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acctproc.c
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/*
** ATOP - System & Process Monitor
**
** The program 'atop' offers the possibility to view the activity of
** the system on system-level as well as process-level.
**
** This source-file contains functions to manipulate with process-accounting
** features (switch it on/off and read the process-accounting records).
** ================================================================
** Author: Gerlof Langeveld
** E-mail: [email protected]
** Date: November 1996
** LINUX-port: June 2000
**
** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
** under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
** Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
** later version.
**
** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
** WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
** See the GNU General Public License for more details.
**
** $Log: acctproc.c,v $
** Revision 1.28 2010/04/23 12:20:19 gerlof
** Modified mail-address in header.
**
** Revision 1.27 2009/12/12 10:12:01 gerlof
** Register and display end date and end time for process.
**
** Revision 1.26 2008/03/06 08:37:25 gerlof
** Register/show ppid of a process.
**
** Revision 1.25 2008/01/14 09:22:23 gerlof
** Support for environment variable ATOPACCT to specify the name of a
** particular process accouting file.
**
** Revision 1.24 2007/08/17 08:50:26 gerlof
** Verify if private accounting used before switching off accounting.
**
** Revision 1.23 2007/03/20 13:01:51 gerlof
** Introduction of variable supportflags.
**
** Revision 1.22 2007/02/13 09:14:49 gerlof
** New boolean introduced to indicate if accounting is active.
**
** Revision 1.21 2006/02/07 06:46:15 gerlof
** Removed swap-counter.
**
** Revision 1.20 2005/11/04 14:17:10 gerlof
** Improved recognition of certain version process accounting file.
**
** Revision 1.19 2005/10/31 12:44:58 gerlof
** Support account-record version 3 (used by Mandriva).
**
** Revision 1.18 2005/10/31 08:55:05 root
** *** empty log message ***
**
** Revision 1.17 2004/12/14 15:05:00 gerlof
** Implementation of patch-recognition for disk and network-statistics.
**
** Revision 1.16 2004/06/01 11:57:22 gerlof
** Consider other standard accounting-files, i.e. /var/account/pacct.
**
** Revision 1.15 2004/05/06 09:48:21 gerlof
** Ported to kernel-version 2.6.
**
** Revision 1.14 2003/07/07 09:26:15 gerlof
** Cleanup code (-Wall proof).
**
** Revision 1.13 2003/07/02 06:43:11 gerlof
** Modified include-file sys/acct.h to linux/acct.h to make it
** work on Alpha-based systems as well.
**
** Revision 1.12 2003/06/27 12:31:24 gerlof
** Adapt long to long long.
**
** Revision 1.11 2003/04/03 08:32:58 gerlof
** Cosmetic changes.
**
** Revision 1.10 2003/01/14 09:01:45 gerlof
** Small cosmetic changes.
**
** Revision 1.9 2002/10/03 11:12:03 gerlof
** Modify (effective) uid/gid to real uid/gid.
**
** Revision 1.8 2002/07/24 11:11:12 gerlof
** Redesigned to ease porting to other UNIX-platforms.
**
** Revision 1.7 2002/07/11 07:28:29 root
** Some additions related to secure accounting file handling
**
** Revision 1.6 2002/07/08 09:14:54 root
** Modified secure handling of accounting file
** (inspired by Tobias Rittweiler).
**
** Revision 1.5 2001/11/07 09:16:55 gerlof
** Allow users to run atop without process-accounting switched on.
**
** Revision 1.4 2001/10/16 06:15:52 gerlof
** Partly redesigned.
**
** Revision 1.3 2001/10/04 13:02:24 gerlof
** Redesign of the way to determine how many atop's are using process-accounting
** on basis of semaphores.
**
** Revision 1.2 2001/10/04 08:46:46 gerlof
** Improved verification of kernel-symbol addresses
**
** Revision 1.1 2001/10/02 10:38:35 gerlof
** Initial revision
**
*/
#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include "atop.h"
#include "photoproc.h"
#include "acctproc.h"
#include "atopacctd.h"
#define ACCTDIR "/var/cache/atop.d"
#define ACCTFILE "atop.acct"
#define ACCTENV "ATOPACCT"
