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<meta name="description" content=" Singularity Pull Singularity pull is the command that you would want to use to communicate with a container registry. The command does exactly as it says - there exists an image external to my host, and I want to pull it here. We currently support pull for both Docker and Singularity Hub images, and will review usage for both.Singularity HubSingularity differs from Docker in that we serve entire images, as opposed to layers. This means that pulling a Singularity Hub means downloading the entire (compressed) container file, and then having it extract on your local machine. The basic command is the following:singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-worldProgress |===================================| 100.0% Done. Container is at: ./vsoch-hello-world-master.imgHow do tags work?On Singularity Hub, a tag coincide with a branch. So if you have a repo called vsoch/hello-world, by default the file called Singularity (your build recipe file) will be looked for in the base of the master branch. The command that we issued above would be equivalent to doing:singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-world:masterTo enable other branches to build, they must be turned on in your collection (more details are available in the Singularity Hub docs). If you then put another Singularity file in a branch called development, you would pull it as follows:singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-world:developmentThe term latest in Singularity Hub will pull, across all of your branches, the most recent image. If development is more recent than master, it would be pulled, for example.Image NamesAs you can see, since we didn’t specify anything special, the default naming convention is to use the username, reponame, and the branch (tag). You have three options for changing this:PULL OPTIONS: -n/--name Specify a custom container name (first priority) -C/--commit Name container based on Github commit (second priority) -H/--hash Name container based on file hash (second priority)Custom Namesingularity pull --name meatballs.img shub://vsoch/hello-worldProgress |===================================| 100.0% Done. Container is at: ./meatballs.imgName by commitEach container build on Singularity Hub is associated with the Github commit of the repo that was used to build it. You can specify to name your container based on the commit with the --commit flag, if, for example, you want to match containers to their build files:singularity pull --commit shub://vsoch/hello-worldProgress |===================================| 100.0% Done. Container is at: ./4187993b8b44cbfa51c7e38e6b527918fcdf0470.imgName by hashIf you prefer the hash of the file itself, you can do that too.singularity pull --hash shub://vsoch/hello-worldProgress |===================================| 100.0% Done. Container is at: ./4db5b0723cfd378e332fa4806dd79e31.imgPull to different folderFor any of the above, if you want to specify a different folder for your image, you can define the variable SINGULARITY_PULLFOLDER. By default, we will first check if you have the SINGULARITY_CACHEDIR defined, and pull images there. If not, we look for SINGULARITY_PULLFOLDER. If neither of these are defined, the image is pulled to the present working directory, as we showed above. Here is an example of pulling to /tmp.SINGULARITY_PULLFOLDER=/tmpsingularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-worldProgress |===================================| 100.0% Done. Container is at: /tmp/vsoch-hello-world-master.imgDockerDocker pull is similar (on the surface) to a Singularity Hub pull, and we would do the following:singularity pull docker://ubuntuInitializing Singularity image subsystemOpening image file: ubuntu.imgCreating 223MiB imageBinding image to loopCreating file system within imageImage is done: ubuntu.imgDocker image path: index.docker.io/library/ubuntu:latestCache folder set to /home/vanessa/.singularity/dockerImporting: base Singularity environmentImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:b6f892c0043b37bd1834a4a1b7d68fe6421c6acbc7e7e63a4527e1d379f92c1b.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:55010f332b047687e081a9639fac04918552c144bc2da4edb3422ce8efcc1fb1.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:2955fb827c947b782af190a759805d229cfebc75978dba2d01b4a59e6a333845.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:3deef3fcbd3072b45771bd0d192d4e5ff2b7310b99ea92bce062e01097953505.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:cf9722e506aada1109f5c00a9ba542a81c9e109606c01c81f5991b1f93de7b66.