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<meta name="description" content="HTML Accessibility API Mappings (HTML-AAM) defines how user agents map HTML [HTML] elements and attributes to platform
accessibility application programming interfaces (APIs). It leverages and extends the
Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2 and the Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2 for use with the HTML host language. Documenting these mappings promotes interoperable exposure of roles, states, properties, and events
implemented by accessibility APIs and helps to ensure that this information appears in a manner consistent with author intent.">
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{
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"company": "Mozilla Foundation",
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/W3C-ED"></head>
<body class="h-entry" data-cite="HTML core-aam accname wai-aria dom infra"><div class="head">
<p class="logos"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"><img crossorigin="" alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72">
</a></p>
<h1 id="title" class="title">HTML Accessibility API Mappings 1.0</h1>
<p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#ED">W3C Editor's Draft</a> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2025-02-12">12 February 2025</time></p>
<details open="">
<summary>More details about this document</summary>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt><dd>
<a class="u-url" href="https://w3c.github.io/html-aam/">https://w3c.github.io/html-aam/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aam-1.0/">https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aam-1.0/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="https://w3c.github.io/html-aam/">https://w3c.github.io/html-aam/</a></dd>
<dt>History:</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/history/html-aam-1.0/">https://www.w3.org/standards/history/html-aam-1.0/</a>
</dd><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/html-aam/commits/">Commit history</a>
</dd>
<dt>Editor:</dt><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="103856">
<span class="p-name fn">Scott O'Hara</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft</a>)
</dd>
<dt>
Former editors:
</dt><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="35007">
<span class="p-name fn">Steve Faulkner</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.tpgi.com/">TPGi</a>) (until May 2023)
</dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="51089">
<span class="p-name fn">Alexander Surkov</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Foundation</a>) (until August 2018)
</dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="71139">
<span class="p-name fn">Bogdan Brinza</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft</a>) (until July 2018)
</dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="50050">
<span class="p-name fn">Jason Kiss</span> (<span class="p-org org h-org">Invited Expert</span>) (until June 2018)
</dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="11897">
<span class="p-name fn">Cynthia Shelly</span> (<a class="p-org org h-org" href="https://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft</a>) (until September 2013)
</dd>
<dt>Feedback:</dt><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/html-aam/">GitHub w3c/html-aam</a>
(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/html-aam/pulls/">pull requests</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/html-aam/issues/new/choose">new issue</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/html-aam/issues/">open issues</a>)
</dd>
</dl>
</details>
<p class="copyright">
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#copyright">Copyright</a>
©
2015-2025
<a href="https://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr><sup>®</sup>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
<a rel="license" href="https://www.w3.org/copyright/software-license-2023/" title="W3C Software and Document Notice and License">permissive document license</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> Mappings (<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>-AAM) defines how <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#user-agent">user agents</a> map <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] elements and attributes to platform
<a class="termref informative" data-lt="accessibility API" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility application programming interfaces (<abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr>)</a>. It leverages and extends the
<cite><a data-matched-text="[[[core-aam-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2</a></cite> and the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[accname-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/">Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2</a></cite> for use with the <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> host language. Documenting these mappings promotes interoperable exposure of roles, states, properties, and events
implemented by accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr> and helps to ensure that this information appears in a manner consistent with author intent.
</p>
<p>
The <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>-AAM is part of the <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> suite described in the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php"><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Application">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Overview</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd" class="introductory"><h2>Status of This Document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this
document at the time of its publication. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>
publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found
in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports index</a> at
https://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
<div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note" aria-level="3"><span>Note</span></div><p class="">
<strong>This document is subject to change without notice.</strong>
</p></div>
<p>
This document was initially developed by and with the approval of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/html-accessibility-tf.html"><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Accessibility Taskforce</a>, a joint task force of the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/">Protocols and Formats Working Group</a> and the <a href="https://www.w3.org/html/wg/"><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Working Group</a>. Work continued with the successor groups
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group</a> and the <a href="https://www.w3.org/2019/webapps/">Web Applications Working Group</a>. This
document is now maintained solely by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group</a>.