static char acctatop; /* boolean: atop's own accounting busy ? */
static off_t acctsize; /* previous size of account file */
static int acctrecsz; /* size of account record */
static int acctversion; /* version of account record layout */
static int acctfd = -1; /* fd of account file (-1 = not open) */
static long curshadowseq; /* current shadow file sequence number */
static long maxshadowrec; /* number of records per shadow file */
static char *pacctdir = PACCTDIR;
static count_t acctexp (comp_t ct);
static int acctvers(int);
static void acctrestarttrial();
static void switchshadow(void);
struct pacctadm {
char *name;
struct stat stat;
} pacctadm[] = {
{ "/var/log/pacct", {0, }, },
{ "/var/account/pacct", {0, }, }
};
/*
** Semaphore-handling
**
** A semaphore-group with two semaphores is created
**
** 0 - Binary semaphore (mutex) to get access to active atop-counter
**
** 1 - Active atop-counter (inverted).
** This semaphore is initialized at some high value and is
** decremented by every atop-incarnation which uses the private
** accounting-file and incremented as soon as such atop stops again.
** If an atop-incarnation stops and it appears to be the last one
** using the private accounting-file, accounting is stopped
** and the file removed
** (Yes, I know: it's not proper usage of the semaphore-principle).
*/
#define ATOPACCTKEY 3121959
#define ATOPACCTTOT 100
struct sembuf semclaim = {0, -1, SEM_UNDO},
semrelse = {0, +1, SEM_UNDO},
semdecre = {1, -1, SEM_UNDO},
semincre = {1, +1, SEM_UNDO};
/*
** switch on the process-accounting mechanism
**
** return value:
** 0 - activated (success)
** 1 - not activated: unreadable accounting file
** 2 - not activated: empty environment variable ATOPACCT
** 3 - not activated: no access to semaphore group
** 4 - not activated: impossible to create own accounting file
** 5 - not activated: no root privileges
*/
int
acctswon(void)
{
int i, j, sematopid, sempacctpubid;
static ushort vals[] = {1, ATOPACCTTOT};
union {ushort *array;} arg = {vals};
struct stat statbuf;
char *ep;
/*
** when a particular environment variable is present, atop should
** use a specific accounting-file (as defined by the environment
** variable) or should use no process accounting at all (when
** contents of environment variable is empty)
*/
if ( (ep = getenv(ACCTENV)) )
{
/*
** environment variable exists
*/
if (*ep)
{
/*
** open active account file with the specified name
*/
if (! droprootprivs() )
cleanstop(42);
if ( (acctfd = open(ep, O_RDONLY) ) == -1)
return 1;
if ( !acctvers(acctfd) )
{
(void) close(acctfd);
acctfd = -1;
return 1;
}
supportflags |= ACCTACTIVE;
return 0;
}
else
{
/*
** no contents
*/
return 2;
}
}
/*
** when the atopacctd daemon is active on this system,
** it should be the preferred way to read the accounting records
*/
if ( (sempacctpubid = semget(PACCTPUBKEY, 0, 0)) != -1)
{
FILE *cfp;
char shadowpath[128];
struct flock flock;
if (! droprootprivs() )
cleanstop(42);
(void) semop(sempacctpubid, &semclaim, 1);
snprintf(shadowpath, sizeof shadowpath, "%s/%s/%s",
pacctdir, PACCTSHADOWD, PACCTSHADOWC);
if ( (cfp = fopen(shadowpath, "r")) )
{
if (fscanf(cfp, "%ld/%lu",
&curshadowseq, &maxshadowrec) == 2)
{
fclose(cfp);
snprintf(shadowpath, sizeof shadowpath,
PACCTSHADOWF, pacctdir,
PACCTSHADOWD, curshadowseq);
if ( (acctfd = open(shadowpath, O_RDONLY))!=-1)
{
if ( !acctvers(acctfd) )
{
int maxcnt = 40;
if ( fork() == 0 )
exit(0);
(void) wait((int *) 0);
while ( !acctvers(acctfd) &&
--maxcnt)
usleep(50000);
if (!acctversion)
{
(void) close(acctfd);
acctfd = -1;
semop(sempacctpubid,
&semrelse, 1);
regainrootprivs();
return 1;
}
}
/*
** set read lock on current shadow file
*/
flock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
flock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
flock.l_start = 0;
flock.l_len = 1;
if ( fcntl(acctfd, F_SETLK, &flock)
!= -1)
{
supportflags |= ACCTACTIVE;
regainrootprivs();
return 0;
}
(void) close(acctfd);
}
}
else
{
fclose(cfp);
maxshadowrec = 0;
}
}
(void) semop(sempacctpubid, &semrelse, 1);