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/metadata/sha256:fe44851d529f465f9aa107b32351c8a0a722fc0619a2a7c22b058084fac068a4.tar.gzDone. Container is at: ubuntu.imgIf you specify the tag, the image would be named accordingly (eg, ubuntu-latest.img). Did you notice that the output looks similar to if we did the following?singularity create ubuntu.imgsingularity import ubuntu.img docker://ubuntuthis is because the same logic is happening on the back end. Thus, the pull command with a docker uri also supports arguments --size and --name Here is how I would pull an ubuntu image, but make it bigger, and name it something else.singularity pull --size 2000 --name jellybelly.img docker://ubuntuInitializing Singularity image subsystemOpening image file: jellybelly.imgCreating 2000MiB imageBinding image to loopCreating file system within imageImage is done: jellybelly.imgDocker image path: index.docker.io/library/ubuntu:latestCache folder set to /home/vanessa/.singularity/dockerImporting: base Singularity environmentImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:b6f892c0043b37bd1834a4a1b7d68fe6421c6acbc7e7e63a4527e1d379f92c1b.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:55010f332b047687e081a9639fac04918552c144bc2da4edb3422ce8efcc1fb1.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:2955fb827c947b782af190a759805d229cfebc75978dba2d01b4a59e6a333845.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:3deef3fcbd3072b45771bd0d192d4e5ff2b7310b99ea92bce062e01097953505.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:cf9722e506aada1109f5c00a9ba542a81c9e109606c01c81f5991b1f93de7b66.tar.gzImporting: /home/vanessa/.singularity/metadata/sha256:fe44851d529f465f9aa107b32351c8a0a722fc0619a2a7c22b058084fac068a4.tar.gzDone. Container is at: jellybelly.img Previous Next Edit me Site last generated: Jul 26, 2017 ">
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<p>Singularity <code class="highlighter-rouge">pull</code> is the command that you would want to use to communicate with a container registry. The command does exactly as it says - there exists an image external to my host, and I want to pull it here. We currently support pull for both <a href="https://hub.docker.com/" target="_blank">Docker</a> and <a href="https://singularity-hub.org" target="_blank">Singularity Hub</a> images, and will review usage for both.</p>
<h2 id="singularity-hub">Singularity Hub</h2>
<p>Singularity differs from Docker in that we serve entire images, as opposed to layers. This means that pulling a Singularity Hub means downloading the entire (compressed) container file, and then having it extract on your local machine. The basic command is the following:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-world
Progress |===================================| 100.0%
Done. Container is at: ./vsoch-hello-world-master.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="how-do-tags-work">How do tags work?</h3>
<p>On Singularity Hub, a <code class="highlighter-rouge">tag</code> coincide with a branch. So if you have a repo called <code class="highlighter-rouge">vsoch/hello-world</code>, by default the file called <code class="highlighter-rouge">Singularity</code> (your build recipe file) will be looked for in the base of the master branch. The command that we issued above would be equivalent to doing:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-world:master
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>To enable other branches to build, they must be turned on in your collection (more details are available in the <a href="https://singularity-hub.org/faq" target="_blank">Singularity Hub docs</a>). If you then put another <code class="highlighter-rouge">Singularity</code> file in a branch called development, you would pull it as follows:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-world:development
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>The term <code class="highlighter-rouge">latest</code> in Singularity Hub will pull, across all of your branches, the most recent image. If <code class="highlighter-rouge">development</code> is more recent than <code class="highlighter-rouge">master</code>, it would be pulled, for example.</p>
<h3 id="image-names">Image Names</h3>
<p>As you can see, since we didn’t specify anything special, the default naming convention is to use the username, reponame, and the branch (tag). You have three options for changing this:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>PULL OPTIONS:
-n/--name Specify a custom container name (first priority)
-C/--commit Name container based on Github commit (second priority)
-H/--hash Name container based on file hash (second priority)
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="custom-name">Custom Name</h3>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull --name meatballs.img shub://vsoch/hello-world
Progress |===================================| 100.0%
Done. Container is at: ./meatballs.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="name-by-commit">Name by commit</h3>
<p>Each container build on Singularity Hub is associated with the Github commit of the repo that was used to build it. You can specify to name your container based on the commit with the <code class="highlighter-rouge">--commit</code> flag, if, for example, you want to match containers to their build files:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull --commit shub://vsoch/hello-world