</p>
<p>
This document was published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/aria">Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group</a> as
an Editor's Draft.
</p><p>Publication as an Editor's Draft does not
imply endorsement by <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> and its Members. </p><p>
This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other
than work in progress.
</p><p>
This document was produced by a group
operating under the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent
Policy</a>.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a
<a rel="disclosure" href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/aria/ipr">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
made in connection with the deliverables of
the group; that page also includes
instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
</p><p>
This document is governed by the
<a id="w3c_process_revision" href="https://www.w3.org/policies/process/20231103/">03 November 2023 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Process Document</a>.
</p></section><nav id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h2><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sotd">Status of This Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#intro"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>Introduction</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#intro_aapi"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#conformance"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>Conformance</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#deprecated"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>Deprecated</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#mapping-html-to-accessibility-apis"><bdi class="secno">3. </bdi>Mapping <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> to Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#mapping_general"><bdi class="secno">3.1 </bdi>General Rules for Exposing <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Semantics</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#mapping_conflicts"><bdi class="secno">3.2 </bdi>Conflicts Between Native Markup Semantics and <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr></a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#mapping_nodirect"><bdi class="secno">3.3 </bdi>Exposing <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Features That Do Not Directly Map to Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#minimum-role"><bdi class="secno">3.4 </bdi>Exposing <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Features That Require a Minimum Role</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#html-element-role-mappings"><bdi class="secno">3.5 </bdi><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Element Role Mappings</a><ol class="toc"></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#html-attribute-state-and-property-mappings"><bdi class="secno">3.6 </bdi><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Attribute State and Property Mappings</a><ol class="toc"></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#accessible-name-and-description-computation"><bdi class="secno">4. </bdi>Accessible Name and Description Computation</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#accname-computation"><bdi class="secno">4.1 </bdi>Accessible Name Computations By <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Element</a><ol class="toc"></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#accdesc-computation"><bdi class="secno">4.2 </bdi>Accessible Description Computation</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#privacy-considerations"><bdi class="secno">5. </bdi>Privacy considerations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#security-considerations"><bdi class="secno">6. </bdi>Security considerations</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#appendices"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi>Appendices</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#changelog"><bdi class="secno">A.1 </bdi>Change Log</a><ol class="toc"></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#acknowledgements"><bdi class="secno">A.2 </bdi>Acknowledgments</a><ol class="toc"></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><bdi class="secno">B. </bdi>References</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#normative-references"><bdi class="secno">B.1 </bdi>Normative references</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><bdi class="secno">B.2 </bdi>Informative references</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>
<section id="intro" class="informative"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x1-introduction"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>Introduction</h2><a class="self-link" href="#intro" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>
This specification defines how <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> user agents respond to and expose <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-role">role</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-state">state</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-property">property</a> information provided for Web content. Unless indicated otherwise, an <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>
element or attribute with default <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[wai-aria-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2</a></cite> semantics must be exposed to the platform <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> according to the relevant <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mappings defined in
the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[core-aam-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2</a></cite> specification.
</p>
<p>
In some cases, often due to features of the <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> host language or the accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> in question, an element or attribute's mapping differs from the corresponding ARIA mappings specified in
the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-core-aam-1.2" title="Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2">core-aam-1.2</a></cite>]. Where an <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> element or attribute does not have any default <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> semantics, the applicable mapping for each platform <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr></a> is
defined by this specification.
</p>
<p>
This document also adapts the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[accname-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/">Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2</a></cite> specification for deriving the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name">accessible names</a> and
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-description">accessible descriptions</a> of [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>] elements, and provides accessible implementation examples for specific <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> elements and
features.