}
/*
** check if process accounting is already switched on
** for one of the standard accounting-files; in that case we
** open this file and get our info from here ....
*/
for (i=0, j=0; i < sizeof pacctadm/sizeof pacctadm[0]; i++)
{
if ( stat(pacctadm[i].name, &pacctadm[i].stat) == 0)
j++;
}
if (j)
{
/*
** at least one file is present; check if it is really in use
** at this moment for accounting by forking a child-process
** which immediately finishes to force a new accounting-record
*/
if ( fork() == 0 )
exit(0); /* let the child finish */
(void) wait((int *) 0); /* let the parent wait */
for (i=0; i < sizeof pacctadm/sizeof pacctadm[0]; i++)
{
if ( stat(pacctadm[i].name, &statbuf) == 0)
{
/*
** accounting-file has grown?
*/
if (statbuf.st_size > pacctadm[i].stat.st_size)
{
/*
** open active account file
*/
if ( (acctfd = open(pacctadm[i].name,
O_RDONLY) ) == -1)
return 1;
if ( !acctvers(acctfd) )
{
(void) close(acctfd);
acctfd = -1;
return 1;
}
supportflags |= ACCTACTIVE;
return 0;
}
}
}
}
/*
** process-accounting is not yet switched on in a standard way;
** check if another atop has switched on accounting already
**
** first try to create a semaphore group exclusively; if this succeeds,
** this is the first atop-incarnation since boot and the semaphore group
** should be initialized`
*/
if ( (sematopid = semget(ATOPACCTKEY, 2, 0600|IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL)) >= 0)
(void) semctl(sematopid, 0, SETALL, arg);
else
sematopid = semget(ATOPACCTKEY, 0, 0);
/*
** check if we got access to the semaphore group
*/
if (sematopid == -1)
return 3;
/*
** the semaphore group is opened now; claim exclusive rights
*/
(void) semop(sematopid, &semclaim, 1);
/*
** are we the first to use the accounting-mechanism ?
*/
if (semctl(sematopid, 1, GETVAL, 0) == ATOPACCTTOT)
{
/*
** create a new separate directory below /tmp
** for the accounting file;
** if this directory exists (e.g. previous atop-run killed)
** it will be cleaned and newly created
*/
if ( mkdir(ACCTDIR, 0700) == -1)
{
if (errno == EEXIST)
{
(void) acct(0);
(void) unlink(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);
(void) rmdir(ACCTDIR);
}
if ( mkdir(ACCTDIR, 0700) == -1)
{
/*
** persistent failure
*/
(void) semop(sematopid, &semrelse, 1);
return 4;
}
}
/*
** create accounting file in new directory
*/
(void) close( creat(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE, 0600) );
/*
** switch on accounting
*/
if ( acct(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE) < 0)
{
(void) unlink(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);
(void) rmdir(ACCTDIR);
(void) semop(sematopid, &semrelse, 1);
return 5;
}
}
/*
** accounting is switched on now;
** open accounting-file
*/
if ( (acctfd = open(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE, O_RDONLY) ) < 0)
{
(void) acct(0);
(void) unlink(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);
(void) rmdir(ACCTDIR);
(void) semop(sematopid, &semrelse, 1);
return 1;
}
/*
** accounting successfully switched on
*/
(void) semop(sematopid, &semdecre, 1);
(void) semop(sematopid, &semrelse, 1);
acctatop = 1;
/*
** determine version of accounting-record
*/
if (fstat(acctfd, &statbuf) == -1)
{
(void) acct(0);
(void) close(acctfd);
(void) unlink(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);