Progress |===================================| 100.0%
Done. Container is at: ./4187993b8b44cbfa51c7e38e6b527918fcdf0470.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="name-by-hash">Name by hash</h3>
<p>If you prefer the hash of the file itself, you can do that too.</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull --hash shub://vsoch/hello-world
Progress |===================================| 100.0%
Done. Container is at: ./4db5b0723cfd378e332fa4806dd79e31.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="pull-to-different-folder">Pull to different folder</h3>
<p>For any of the above, if you want to specify a different folder for your image, you can define the variable <code class="highlighter-rouge">SINGULARITY_PULLFOLDER</code>. By default, we will first check if you have the <code class="highlighter-rouge">SINGULARITY_CACHEDIR</code> defined, and pull images there. If not, we look for <code class="highlighter-rouge">SINGULARITY_PULLFOLDER</code>. If neither of these are defined, the image is pulled to the present working directory, as we showed above. Here is an example of pulling to <code class="highlighter-rouge">/tmp</code>.</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>SINGULARITY_PULLFOLDER=/tmp
singularity pull shub://vsoch/hello-world
Progress |===================================| 100.0%
Done. Container is at: /tmp/vsoch-hello-world-master.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<h2 id="docker">Docker</h2>
<p>Docker pull is similar (on the surface) to a Singularity Hub pull, and we would do the following:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull docker://ubuntu
Initializing Singularity image subsystem
Opening image file: ubuntu.img
Creating 223MiB image
Binding image to loop
Creating file system within image
Image is done: ubuntu.img
Docker image path: index.docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest
Cache folder set to /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker
Importing: base Singularity environment
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:b6f892c0043b37bd1834a4a1b7d68fe6421c6acbc7e7e63a4527e1d379f92c1b.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:55010f332b047687e081a9639fac04918552c144bc2da4edb3422ce8efcc1fb1.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:2955fb827c947b782af190a759805d229cfebc75978dba2d01b4a59e6a333845.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:3deef3fcbd3072b45771bd0d192d4e5ff2b7310b99ea92bce062e01097953505.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:cf9722e506aada1109f5c00a9ba542a81c9e109606c01c81f5991b1f93de7b66.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/metadata/sha256:fe44851d529f465f9aa107b32351c8a0a722fc0619a2a7c22b058084fac068a4.tar.gz
Done. Container is at: ubuntu.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>If you specify the tag, the image would be named accordingly (eg, <code class="highlighter-rouge">ubuntu-latest.img</code>). Did you notice that the output looks similar to if we did the following?</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity create ubuntu.img
singularity import ubuntu.img docker://ubuntu
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>this is because the same logic is happening on the back end. Thus, the pull command with a docker uri also supports arguments <code class="highlighter-rouge">--size</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">--name</code> Here is how I would pull an ubuntu image, but make it bigger, and name it something else.</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>singularity pull --size 2000 --name jellybelly.img docker://ubuntu
Initializing Singularity image subsystem
Opening image file: jellybelly.img
Creating 2000MiB image
Binding image to loop
Creating file system within image
Image is done: jellybelly.img
Docker image path: index.docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest
Cache folder set to /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker
Importing: base Singularity environment
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:b6f892c0043b37bd1834a4a1b7d68fe6421c6acbc7e7e63a4527e1d379f92c1b.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:55010f332b047687e081a9639fac04918552c144bc2da4edb3422ce8efcc1fb1.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:2955fb827c947b782af190a759805d229cfebc75978dba2d01b4a59e6a333845.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:3deef3fcbd3072b45771bd0d192d4e5ff2b7310b99ea92bce062e01097953505.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/docker/sha256:cf9722e506aada1109f5c00a9ba542a81c9e109606c01c81f5991b1f93de7b66.tar.gz
Importing: /home/vanessa/.singularity/metadata/sha256:fe44851d529f465f9aa107b32351c8a0a722fc0619a2a7c22b058084fac068a4.tar.gz
Done. Container is at: jellybelly.img
</code></pre>
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