</p>
<p>
Users often access <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> content using assistive technologies that rely on platform <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr></a> to obtain and
interact with information from the page. This document is part of the following suite of accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> mapping specifications for content rendered by user agents:
</p>
<ul>
<li><cite><a data-matched-text="[[[accname-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/">Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2</a></cite></li>
<li><cite><a data-matched-text="[[[core-aam-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2</a></cite></li>
<li><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> Mappings 1.0 (this specification)</li>
<li>
<cite><a href="https://w3c.github.io/mathml-aam/">MathML Accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> Mappings 1.0</a></cite>
</li>
<li><cite><a data-matched-text="[[[svg-aam-1.0]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/svg-aam-1.0/">SVG Accessibility API Mappings</a></cite></li>
</ul>
<section id="intro_aapi"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-1-accessibility-apis"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></h3><a class="self-link" href="#intro_aapi" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1"></a></div>
<p><a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> covered by this document are:</p>
<ul>
<li><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr> with <cite>IAccessible2 1.3</cite> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-iaccessible2" title="IAccessible2">IAccessible2</a></cite>]</li>
<li><cite>User Interface Automation</cite> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-ui-automation" title="UI Automation">UI-AUTOMATION</a></cite>]</li>
<li><cite>ATK - Accessibility Toolkit</cite> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-atk" title="ATK - Accessibility Toolkit">ATK</a></cite>] and <cite>Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface</cite> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-at-spi" title="Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface">AT-SPI</a></cite>], referred to hereafter as "ATK/AT-SPI"</li>
<li><cite>macOS Accessibility Protocol</cite> [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-axapi" title="The NSAccessibility Protocol for macOS">AXAPI</a></cite>]</li>
</ul>
<p>
If user agent developers need to expose information using other <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a>, it is recommended that they work closely with the developer of the platform where
the <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> runs, and assistive technology developers on that platform.
</p>
<p>For more information regarding <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a>, refer to <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#intro_aapi">section 1.1 Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> of the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[core-aam-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2</a></cite>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="conformance"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x2-conformance"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>Conformance</h2><a class="self-link" href="#conformance" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2."></a></div><p>As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.</p><p>
The key words <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em>, <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em>, <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em>, and <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> in this document
are to be interpreted as described in
<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/bcp14">BCP 14</a>
[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc2119" title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">RFC2119</a></cite>] [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-rfc8174" title="Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words">RFC8174</a></cite>]
when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
</p>
<p>The classification of a section as normative or non-normative applies to the entire section and all sub-sections of that section.</p>
<p>Normative sections provide requirements that authors, user agents, and assistive technologies <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> follow for an implementation to conform to this specification.</p>
<p>
Non-normative sections provide information useful to understanding the specification. Such sections may contain examples of recommended practice, but it is not required to follow such
recommendations in order to conform to this specification.
</p>
<section id="deprecated"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-1-deprecated"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>Deprecated</h3><a class="self-link" href="#deprecated" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.1"></a></div>
<p>There are currently no deprecated requirements.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="mapping-html-to-accessibility-apis"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x3-mapping-html-to-accessibility-apis"><bdi class="secno">3. </bdi>Mapping <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> to Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></h2><a class="self-link" href="#mapping-html-to-accessibility-apis" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3."></a></div>
<section id="mapping_general"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-1-general-rules-for-exposing-wai-aria-semantics"><bdi class="secno">3.1 </bdi>General Rules for Exposing <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Semantics</h3><a class="self-link" href="#mapping_general" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.1"></a></div>
<div class="note" role="note" id="issue-container-generatedID-0"><div role="heading" class="note-title marker" id="h-note-0" aria-level="4"><span>Note</span></div><p class=""><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> support was first introduced to <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> in [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></cite>].</p></div>
<p>
Where an <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> element or attribute has default <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> semantics, it <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> be exposed to the platform <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> in a way that conforms to
<a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#mapping_general">General rules for exposing <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> semantics</a> in the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[core-aam-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2</a></cite>.
