technology (healthcare clinical tools and equipments)
    • Physical environments (buildings, operating rooms)
    • Resources (financial)
    • Policies and regulations
  • Process (micro)
    • The activities performed by healthcare professionals
    • Clinical decision making
    • Coordination of care
    • Patient adherence
    • Family and community support
  • Outcome (Macro/Micro)
    • Mortality
    • Morbility
    • Quality of Life
    • Patient satisfaction
    • Cost
    • Access