(void) rmdir(ACCTDIR);
acctfd = -1;
return 1;
}
if (statbuf.st_size == 0) /* no acct record written yet */
{
/*
** let's write one record
*/
if ( fork() == 0 )
exit(0); /* let the child finish */
(void) wait((int *) 0); /* let the parent wait */
}
if ( !acctvers(acctfd) )
{
(void) acct(0);
(void) close(acctfd);
(void) unlink(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);
(void) rmdir(ACCTDIR);
acctfd = -1;
return 1;
}
supportflags |= ACCTACTIVE;
return 0;
}
/*
** determine the version of the accounting-record layout/length
** and reposition the seek-pointer to the end of the accounting file
*/
static int
acctvers(int fd)
{
struct acct tmprec;
/*
** read first record from accounting file to verify
** the second byte (always contains version number)
*/
if ( read(fd, &tmprec, sizeof tmprec) < sizeof tmprec)
return 0;
switch (tmprec.ac_version & 0x0f)
{
case 2:
acctrecsz = sizeof(struct acct);
acctversion = 2;
break;
case 3:
acctrecsz = sizeof(struct acct_v3);
acctversion = 3;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown format of process accounting file\n");
cleanstop(8);
}
/*
** accounting successfully switched on
*/
acctsize = acctprocnt() * acctrecsz;
/*
** reposition to actual file-size
*/
(void) lseek(fd, acctsize, SEEK_SET);
return 1;
}
/*
** switch off the process-accounting mechanism
*/
void
acctswoff(void)
{
int sematopid;
struct stat before, after;
/*
** if accounting not supported, skip call
*/
if (acctfd == -1)
return;
/*
** our private accounting-file in use?
*/
if (acctatop)
{
acctatop = 0;
/*
** claim the semaphore to get exclusive rights for
** the accounting-manipulation
*/
sematopid = semget(ATOPACCTKEY, 0, 0);
(void) semop(sematopid, &semclaim, 1);
(void) semop(sematopid, &semincre, 1);
/*
** check if we were the last user of accounting
*/
if (semctl(sematopid, 1, GETVAL, 0) == ATOPACCTTOT)
{
/*
** switch off private accounting
**
** verify if private accounting is still in use to
** avoid that we switch off process accounting that
** has been activated manually in the meantime
*/
(void) fstat(acctfd, &before);
if ( fork() == 0 ) /* create a child and */
exit(0); /* let the child finish */
(void) wait((int *) 0); /* let the parent wait */
(void) fstat(acctfd, &after);
if (after.st_size > before.st_size)
{
/*
** remove the directory and file
*/
regainrootprivs(); /* get root privs again */
(void) acct(0);
(void) unlink(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);
(void) rmdir(ACCTDIR);
if (! droprootprivs() )
cleanstop(42);
}
}
(void) semop(sematopid, &semrelse, 1);
}
/*
** anyhow close the accounting-file again
*/
(void) close(acctfd); /* close account file again */
acctfd = -1;
supportflags &= ~ACCTACTIVE;
}
/*
** get the number of exited processes written
** in the process-account file since the previous sample
*/
unsigned long
acctprocnt(void)
{
struct stat statacc;
/*
** if accounting not supported, skip call
*/
if (acctfd == -1)
return 0;
/*
** determine the current size of the accounting file
*/
if (fstat(acctfd, &statacc) == -1)
return 0;
/*
** handle atopacctd-based process accounting on bases of
** fixed-chunk shadow files
*/
if (maxshadowrec)
{
unsigned long numrecs = 0;
long newseq;
char shadowpath[128];
FILE *cfp;
/*
** verify how many new processes are added to the current
** shadow file
*/