</p>
</section>
<section id="mapping_conflicts"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-2-conflicts-between-native-markup-semantics-and-wai-aria"><bdi class="secno">3.2 </bdi>Conflicts Between Native Markup Semantics and <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr></h3><a class="self-link" href="#mapping_conflicts" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.2"></a></div>
<p>
Where the host language is [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-html" title="HTML Standard">HTML</a></cite>], user agents <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> conform to
<a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#mapping_conflicts">Conflicts between native markup semantics and <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr></a> in the <cite><a data-matched-text="[[[core-aam-1.2]]]" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/">Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2</a></cite>.
</p>
</section>
<section id="mapping_nodirect"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-3-exposing-html-features-that-do-not-directly-map-to-accessibility-apis"><bdi class="secno">3.3 </bdi>Exposing <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Features That Do Not Directly Map to Accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></h3><a class="self-link" href="#mapping_nodirect" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.3"></a></div>
<p>
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> can include features that are not supported by <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> at the time of publication. There is not a one to one relationship between all features and
platform <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a>. When <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> roles, states and properties do not directly map to an <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr></a>, and there is a method in the
<abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> to expose a text string, user agents <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> expose the undefined role, states and properties via that method.
</p>
<p>
For <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> elements or attributes with default <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> semantics, user agents <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> conform to
<a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#mapping_nodirect">Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> properties</a> in
the [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-core-aam-1.2" title="Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2">core-aam-1.2</a></cite>].
</p>
</section>
<section id="exposing-html-features-that-require-a-minimum-role"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="minimum-role"><bdi class="secno">3.4 </bdi>Exposing <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Features That Require a Minimum Role</h3><a class="self-link" href="#minimum-role" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.4"></a></div>
<p>
A <dfn id="dfn-minimum-role" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="dialog" data-dfn-type="dfn">minimum role</dfn> is the equivalent <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> role an element will map to if the element does not have a more specific implicit role or platform role mappings, e.g., a non-generic
role. This can help ensure that users of assistive technologies get the best possible experience for commonly-used and valid <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> markup where otherwise a role would not be exposed.
</p>
<p>A minimum role is provided when all of the following conditions are true:</p>
<ul>
<li>the author has <strong>not</strong> specified a valid explicit <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> role to the element, <strong>or</strong> the specified role is either <code>none</code>, <code>presentation</code>, or <code>generic</code>;</li>
<li>the element either has no implicit <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> role or platform role mappings, or it has an implicit <code>generic</code> or <code>none</code> computed role;</li>
<li>and the author has specified attributes which require a minimum role mapping for the element.</li>
</ul>
<p>
The <a href="#html-attribute-state-and-property-mappings"><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Attribute State and Property Mappings</a> section identifies the specific global attributes which would require an element map
to a minimum role.
</p>
<p>
When these conditions are met, the browser <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> expose an object using the mappings defined in CORE-AAM for the specified minimum role. If the element has multiple attributes specified which
require a minimum role be returned as the computed role for the element, prioritize the more specific role in the ARIA taxonomy.
</p>
</section>
<section id="html-element-role-mappings"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x3-5-html-element-role-mappings"><bdi class="secno">3.5 </bdi><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Element Role Mappings</h3><a class="self-link" href="#html-element-role-mappings" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5"></a></div>
<ul>
<li>
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> elements with implicit <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> role semantics <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> be mapped to platform <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">APIs</abbr></a> according to the identified <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> role mapping as defined in the
[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-core-aam-1.2" title="Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2">core-aam-1.2</a></cite>] specification.
</li>
<li>
"Not mapped" means the element does not need to be exposed via an <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-api">accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr></a>. This is usually because the element is not displayed as part of the user
interface. However, authors can force some of these elements to be rendered. For instance, by overriding user agent styles to render elements that would have been otherwise set to
<code>display: none</code>. In these cases, the user agent <em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em> map such elements to the role of <a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-generic"><code>generic</code></a>, unless other <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> features have been
specified which would require a more specific <a href="#dfn-minimum-role" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn" id="ref-for-dfn-minimum-role-1">minimum role</a> to be exposed.
