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Valentine Wilson

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Jun 20, 2020

3e892d0 · Jun 20, 2020

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1	name	parent	year	typeface	author	country	type	text	historical_movement	font_name
2	Invention of the printing press		1440	Gutenberg invents the printing press	Johannes Gutenberg�	Germany	movement
3	Black-Letter	Invention of the printing press	1452	Bible Letura	Gutenburg	Germany	movement	Black-Letter is a family of typefaces derivative of the Carolignian miniscule introduced during Charlemagne's rule of the Holy Roman Empire. It was comissioned so the literate class between different regions could read the same Bible. Over time, as literacy increased, so did the demand for books. One foundry could no longer produce all of the books in the region so new operations began. This led to a decrease in standardization and thus the slow mutation from Carolignian miniscule to Black-Letter.	The Rule of Charlemagne	Fraktur
4	Serif	Oldstyle-Serif	1469	Roman	Jensen	Italy	movement
5	Sans-Serif	Invention of the printing press	1748	National Trust	ÊPaul Barnes	UK	movement	The Stourtan family of Wiltshire took trendy Neoclassicism a bit too far when they structured their estate to resemble scenes from Greek Mythology. They equipped their gardens with three temples, a pantheon, and created an artifical lake and path to evoke imagery of Aeneus's descent into the underworld. The first sans-serif font, National Trust, was inscribed into an artificial grotto spelling out the words of the epitath The Nymph of Spring. This is the first recorded occurance of sans-serif script since classical antiquity and it was meant to conjure an image of the time.	Neo-Classicism	Franklin
6	Oldstyle-Serif	Invention of the printing press	1465	Roman	Jensen	Italy	movement	During the Italian Renaissance, Felice Feliciano completed a study on the geometry of Roman inscriptions as a part of the Humanist movement's Roman revival. Shortly after, Nicolas Jensen was inspired by the same Ancient Roman inscriptions and created Roman, the first serif typeface.	The Italian Renaissance	Jensen
7	Transitional-Serif	Serif	1692	Roman du Roi	Louis Simonneau and Phillippe Grandjean	France	movement	The evolution of serifs into transitional typefaces marked the beginning of modern typefaces. This class of typefaces, created during The Enlightenment, show the spirit of the movement in their adherence to Rationalism. Roman du Roi is the epitome of rational design. It favors a strict, logical mapping of each letter to an 8x8 grid.This contrasts with the developement of old style typefaces which gradually developed as they were passed down from engraver to engraver.	The Enlightenment
8	Slab-Serif	Serif	1815	Antique	Vincent Figgins�	UK	movement	Following Napolean's campaign into Egypt in the early 1800s, the West plunged into a fit of Egyptomania. Napolean had brought 167 scholars on his campaign who returned with troves of new information on ancient Egypt. An intense obsession with Egyptian culture followed: people decorated their homes with furniture modeled after Egyptian tombs and wallpaper reminiscent of the walls of an ancient temple. Marketers dubbed slab-serif fonts "Egyptians" despite having little connection to their writing system, and so slab-serif was able to reap the rewards of the trend.	Egyptomania
9	Didone-Serif	Transitional-Serif	1784	Didot	Firmin Didot	France	movement	As factories perfected mass produced type, the modern poster advertisement became increasingly popular. The pinncale of Didone type use occurred in the 1850s when advertisors needed a bold, eye-catching type legible from a distance.	The Industrial Revolution	Bodoni