numrecs = (statacc.st_size - acctsize) / acctrecsz;
#ifdef DEBUGNRPROC
if ((statacc.st_size - acctsize) / acctrecsz > 100000)
{
fprintf(stderr, "atopacctd cur: st_size: %ld, acctsize: %ld\n",
statacc.st_size, acctsize);
}
#endif
/*
** verify if subsequent shadow files are involved
** (i.e. if the current file is full)
*/
if (statacc.st_size / acctrecsz < maxshadowrec)
return numrecs;
/*
** more shadow files available
** get current shadow file
*/
snprintf(shadowpath, sizeof shadowpath, "%s/%s/%s",
pacctdir, PACCTSHADOWD, PACCTSHADOWC);
if ( (cfp = fopen(shadowpath, "r")) )
{
if (fscanf(cfp, "%ld", &newseq) == 1)
{
fclose(cfp);
}
else
{
fclose(cfp);
return numrecs;
}
}
else
{
#ifdef DEBUGNRPROC
if (numrecs > 100000)
{
fprintf(stderr, "atopacctd no shpath: numrecs: %ld\n", numrecs);
}
#endif
return numrecs;
}
if (newseq == curshadowseq)
return numrecs;
snprintf(shadowpath, sizeof shadowpath, PACCTSHADOWF,
pacctdir, PACCTSHADOWD, newseq);
/*
** determine the size of newest shadow file
*/
if (stat(shadowpath, &statacc) == -1)
return numrecs;
numrecs += ((newseq - curshadowseq - 1) * maxshadowrec) +
(statacc.st_size / acctrecsz);
#ifdef DEBUGNRPROC
if (numrecs > 100000)
{
fprintf(stderr, "atopacctd new shpath: numrecs: %ld, newseq: %ld\n", numrecs, newseq);
}
#endif
return numrecs;
}
else
/*
** classic process accounting on bases of directly opened
** process accounting file
*/
{
if (acctsize > statacc.st_size) /* accounting reset? */
{
/*
** reposition to start of file
*/
(void) lseek(acctfd, 0, SEEK_SET);
acctsize = 0;
}
#ifdef DEBUGNRPROC
if ((statacc.st_size - acctsize) / acctrecsz > 100000)
{
fprintf(stderr, "classic: st_size: %ld, acctsize: %ld\n",
statacc.st_size, acctsize);
}
#endif
return (statacc.st_size - acctsize) / acctrecsz;
}
}
/*
** reposition the seek offset in the process accounting file to skip
** processes that have not been read
*/
void
acctrepos(unsigned int noverflow)
{
/*
** if accounting not supported, skip call
*/
if (acctfd == -1)
return;
if (maxshadowrec)
{
int i;
off_t virtoffset = acctsize + noverflow * acctrecsz;
off_t maxshadowsz = maxshadowrec * acctrecsz;
long switches = virtoffset / maxshadowsz;
acctsize = virtoffset % maxshadowsz;
for (i=0; i < switches; i++)
switchshadow();
(void) lseek(acctfd, acctsize, SEEK_SET);
}
else
{
/*
** just reposition to skip superfluous records
*/
(void) lseek(acctfd, noverflow * acctrecsz, SEEK_CUR);
acctsize += noverflow * acctrecsz;
}
}
/*
** read the process records from the process accounting file,
** that are written since the previous cycle
*/
unsigned long
acctphotoproc(struct tstat *accproc, int nrprocs)
{
register int nrexit;
register struct tstat *api;
struct acct acctrec;
struct acct_v3 acctrec_v3;
struct stat statacc;
/*
** if accounting not supported, skip call
*/
if (acctfd == -1)
return 0;
/*
** determine the size of the (current) account file
** and the current offset within that file
*/
if (fstat(acctfd, &statacc) == -1)
return 0;
/*
** check all exited processes in accounting file
*/
for (nrexit=0, api=accproc; nrexit < nrprocs;
nrexit++, api++, acctsize += acctrecsz)
{
/*
** in case of shadow accounting files, we might have to
** switch from the current accounting file to the next
*/
if (maxshadowrec && acctsize >= statacc.st_size)
