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| 1 | +# Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and |
| 4 | +does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative |
| 5 | +Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other |
| 6 | +relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information |
| 7 | +available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties |
| 8 | +regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and |
| 9 | +conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all |
| 10 | +liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent |
| 11 | +possible. |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +### Using Creative Commons Public Licenses |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and |
| 16 | +conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share |
| 17 | +original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and |
| 18 | +certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following |
| 19 | +considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, |
| 20 | +and do not form part of our licenses. |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +* __Considerations for licensors:__ Our public licenses are intended for |
| 23 | +use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in |
| 24 | +ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our |
| 25 | +licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms |
| 26 | +and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors |
| 27 | +should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so |
| 28 | +that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should |
| 29 | +clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other |
| 30 | +CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation |
| 31 | +to copyright. |
| 32 | +[More considerations for licensors](http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors_and_licensees#Considerations_for_licensors). |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +* __Considerations for the public:__ By using one of our public licenses, |
| 35 | +a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material |
| 36 | +under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not |
| 37 | +necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception |
| 38 | +or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. |
| 39 | +Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other |
| 40 | +rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed |
| 41 | +material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because |
| 42 | +others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may |
| 43 | +make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or |
| 44 | +described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to |
| 45 | +respect those requests where reasonable. |
| 46 | +[More considerations for the public](http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors_and_licensees#Considerations_for_licensees). |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +--- |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +## Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree |
| 53 | +to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons |
| 54 | +Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public |
| 55 | +License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a |
| 56 | +contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your |
| 57 | +acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You |
| 58 | +such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from |
| 59 | +making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions. |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +### Section 1 – Definitions. |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +a. __Adapted Material__ means material subject to Copyright and Similar |
| 64 | +Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in |
| 65 | +which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, |
| 66 | +transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under |
| 67 | +the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of |
| 68 | +this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, |
| 69 | +performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced |
| 70 | +where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving |
| 71 | +image. |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | +b. __Adapter's License__ means the license You apply to Your Copyright |
| 74 | +and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in |
| 75 | +accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License. |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +c. __BY-SA Compatible License__ means a license listed at |
| 78 | +[creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses](http://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses), |
| 79 | +approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this |
| 80 | +Public License. |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +d. __Copyright and Similar Rights__ means copyright and/or similar rights |
| 83 | +closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, |
| 84 | +broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without |
| 85 | +regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this |
| 86 | +Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not |
| 87 | +Copyright and Similar Rights. |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +e. __Effective Technological Measures__ means those measures that, in the |
| 90 | +absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws |
| 91 | +fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty |
| 92 | +adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements. |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | +f. __Exceptions and Limitations__ means fair use, fair dealing, and/or |
| 95 | +any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that |
| 96 | +applies to Your use of the Licensed Material. |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | +g. __License Elements__ means the license attributes listed in the name |
| 99 | +of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public |
| 100 | +License are Attribution and ShareAlike. |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | +h. __Licensed Material__ means the artistic or literary work, database, |
| 103 | +or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License. |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +i. __Licensed Rights__ means the rights granted to You subject to the |
| 106 | +terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all |
| 107 | +Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed |
| 108 | +Material and that the Licensor has authority to license. |
| 109 | + |
| 110 | +j. __Licensor__ means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights |
| 111 | +under this Public License. |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +k. __Share__ means to provide material to the public by any means or |
| 114 | +process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as |
| 115 | +reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, |
| 116 | +dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material |
| 117 | +available to the public including in ways that members of the public may |
| 118 | +access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by |
| 119 | +them. |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +l. __Sui Generis Database Rights__ means rights other than copyright |
| 122 | +resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the |
| 123 | +Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended |
| 124 | +and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere |
| 125 | +in the world. |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | +m. __You__ means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights |
| 128 | +under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning. |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +### Section 2 – Scope. |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +a. ___License grant.___ |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | +1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the |
| 135 | +Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, |
| 136 | +non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the |
| 137 | +Licensed Material to: |
| 138 | + |
| 139 | + A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | + and |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | + B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material. |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +2. __Exceptions and Limitations.__ For the avoidance of doubt, where |
| 146 | +Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does |
| 147 | +not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions. |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +3. __Term.__ The term of this Public License is specified in |
| 150 | +Section 6(a). |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +4. __Media and formats; technical modifications allowed.__ The Licensor |
| 153 | +authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats |
| 154 | +whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical |
| 155 | +modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not |
| 156 | +to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical |
| 157 | +modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including |
| 158 | +technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological |
| 159 | +Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making |
| 160 | +modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted |
| 161 | +Material. |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | +5. __Downstream recipients.__ |
| 164 | + |
| 165 | + A. __Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material.__ Every recipient |
| 166 | + of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the |
| 167 | + Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and |
| 168 | + conditions of this Public License. |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | + B. __Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material.__ |
| 171 | + Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives |
| 172 | + an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the |
| 173 | + Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You |
| 174 | + apply. |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | + C. __No downstream restrictions.__ You may not offer or impose any |
| 177 | + additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any |
| 178 | + Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing |
