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Awesome Hallucination Papers in MLLMs

A curated list of papers about hallucination in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs)

Survey Papers

This section collects the survey papers about MLLM's hallucination.

  • A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/04

Hallucination Evaluation

This section collects the benchmark papers on evaluating MLLM's hallucination.

  • Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    EMNLP 2023

  • HallusionBench: You See What You Think? Or You Think What You See? An Image-Context Reasoning Benchmark Challenging for GPT-4V(ision), LLaVA-1.5, and Other Multi-modality Models [paper] [code]

    CVPR 2024

  • Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHF [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/09

  • An LLM-free Multi-dimensional Benchmark for MLLMs Hallucination Evaluation [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/11

  • Holistic Analysis of Hallucination in GPT-4V(ision): Bias and Interference Challenges [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/11

  • Hallucination Benchmark in Medical Visual Question Answering [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/01

  • The Instinctive Bias: Spurious Images lead to Hallucination in MLLMs [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Unified Hallucination Detection for Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Visual Hallucinations of Multi-modal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Hal-Eval: A Universal and Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation Framework for Large Vision Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • PhD: A Prompted Visual Hallucination Evaluation Dataset [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Unsolvable Problem Detection: Evaluating Trustworthiness of Vision Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/04

  • THRONE: An Object-based Hallucination Benchmark for the Free-form Generations of Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • Evaluating the Quality of Hallucination Benchmarks for Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • HaloQuest: A Visual Hallucination Dataset for Advancing Multimodal Reasoning [paper][code]

    Arxiv 2024/07

  • Hallu-PI: Evaluating Hallucination in Multi-modal Large Language Models within Perturbed Inputs [paper][code]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • VideoHallucer: Evaluating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hallucinations in Large Video-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Reefknot: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Relation Hallucination Evaluation, Analysis and Mitigation in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • PhD: A Prompted Visual Hallucination Evaluation Dataset [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Understanding Multimodal Hallucination with Parameter-Free Representation Alignment (Pfram) [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • Pre-Training Multimodal Hallucination Detectors with Corrupted Grounding Data [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • Explore the Hallucination on Low-level Perception for MLLMs [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • ODE: Open-Set Evaluation of Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • FIHA: Autonomous Hallucination Evaluation in Vision-Language Models with Davidson Scene Graphs [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • EventHallusion: Diagnosing Event Hallucinations in Video LLMs [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • AUTOHALLUSION: Automatic Generation of Hallucination Benchmarks for Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Automatically Generating Visual Hallucination Test Cases for Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • LongHalQA: Long-Context Hallucination Evaluation for MultiModal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • The Curse of Multi-Modalities: Evaluating Hallucinations of Large Multimodal Models across Language, Visual, and Audio [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • AVHBench: A Cross-Modal Hallucination Benchmark for Audio-Visual Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • UNIFIED TRIPLET-LEVEL HALLUCINATION EVALUATION FOR LARGE VISION-LANGUAGE MODELS [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • H-POPE: Hierarchical Polling-based Probing Evaluation of Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • VL-Uncertainty: Detecting Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Model via Uncertainty Estimation [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • ViBe: A Text-to-Video Benchmark for Evaluating Hallucination in Large Multimodal Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/11

Hallucination Mitigation

This section collects the papers on mitigating the MLLM's hallucination.

  • Mitigating Hallucination in Large Multi-Modal Models via Robust Instruction Tuning [paper] [code]

    ICLR 2024

  • Analyzing and Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    ICLR 2024

  • VIGC: Visual Instruction Generation and Correction [paper][code]

    AAAI 2024

  • OPERA: Alleviating Hallucination in Multi-Modal Large Language Models via Over-Trust Penalty and Retrospection-Allocation [paper] [code]

    CVPR 2024

  • Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decoding [paper] [code]

    CVPR 2024

  • Hallucination Augmented Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Large Language Model [paper]

    CVPR 2024

  • RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedback [paper] [code]

    CVPR 2024

  • Detecting and Preventing Hallucinations in Large Vision Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2023/08

  • Evaluation and Analysis of Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models [paper][code]

    Arxiv 2023/08

  • CIEM: Contrastive Instruction Evaluation Method for Better Instruction Tuning [paper]

    Arxiv 2023/09

  • Evaluation and Mitigation of Agnosia in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2023/09

  • Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHF [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/09

  • HallE-Switch: Rethinking and Controlling Object Existence Hallucinations in Large Vision Language Models for Detailed Caption [paper]

    Arxiv 2023/10

  • Woodpecker: Hallucination Correction for Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/10

  • HalluciDoctor: Mitigating Hallucinatory Toxicity in Visual Instruction Data [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/11

  • VOLCANO: Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination through Self-Feedback Guided Revision [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/11

  • Beyond Hallucinations: Enhancing LVLMs through Hallucination-Aware Direct Preference Optimization [paper]

    Arxiv 2023/11

  • Mitigating Hallucination in Visual Language Models with Visual Supervision [paper]

    Arxiv 2023/11

  • Mitigating Fine-Grained Hallucination by Fine-Tuning Large Vision-Language Models with Caption Rewrites [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/12

  • MOCHa: Multi-Objective Reinforcement Mitigating Caption Hallucinations [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2023/12

  • Temporal Insight Enhancement: Mitigating Temporal Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/01

  • On the Audio Hallucinations in Large Audio-Video Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/01

  • Skip \n: A simple method to reduce hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Unified Hallucination Detection for Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Classifier-Free Guidance [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • EFUF: Efficient Fine-grained Unlearning Framework for Mitigating Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Logical Closed Loop: Uncovering Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Less is More: Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination from an EOS Decision Perspective [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • Seeing is Believing: Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via CLIP-Guided Decoding [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • IBD: Alleviating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Image-Biased Decoding [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/02