10	Grotesque	Sans-Serif	1816	�Two Lines English Egyptian	William Caslon IV	UK	movement	First dubbed "Grotesque" by the typography world due to it's lack of serifs and unbalanced nature, the early sans-serif types were soon championed by Bauhaus as a part of their Art Nouveau Movement. They favored sans-serif fonts as their simplified forms were more applicable and useful than old ornamental fonts. They cared more about the clairity of the message than typography as an art form.	Art Nouveau Movement
11	Neo-grotesque	Grotesque	1957	Helvetica, Univers, Folio		Switzerland	movement	Emerging in the 1950s, Neo-grotesque type emphasized objectivity and neutrality. It was a reaction to the previous style to create "beauty for the sake of beauty" instead of valuing the function of type. This became increasingly important post-WWII as countries sought stronger, trade-focused relationships. International communication needed neutral glyphs which did not associate with a particular culture. Neo-grotesque typography filled this need by abiding by International Typographic Style.	International Typographic Style
12	Geometric	Sans-Serif	1925	Erbar	Jakob Erbar	Germany	movement	It wasn't until the 1970s that the perfect circle and square figures of geometric type became popular. With the invention of computers and the beginning of the space age, Futura and other geometric typefaces became associated with technological innovation. Futura was even the first typeface to make it to the moon aboard Apollo 11.	The Computer Age
13	Humanist	Sans-Serif	1916	Johnston	Edward Johnston	UK	movement	Traditionally used to describe the calligraphic typefaces created during the Renaissance, a Humanist revival occurred in the early 1900s as a backlash against the geometric designs popular in its day. Humanist designs were incredibly popular in the 1980s and 90s as a result of the invention of the computer. Low resolutions screens needed legible typefaces and humanist designs proved to be some of the easiest to read.	The Renaissance
14	Baskerville	Transitional-Serif	1757	Baskerville	John Baskerville	UK	typeface
15	Didot	Didone-Serif	1784	Didot	Firmon Didot	France	typeface
16	Bodoni	Didone-Serif	1790	Bodoni	Giambattista Bodoni	Italy	typeface
17	Helvetica,	Neo-grotesque	1957	Helvetica,	Max Miedinger	Switzerland	typeface
18	Univers	Neo-grotesque	1957	Univers	Adrian Frutiger	France	typeface
19	Folio	Neo-grotesque	1957	Folio	Konrad Bauer�and�Walter Baum�	Germany	typeface
20	Times New Roman	Transitional-Serif	1931	Times New Roman	Stanley Morison	UK	typeface
21	Akzidenz Grotesk	Grotesque	1896	Akzidenz Grotesk	Brethold�Type Foundry	Germany	typeface
22	Gotham	Geometric	2000	Gotham	Hoefler�and Frere- Jones	US	typeface
23	Futura	Geometric	1927	Futura	Paul Renner	Germany	typeface
24	Gill Sans	Humanist	1928	Gill Sans	Eric Gill�	UK	typeface
25	Frutiger	Humanist	1977	Frutiger	Adrian Frutiger	France	typeface
26	Bembo	Oldstyle-Serif	1929	Bembo	Stanley Morison	UK	typeface
27	Rockwell	Slab-Serif	1934	Rockwell	Monotype Foundry	US	typeface
28	Franklin Gothic	Grotesque	1903	Franklin Gothic	Morris Fuller Benton	US	typeface
29	Sabon	Oldstyle-Serif	1966	Sabon	Jan�Tschichold	Switzerland	typeface
30	Georgia	Scotch-Roman	1993	Georgia	Matthew Carter	US	typeface
31	Garamond	Oldstyle-Serif	1530	Garamond	Claude Garamond	France	typeface
32	News Gothic	Grotesque	1908	News Gothic	Morris Fuller Benton	US	typeface
33	Myriad	Humanist	1992	Myriad	Robert�Slimbach, Carol�Twombly, Christopher�Slye�and Fred Brady	US	typeface
34	Civilite	Script	1536	Civilite	Robert Granjon	France	typeface
35	Scotch-Roman	Didone-Serif	1813	Pica No. 2�	William Miller	UK	movement
36	Italic	Script	1500	Italic	Aldus Manutius	Italy	typeface
37	Caledonia	Scotch-Roman	1938	Caledonia	�William Addison Dwiggins�	US	typeface
38	Miller	Scotch-Roman	1997	Miller	Font Bureau	US	typeface
39	Bank Gothic	Geometric	1930	Bank Gothic	�Morris Fuller Benton	US	typeface
40	DIN 1451	Geometric	1931	DIN 1451	DIN Insitute	Germany	typeface