{
switchshadow();
/*
** determine the size of the new (current) account file
** and initialize the current offset within that file
*/
if (fstat(acctfd, &statacc) == -1)
return 0;
acctsize = 0;
}
/*
** read the next record
*/
switch (acctversion)
{
case 2:
if ( read(acctfd, &acctrec, acctrecsz) < acctrecsz )
break; /* unexpected end of account file */
/*
** fill process info from accounting-record
*/
api->gen.state = 'E';
api->gen.nthr = 1;
api->gen.isproc = 1;
api->gen.pid = 0;
api->gen.tgid = 0;
api->gen.ppid = 0;
api->gen.excode = acctrec.ac_exitcode;
api->gen.ruid = acctrec.ac_uid16;
api->gen.rgid = acctrec.ac_gid16;
api->gen.btime = acctrec.ac_btime;
api->gen.elaps = acctrec.ac_etime;
api->cpu.stime = acctexp(acctrec.ac_stime);
api->cpu.utime = acctexp(acctrec.ac_utime);
api->mem.minflt = acctexp(acctrec.ac_minflt);
api->mem.majflt = acctexp(acctrec.ac_majflt);
api->dsk.rio = acctexp(acctrec.ac_rw);
strcpy(api->gen.name, acctrec.ac_comm);
break;
case 3:
if ( read(acctfd, &acctrec_v3, acctrecsz) < acctrecsz )
break; /* unexpected end of account file */
/*
** fill process info from accounting-record
*/
api->gen.state = 'E';
api->gen.pid = acctrec_v3.ac_pid;
api->gen.tgid = acctrec_v3.ac_pid;
api->gen.ppid = acctrec_v3.ac_ppid;
api->gen.nthr = 1;
api->gen.isproc = 1;
api->gen.excode = acctrec_v3.ac_exitcode;
api->gen.ruid = acctrec_v3.ac_uid;
api->gen.rgid = acctrec_v3.ac_gid;
api->gen.btime = acctrec_v3.ac_btime;
api->gen.elaps = acctrec_v3.ac_etime;
api->cpu.stime = acctexp(acctrec_v3.ac_stime);
api->cpu.utime = acctexp(acctrec_v3.ac_utime);
api->mem.minflt = acctexp(acctrec_v3.ac_minflt);
api->mem.majflt = acctexp(acctrec_v3.ac_majflt);
api->dsk.rio = acctexp(acctrec_v3.ac_rw);
strcpy(api->gen.name, acctrec_v3.ac_comm);
break;
}
}
if (acctsize > ACCTMAXFILESZ && !maxshadowrec)
acctrestarttrial();
return nrexit;
}
/*
** when the size of the private accounting file exceeds a certain limit,
** it might be useful to stop process accounting, truncate the
** process accounting file to zero and start process accounting again
**
** this will only be done if this atop process is the only one
** that is currently using the accounting file
*/
static void
acctrestarttrial()
{
struct stat statacc;
int sematopid;
/*
** not private accounting-file in use?
*/
if (!acctatop)
return; // do not restart
/*
** still remaining records in accounting file that are
** written between the moment that the number of exited
** processes was counted and the moment that all processes
** were read
*/
(void) fstat(acctfd, &statacc);
if (acctsize != statacc.st_size)
return; // do not restart
/*
** claim the semaphore to get exclusive rights for
** the accounting-manipulation
*/
sematopid = semget(ATOPACCTKEY, 0, 0);
(void) semop(sematopid, &semclaim, 1);
/*
** check if there are more users of accounting file
*/
if (semctl(sematopid, 1, GETVAL, 0) < ATOPACCTTOT-1)
{
(void) semop(sematopid, &semrelse, 1);
return; // do not restart
}
/*
** restart is possible
**
** - switch off accounting
** - truncate the file
** - switch on accounting
*/
regainrootprivs(); // get root privs again
(void) acct(0); // switch off accounting
if ( truncate(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE, 0) == 0)
(void) lseek(acctfd, 0, SEEK_SET);
(void) acct(ACCTDIR "/" ACCTFILE);