</li>
<li>
Where an element is indicated as having "No corresponding (<abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>) role", or is mapped to the <a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-generic"><code>generic</code></a> role, user agents
<em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em> expose the <a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#ariaRoleDescription"><code>aria-roledescription</code></a> property value in the <a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-tree">accessibility tree</a> unless the element has an
explicit, conforming <code>role</code> attribute value which [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">WAI-ARIA-1.2</a></cite>] does not prohibit the use of <code>aria-roledescription</code>.
</li>
<li>
Some <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> elements expose implicit <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> roles depending on whether they have been provided an <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name">accessible name</a>. How an element
participates in the computation of its own or another element's <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name">accessible name</a> and/or
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-description">accessible description</a> is described in the
<a href="#accessible-name-and-description-computation">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a> section of this document.
</li>
</ul>
<section id="platform-api-mapping-requirements-0"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="platform-api-mapping-requirements"><bdi class="secno">3.5.1 </bdi>Platform <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> mapping requirements</h4><a class="self-link" href="#platform-api-mapping-requirements" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.1"></a></div>
<ul>
<li>
When <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> elements do not have an exact or equivalent mapping to a valid, non-abstract <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> role, a unique <code>computedrole</code>
string has been specified to serve as the return value for interoperability testing purposes. For instance, the <code>video</code> element <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> be exposed with a <code>computedrole</code> of "<code>html-video</code>".
Authors <em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em> use any <code>html-</code>prefixed computed role string in the role attribute (such as <code>html-video</code>). User Agents <em class="rfc2119">MUST</em> ignore any abstract or invalid role token.
<div class="example">
<code> <video> <!-- computedrole returns 'html-video' --> <main role="html-video"> <!-- Author error. computed role returns 'main' --> </code>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<strong>IAccessible2:</strong>
<ul>
<li>All elements with accessible objects should implement the IAccessible, IAccessible2 and IAccessible2_2 interfaces.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<strong>UIA:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
When a <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-label">labelable element</a> is referenced by a <code>label</code> element's <code>for</code> attribute, or a descendant of a <code>label</code> element, the labelable
element's UIA <code>LabeledBy</code> property points to the UIA element for the <code>label</code> element.
</li>
<li>
Elements mapped to the <code>Text</code> Control Type are not generally represented as <a class="termref informative" data-lt="accessible object" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessible-object">accessible objects</a> in the
<a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-tree">accessibility tree</a>, but are just part of the <code>Text</code> Control Pattern implemented for the whole <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> document. However, if they have any <code>aria-</code> attributes or an
explicit <code>tabindex</code> specified, elements mapped to the <code>Text</code> Control Type will be represented as <a class="termref informative" data-lt="accessible object" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessible-object">accessible objects</a> in the
<a class="termref informative" data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#dfn-accessibility-tree">accessibility tree</a>.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<strong>AXAPI:</strong>
<ul>
<li>User agents should return a user-presentable, localized string value for the Mac Accessibility AXRoleDescription.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section><section id="a-represents-a-hyperlink"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-a"><bdi class="secno">3.5.2 </bdi><code>a</code> <span class="el-context">(represents a hyperlink)</span></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-a" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.2"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-a">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element"><code>a</code></a>
<span class="el-context">(represents a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html#hyperlink">hyperlink</a>)</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-link"><code>link</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="a-no-href-attribute"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-a-no-href"><bdi class="secno">3.5.3 </bdi><code>a</code> <span class="el-context">(no <code>href</code> attribute)</span></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-a-no-href" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.3"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-a-no-href">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element"><code>a</code></a>
<span class="el-context">(no <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html#attr-hyperlink-href"><code>href</code></a> attribute)</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-generic"><code>generic</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="abbr"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-abbr"><bdi class="secno">3.5.4 </bdi><code>abbr</code></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-abbr" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.4"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-abbr">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element"><code>abbr</code></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td>No corresponding role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">html-abbr</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="role"><span class="type">Roles:</span> <code>ROLE_SYSTEM_TEXT</code>; <code>IA2_ROLE_TEXT_FRAME</code></div>