| 179 | + so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the |
| 180 | + Licensed Material. |
| 181 | + |
| 182 | +6. __No endorsement.__ Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may |
| 183 | +be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that You |
| 184 | +use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, |
| 185 | +or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to |
| 186 | +receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i). |
| 187 | + |
| 188 | +b. ___Other rights.___ |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | +1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under |
| 191 | +this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar |
| 192 | +personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives |
| 193 | +and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the |
| 194 | +limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, |
| 195 | +but not otherwise. |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this |
| 198 | +Public License. |
| 199 | + |
| 200 | +3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect |
| 201 | +royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether |
| 202 | +directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable |
| 203 | +statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor |
| 204 | +expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties. |
| 205 | + |
| 206 | +### Section 3 – License Conditions. |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | +Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the |
| 209 | +following conditions. |
| 210 | + |
| 211 | +a. ___Attribution.___ |
| 212 | + |
| 213 | +1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), |
| 214 | +You must: |
| 215 | + |
| 216 | + A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the |
| 217 | + Licensed Material: |
| 218 | + |
| 219 | + i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any |
| 220 | + others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner |
| 221 | + requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated); |
| 222 | + |
| 223 | + ii. a copyright notice; |
| 224 | + |
| 225 | + iii. a notice that refers to this Public License; |
| 226 | + |
| 227 | + iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties; |
| 228 | + |
| 229 | + v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent |
| 230 | + reasonably practicable; |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | + B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an |
| 233 | + indication of any previous modifications; and |
| 234 | + |
| 235 | + C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public |
| 236 | + License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this |
| 237 | + Public License. |
| 238 | + |
| 239 | +2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable |
| 240 | +manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the |
| 241 | +Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the |
| 242 | +conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes |
| 243 | +the required information. |
| 244 | + |
| 245 | +3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information |
| 246 | +required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable. |
| 247 | + |
| 248 | +b. ___ShareAlike.___ |
| 249 | + |
| 250 | +In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted |
| 251 | +Material You produce, the following conditions also apply. |
| 252 | + |
| 253 | +1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license |
| 254 | +with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA |
| 255 | +Compatible License. |
| 256 | + |
| 257 | +2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the |
| 258 | +Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any |
| 259 | +reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You |
| 260 | +Share Adapted Material. |
| 261 | + |
| 262 | +3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or |
| 263 | +conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted |
| 264 | +Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's |
| 265 | +License You apply. |
| 266 | + |
| 267 | +### Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights. |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | +Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply |
| 270 | +to Your use of the Licensed Material: |
| 271 | + |
| 272 | +a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to |
| 273 | +extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the |
| 274 | +contents of the database; |
| 275 | + |
| 276 | +b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents |
| 277 | +in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the |
| 278 | +database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its |
| 279 | +individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of |
| 280 | +Section 3(b); and |
| 281 | + |
| 282 | +c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all |
| 283 | +or a substantial portion of the contents of the database. |
| 284 | + |
| 285 | +For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not |
| 286 | +replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed |
| 287 | +Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights. |
| 288 | + |
| 289 | +### Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability. |
| 290 | + |
| 291 | +a. __Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the |
| 292 | +extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and |
| 293 | +as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind |
| 294 | +concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or |
| 295 | +other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, |
| 296 | +merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, |
| 297 | +absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence |
| 298 | +of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of |
| 299 | +warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not |
| 300 | +apply to You.__ |
| 301 | + |
| 302 | +b. __To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to |
| 303 | +You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or |
| 304 | +otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, |
| 305 | +punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising |
| 306 | +out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the |
| 307 | +Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, |
| 308 | +expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in |
| 309 | +full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.__ |
| 310 | + |
| 311 | +c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided |
| 312 | +above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most |
| 313 | +closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability. |
| 314 | + |
| 315 | +### Section 6 – Term and Termination. |
| 316 | + |
| 317 | +a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar |
| 318 | +Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public |
| 319 | +License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate |
| 320 | +automatically. |
| 321 | + |
| 322 | +b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under |
| 323 | +Section 6(a), it reinstates: |
| 324 | + |
| 325 | +1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is |
| 326 | +cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or |
| 327 | + |
| 328 | +2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor. |
| 329 | + |
| 330 | + For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any |
| 331 | + right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of |
| 332 | + this Public License. |
| 333 | + |
| 334 | +c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed |
| 335 | +Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the |
| 336 | +Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this |
| 337 | +Public License. |
| 338 | + |
| 339 | +d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License. |
| 340 | + |
| 341 | +### Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions. |
| 342 | + |
| 343 | +a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms |
| 344 | +or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed. |
| 345 | + |
| 346 | +b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed |
| 347 | +Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms |
| 348 | +and conditions of this Public License.t stated herein are separate from |
| 349 | +and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License. |
| 350 | + |
| 351 | +### Section 8 – Interpretation. |
| 352 | + |
| 353 | +a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall |
| 354 | +not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on |
| 355 | +any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without |
| 356 | +permission under this Public License. |
| 357 | + |
| 358 | +b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is |
| 359 | +deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum |
| 360 | +extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be |
| 361 | +reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting |
| 362 | +the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions. |
| 363 | + |
| 364 | +c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no |
| 365 | +failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the |
| 366 | +Licensor. |
| 367 | + |
| 368 | +d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a |
| 369 | +limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply |
| 370 | +to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any |
| 371 | +jurisdiction or authority. |
| 372 | + |
| 373 | +--- |
| 374 | + |
| 375 | +Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, |
| 376 | +Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to |
| 377 | +material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the |
| 378 | +“Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is |
| 379 | +shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted |
| 380 | +by the Creative Commons policies published at |
| 381 | +[creativecommons.org/policies](http://creativecommons.org/policies), |
| 382 | +Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative |
| 383 | +Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its |
| 384 | +prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with |
| 385 | +any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other |
| 386 | +arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed |
| 387 | +material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part |
| 388 | +of the public licenses. |
| 389 | + |
| 390 | +Creative Commons may be contacted at |
| 391 | +[creativecommons.org](http://creativecommons.org) |
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