  • HALC: Object Hallucination Reduction via Adaptive Focal-Contrast Decoding [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Evaluating and Mitigating Number Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models: A Consistency Perspective [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Debiasing Large Visual Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • AIGCs Confuse AI Too: Investigating and Explaining Synthetic Image-induced Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • What if...?: Counterfactual Inception to Mitigate Hallucination Effects in Large Multimodal Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Multi-Modal Hallucination Control by Visual Information Grounding [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Pensieve: Retrospect-then-Compare Mitigates Visual Hallucination [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Hallucination Detection in Foundation Models for Decision-Making: A Flexible Definition and Review of the State of the Art [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Cartoon Hallucinations Detection: Pose-aware In Context Visual Learning [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Visual Hallucination: Definition, Quantification, and Prescriptive Remediations [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Exploiting Semantic Reconstruction to Mitigate Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models with Instruction Contrastive Decoding [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/03

  • Automated Multi-level Preference for MLLMs [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • CrossCheckGPT: Universal Hallucination Ranking for Multimodal Foundation Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • VDGD: Mitigating LVLM Hallucinations in Cognitive Prompts by Bridging the Visual Perception Gap [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • Alleviating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Hallucination-Induced Optimization [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • Mitigating Dialogue Hallucination for Large Vision Language Models via Adversarial Instruction Tuning [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • RITUAL: Random Image Transformations as a Universal Anti-hallucination Lever in LVLMs [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • MetaToken: Detecting Hallucination in Image Descriptions by Meta Classification [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • Mitigating Object Hallucination via Data Augmented Contrastive Tuning [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/05

  • NoiseBoost: Alleviating Hallucination with Noise Perturbation for Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • CODE: Contrasting Self-generated Description to Combat Hallucination in Large Multi-modal Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Understanding Sounds, Missing the Questions: The Challenge of Object Hallucination in Large Audio-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Detecting and Evaluating Medical Hallucinations in Large Vision Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • AUTOHALLUSION: Automatic Generation of Hallucination Benchmarks for Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Hallucination Mitigation Prompts Long-term Video Understanding [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Do More Details Always Introduce More Hallucinations in LVLM-based Image Captioning? [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Does Object Grounding Really Reduce Hallucination of Large Vision-Language Models? [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • VGA: Vision GUI Assistant - Minimizing Hallucinations through Image-Centric Fine-Tuning [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • AGLA: Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models with Assembly of Global and Local Attention [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Evaluating and Analyzing Relationship Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Pelican: Correcting Hallucination in Vision-LLMs via Claim Decomposition and Program of Thought Verification [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/06

  • Multi-Object Hallucination in Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/07

  • Reflective Instruction Tuning: Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/07

  • BEAF: Observing BEfore-AFter Changes to Evaluate Hallucination in Vision-language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/07

  • Interpreting and Mitigating Hallucination in MLLMs through Multi-agent Debate [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/07

  • Paying More Attention to Image: A Training-Free Method for Alleviating Hallucination in LVLMs [paper][code]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Mitigating Multilingual Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Alleviating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models with Active Retrieval Augmentation [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Self-Introspective Decoding: Alleviating Hallucinations for Large Vision-Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) via Language-Contrastive Decoding (LCD) [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Reference-free Hallucination Detection for Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Negative Object Presence Evaluation (NOPE) to Measure Object Hallucination in Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • CLIP-DPO: Vision-Language Models as a Source of Preference for Fixing Hallucinations in LVLMs [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • ConVis: Contrastive Decoding with Hallucination Visualization for Mitigating Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Look, Compare, Decide: Alleviating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Multi-View Multi-Path Reasoning [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/08

  • Mitigating Hallucination in Visual-Language Models via Re-Balancing Contrastive Decoding [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • EventHallusion: Diagnosing Event Hallucinations in Video LLMs [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • A Unified Hallucination Mitigation Framework for Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • HELPD: Mitigating Hallucination of LVLMs by Hierarchical Feedback Learning with Vision-enhanced Penalty Decoding [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/09

  • INTERPRETING AND EDITING VISION-LANGUAGE REPRESENTATIONS TO MITIGATE HALLUCINATIONS [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Look Twice Before You Answer: Memory-Space Visual Retracing for Hallucination Mitigation in Multimodal Large Language Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Investigating and Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Pretrained Vision-Language (CLIP) Models [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Exploiting Semantic Reconstruction to Mitigate Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Mitigating Modality Prior-Induced Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models via Deciphering Attention Causality [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • DAMRO: Dive into the Attention Mechanism of LVLM to Reduce Object Hallucination [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • From Pixels to Tokens: Revisiting Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Data-augmented phrase-level alignment for mitigating object hallucination [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Visual Description Grounding Reduces Hallucinations and Boosts Reasoning in LVLMs [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Magnifier Prompt: Tackling Multimodal Hallucination via Extremely Simple Instructions [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • MLLM can see? Dynamic Correction Decoding for Hallucination Mitigation [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Summary-Guided Decoding [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Mitigating Object Hallucination via Concentric Causal Attention [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • Can Large Audio-Language Models Truly Hear? Tackling Hallucinations with Multi-Task Assessment and Stepwise Audio Reasoning [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/10

  • V-DPO: Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Vision-Guided Direct Preference Optimization [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • Mitigating Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Model via Hallucination-targeted Direct Preference Optimization [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • Seeing Clearly by Layer Two: Enhancing Attention Heads to Alleviate Hallucination in LVLMs [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • Thinking Before Looking: Improving Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Mitigating Visual Hallucination [paper] [code]

    Arxiv 2024/11

  • CATCH: Complementary Adaptive Token-level Contrastive Decoding to Mitigate Hallucinations in LVLMs [paper]

    Arxiv 2024/11

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