41	Eurostile	Geometric	1962	Eurostile	�Aldo Novarese	Italy	typeface
42	Handel Gothic	Geometric	1965	Handel Gothic	Donald J. Handel	US	typeface
43	Optima	Humanist	1958	Optima	�Hermann Zapf	Germany	typeface
44	Calibri	Humanist	2007	Calibri	�Luc(as) de Groot (Microsoft)	US	typeface
45	Verdana	Humanist	1996	Verdana	Matthew Carter (Microsoft)	US	typeface
46	Tahoma	Humanist	1994	Tahoma	Matthew Carter (Microsoft)	US	typeface
47	Roboto	Neo-grotesque	2011	Robto	Christian Robertson (Google)	US	typeface
48	San Francisco	Neo-grotesque	2014	San Francisco	Apple	US	typeface
49	Rail Alphabet	Neo-grotesque	1965	Rail Alphabet	Margaret Calvert,�Jock Kinneir	UK	typeface
50	Unica	Neo-grotesque	1980	Unica	Team_�77 (Andr� G�rtler, Christian Mengelt and Erich Gschwind	Switzerland	typeface
51	Courier	Slab-Serif	1956	Courier	Howard "Bud" Kettler	US	typeface
52	Memphis	Slab-Serif	1929	Memphis	Dr. Rudolf Wolf	Germany	typeface
53	Clarendon	Slab-Serif	1845	Clarendon	Robert Besley	UK	typeface
54	Venus	Grotesque	1907	Venus	�Bauer Type Foundry	Germany	typeface
55	Monotype Grotesuq	Grotesque	1926	Monotype Grotesuq	Frank Hinman Pierpont	UK	typeface
56	Grotesque No. 9	Grotesque	1906	Grotesque No. 9	�Stephenson Blake	UK	typeface
57	Walbaum	Didone-Serif	1800	Walbaum	Justus Erich Walbaum	Germany	typeface
58	Computer Modern	Didone-Serif	1992	Computer Modern	Donald Knuth	US	typeface
59	Century	Scotch-Roman	1894	Century	Linn Boyd Benton	US	typeface
60	Script	Invention of the printing press	1500	Italics	Aldus Manutius	Italy	movement	The Script family of typefaces was first created by Aldus Manutius to imitate the cursive style of handwriting used in book-making at the time. The name Italics is a homage to the home of the typeface where it was used for small portable books that Roman type would not fit easily.	The Humanist Movement	Griffo
61	Arial	Neo-grotesque	1982	Arial	Robin Nicholas Patricia Saunders	US	typeface
62	Impact	Grotesque	1965	Impact	Geoffrey Lee	US	typeface
63	Trebuchet	Humanist	1996	Trebuchet	Vincent Connare (Microsoft)	US	typeface
64	Cambria	Transitional-Serif	2004	Cambria	Jelle Bosma (Microsoft)	US	typeface
65	Comic Sans	Script	1994	Comic Sans	Vincent Connare (Microsoft)	US	typeface
66	Papyrus	Script	1982	Papyrus	Chris Costello	UK	typeface
67	Chalkboard	Script	2003	Chalkboard	Apple	US	typeface
68	OS						movement	The Open Source Type movement began in the 1990s and now boasts it's own foundaries and over 5,000 typefaces. They believe in making typography an accesible field by providing free typefaces beginners can learn from. The movement became increasingly popular when web browsers started allowing developers to use embedded fonts rather than select from a small list of web fonts. I used open source fonts extensively in this project for the movement titles.	The Open Source Movement
69	Fraktur	Black-Letter	1515			Germany	movement	Antiqua and Fraktur were the most common German typefaces and were traditionally used for different texts. This changed in 1806 following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the emphasis of nationalist German cultural values in the area of deisgn. Antiqua at this time was deemed "un-German" while the depth and seriousness of Fraktur exemplified classical German virtues. This debate continued into the 20th century when the Nazi party used Fraktur in their writing until the Ministry of Propaganda decided German-occupied countries had difficulty understanding Fraktur. Thus, Antiqua became popular for the Nazis and Fraktur was outlawed.	Antiqua-Fraktur Debate	Fraktur
70	Schwabacher	Black-Letter	1472			Germany	movement
71	Textualis	Black-Letter	1455	Gutenberg		Germany	movement
72	Antiqua	Black-Letter	1470			Germany	movement
73	Officina	Slab-Serif	1990		Erik Spiekermann	Germany	typeface
74	Interstate	Neo-grotesque	1993		Tobias Frere-Jones	US	typeface