<div class="objattrs">
<span class="type">Object attributes:</span>
"abbr" attribute on the containing <a href="#el-td"><code>td</code></a> if a single child, text content used as a value
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="ctrltype"><span class="type">Control Type:</span> <code>Text</code></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="role"><span class="type">Role:</span> <code>ATK_ROLE_STATIC</code></div>
<div class="objattrs">
<span class="type">Object attributes:</span>
"abbr" attribute on the containing <a href="#el-td"><code>td</code></a> if a single child, text content used as a value
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="role"><span class="type">AXRole:</span> <code>AXGroup</code></div>
<div class="subrole"><span class="type">AXSubrole:</span> <code>(nil)</code></div>
<div class="roledesc"><span class="type">AXRoleDescription:</span> <code>"group"</code></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="address"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-address"><bdi class="secno">3.5.5 </bdi><code>address</code></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-address" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.5"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-address">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-address-element"><code>address</code></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-group"><code>group</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="area-represents-a-hyperlink"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-area"><bdi class="secno">3.5.6 </bdi><code>area</code> <span class="el-context">(represents a hyperlink)</span></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-area" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.6"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-area">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/image-maps.html#the-area-element"><code>area</code></a>
<span class="el-context">(represents a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html#hyperlink">hyperlink</a>)</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-link"><code>link</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="area-no-href-attribute"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-area-no-href"><bdi class="secno">3.5.7 </bdi><code>area</code> <span class="el-context">(no <code>href</code> attribute)</span></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-area-no-href" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.7"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-area-no-href">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/image-maps.html#the-area-element"><code>area</code></a>
<span class="el-context">(no <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html#attr-hyperlink-href"><code>href</code></a> attribute)</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-generic"><code>generic</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td>
User agents <em class="rfc2119">MAY</em> still expose an <code>a</code> element lacking the <code>href</code> attribute with a <code>link</code> role in the event an author specifies interactive behavior for the element. For example, if using
an <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#event-handler-content-attributes">event handler attribute</a>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="article"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-article"><bdi class="secno">3.5.8 </bdi><code>article</code></h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-article" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.8"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-article">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-article-element"><code>article</code></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-article"><code>article</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="aside-scoped-to-the-body-or-main-element"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-aside-ancestorbodymain"><bdi class="secno">3.5.9 </bdi><code>aside</code> (scoped to the <code>body</code> or <code>main</code> element)</h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-aside-ancestorbodymain" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.9"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-aside-ancestorbodymain">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-aside-element"><code>aside</code></a> (scoped to the <code>body</code> or <code>main</code> element)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td><a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-complementary"><code>complementary</code></a> role</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Comments</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section><section id="aside-scoped-to-a-sectioning-content-element"><div class="header-wrapper"><h4 id="el-aside"><bdi class="secno">3.5.10 </bdi><code>aside</code> (scoped to a sectioning content element)</h4><a class="self-link" href="#el-aside" aria-label="Permalink for Section 3.5.10"></a></div>
<table aria-labelledby="el-aside">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> Specification</th>
<td>
<a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-aside-element"><code>aside</code></a>
(scoped to a <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#sectioning-content">sectioning content</a> element)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>[<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-wai-aria-1.2" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2">wai-aria-1.2</a></cite>]</th>
<td>
<a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-complementary"><code>complementary</code></a> role if the <a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-aside-element"><code>aside</code></a> element has an
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/#dfn-accessible-name">accessible name</a>. Otherwise, <a class="core-mapping" href="https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/#role-map-generic"><code>generic</code></a> role.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/#roleMappingComputedRole">Computed Role</a></th>
<td class="role-computed"><div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx"><abbr title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">MSAA</abbr></a> + <a href="http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">UIA</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a></th>
<td>
<div class="general">Use <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> mapping</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>