Refactor .github/workflows/_docker-image.yaml and related workflows

[Matts966]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.:

• We tried to separate amd64/arm64 builds to increase resources (arm64 often failed), but reverted all changes because it was too costly revert: Platform Separation #3192
• To accomplish the issue, we need better ways
• or, refactoring _docker-image.yaml can help

Describe the solution you'd like:

• Separate _docker-image.yaml to build action with a platform argument and unification action

Possibly,

• Use matrix build to summarize all image builds (making retry process easier)
• Make image dependencies clear in the workflow, e.g. all images depend on the syft/buildkit images including themselves

For the original motivation (arm64 stable build),

• Self Hosted Runner can help
• Removing ignored image cache can help

Describe alternatives you've considered:

[mahiro72]

Hi @Matts966 , I'd like to work on this issue!

[Matts966]

@mahiro72
Thank you for your comment!
Currently, we are working on it by #3196, but the status is pending.
If you have any idea or proposal, let me know!