75	Thesis	Humanist	1994		Lucas de Groot	Germany	typeface
76	Meta	Humanist	1991		Erik Spiekermann	Germany	typeface
77	TrinitŽ	Humanist	1982		Bram De Does	Netherlands	typeface
78	DIN	Sans-Serif	1926		Ludwig Goller	Germany	typeface
79	Matrix	Didone-Serif	1986		Zuzana Licko	US	typeface
80	OCR	Sans-Serif	1965		American Type Founders	US	typeface
81	Avant Garde	Geometric	1968		Herb Lubalin	US	typeface
82	Lucida	Humanist	1985		Chris Holmes / Charles Bigelow	US	typeface
83	Zapfino	Script	1998		Hermann Zapf	US	typeface
84	Letter Gothic	Humanist	1956		Roger Roberson	US	typeface
85	Stone	Humanist	1987		Sumner Stone	US	typeface
86	Arnhem	Transitional-Serif	1998		Fred Smeijers	Netherlands	typeface
87	Minion	Oldstyle-Serif	1990		Robert Slimbach	US	typeface
88	Les grecs du roiÊ	Oldstyle-Serif	1541		Claude Garamond	France	typeface
89	Rotis	Humanist	1988		Olt Aicher	Germany	typeface
90	Scala	Humanist	1991		Martin Majoor	Netherlands	typeface
91	Syntax	Humanist	1968		Hans Eduard Meier	Swiss	typeface
92	Joanna	Transitional-Serif	1930		Eric Gill	US	typeface
93	Fleishmann	Slab-Serif	1997		Erhard Kaiser	Netherlands	typeface
94	Palatino	Oldstyle-Serif	1950		Hermann Zapf	US	typeface
95	Fedra	Humanist	2002		Peter Bil'ak	Netherlands	typeface
96	Lexicon	Oldstyle-Serif	1992		Bram De Does	Netherlands	typeface
97	Hands	Script	1991		Letterror	Netherlands	typeface
98	Metro	Humanist	1929		W. A. Dwiggins	US	typeface
99	Formata	Humanist	1984		Bernd MšllenstŠdt	Germany	typeface
100	Caslon	Transitional-Serif	1725		William Caslon	UK	typeface
101	Cooper Black	Oldstyle-Serif	1920		Oswald B. Cooper	US	typeface
102	Peignot	Sans-Serif	1937		A. M. Cassandre	France	typeface
103	Bell Gothic	Grotesque	1938		Chauncey H. Griffith	US	typeface
104	Antique Olive	Humanist	1962		Roger Excoffon	France	typeface
105	Wilhelm Klingspor Gotisch	Black-Letter	1926		Rudolf Koch	Germany	typeface
106	Info	Neo-grotesque	1996		Erik Spiekermann	Germany	typeface
107	Dax	Humanist	1995		Hans Reichel	Germany	typeface
108	Proforma	Oldstyle-Serif	1988		Petr van Blokland	Netherlands	typeface
109	Today Sans	Humanist	1988		Volker KŸster	Germany	typeface
110	Prokyon	Neo-grotesque	2002		Erhard Kaiser	Netherlands	typeface
111	Trade Gothic	Grotesque	1948		Jackson Burke	US	typeface
112	Swift	Didone-Serif	1987		Gerard Unger	Netherlands	typeface
113	Copperplate Gothic	Grotesque	1901		Frederic W. Goudy	US	typeface
114	Blur	Neo-grotesque	1992		Neville Brody	UK	typeface
115	Base	Didone-Serif	1995		Zuzana Licko	US	typeface
116	Bell Centennial	Neo-grotesque	1978		Matthew Carter	US	typeface
117	Avenir	Geometric	1988		Adrian Frutiger	US	typeface
118	Bernhard Modern	Serif	1937		Lucian Bernhard	US	typeface
119	Amplitude	Grotesque	2003		Christian Schwartz	US	typeface
120	Trixie	Serif	1991		Erik van Blokland	Netherlands	typeface
121	Quadrat	Oldstyle-Serif	1992		Fred Smeijers	Netherlands	typeface
122	Neutraface	Geometric	2002		Christian Schwartz	US	typeface
123	Nobel	Geometric	1929		Sjoerd de Roos	Netherlands	typeface
124	Industria	Neo-grotesque	1990		Neville Brody	UK	typeface
125	Bickham Script	Script	1997		Richard Lipton	US	typeface
126	Corporate ASE	Slab-Serif	1989		Kurt Weidemann	Germany	typeface
127	Fago	Humanist	2000		Ole Schafer	Germany	typeface
128	Kabel	Geometric	1927		Rudolf Koch	Germany	typeface
129	House Gothic 23	Neo-grotesque	1995		Tal Leming	US	typeface
130	Kosmik	Neo-grotesque	1993		Erik van Blokland	Netherlands	typeface
131	Caecilia	Slab-Serif	1990		Peter Matthias Noordzij	Netherlands	typeface
132	Reporter	Script	1938		Carlos Winkow	Germany	typeface
133	Gothic No. 13	Scotch-Roman	1856		Linotype	US	typeface
134	Bell	Transitional-Serif	1788		Richard Austin	UK	typeface
135	Bulmer	Transitional-Serif	1790		William Martin	US	typeface
136	Caslon Antique/Fifteenth Century	Serif	1894		Berne Nadall	US	typeface
137	Cheltenham	Transitional-Serif	1896		ÊBertram GoodhueÊandÊIngalls Kimball	US	typeface