-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 16
/
Copy pathggplot2-cheatsheet.html
575 lines (537 loc) · 56.1 KB
/
ggplot2-cheatsheet.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ggplot2 Quick Reference</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="Description" content="R Language Tutorials for Advanced Statistics">
<meta name="Keywords" content="R, Tutorial, Machine learning, Statistics, Data Mining, Analytics, Data science, Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Time series, Forecasting">
<meta name="Distribution" content="Global">
<meta name="Author" content="Selva Prabhakaran">
<meta name="Robots" content="index, follow">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/screenshots/iconb-64.png" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="www/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="www/highlight.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Inconsolata:400,700'
rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<!-- Color Script -->
<style type="text/css">
a {
color: #3675C5;
color: rgb(25, 145, 248);
color: #4582ec;
color: #3F73D8;
}
li {
line-height: 1.65;
}
/* reduce spacing around math formula*/
.MathJax_Display {
margin: 0em 0em;
}
</style>
<!-- Add Google search -->
<script language="Javascript" type="text/javascript">
function my_search_google()
{
var query = document.getElementById("my-google-search").value;
window.open("http://google.com/search?q=" + query
+ "%20site:" + "http://r-statistics.co");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="masthead">
<!--
<ul class="nav nav-pills pull-right">
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
Table of contents<b class="caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu pull-right" role="menu">
<li class="dropdown-header"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Tutorial</li>
<li><a href="R-Tutorial.html">R Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">ggplot2</li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-Tutorial-With-R.html">ggplot2 Short Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="Complete-Ggplot2-Tutorial-Part1-With-R-Code.html">ggplot2 Tutorial 1 - Intro</a></li>
<li><a href="Complete-Ggplot2-Tutorial-Part2-Customizing-Theme-With-R-Code.html">ggplot2 Tutorial 2 - Theme</a></li>
<li><a href="Top50-Ggplot2-Visualizations-MasterList-R-Code.html">ggplot2 Tutorial 3 - Masterlist</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html">ggplot2 Quickref</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Foundations</li>
<li><a href="Linear-Regression.html">Linear Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="Statistical-Tests-in-R.html">Statistical Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="Missing-Value-Treatment-With-R.html">Missing Value Treatment</a></li>
<li><a href="Outlier-Treatment-With-R.html">Outlier Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Variable-Selection-and-Importance-With-R.html">Feature Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="Model-Selection-in-R.html">Model Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="Logistic-Regression-With-R.html">Logistic Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="Environments.html">Advanced Linear Regression</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Advanced Regression Models</li>
<li><a href="adv-regression-models.html">Advanced Regression Models</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Time Series</li>
<li><a href="Time-Series-Analysis-With-R.html">Time Series Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Time-Series-Forecasting-With-R.html">Time Series Forecasting </a></li>
<li><a href="Time-Series-Forecasting-With-R-part2.html">More Time Series Forecasting</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">High Performance Computing</li>
<li><a href="Parallel-Computing-With-R.html">Parallel computing</a></li>
<li><a href="Strategies-To-Improve-And-Speedup-R-Code.html">Strategies to Speedup R code</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Useful Techniques</li>
<li><a href="Association-Mining-With-R.html">Association Mining</a></li>
<li><a href="Multi-Dimensional-Scaling-With-R.html">Multi Dimensional Scaling</a></li>
<li><a href="Profiling.html">Optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="Information-Value-With-R.html">InformationValue package</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
-->
<ul class="nav nav-pills pull-right">
<div class="input-group">
<form onsubmit="my_search_google()">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="my-google-search" placeholder="Search..">
<form>
</div><!-- /input-group -->
</ul><!-- /.col-lg-6 -->
<h3 class="muted"><a href="/">r-statistics.co</a><small> by Selva Prabhakaran</small></h3>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3" id="nav">
<div class="well">
<li>
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li class="dropdown-header"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Tutorial</li>
<li><a href="R-Tutorial.html">R Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">ggplot2</li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-Tutorial-With-R.html">ggplot2 Short Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="Complete-Ggplot2-Tutorial-Part1-With-R-Code.html">ggplot2 Tutorial 1 - Intro</a></li>
<li><a href="Complete-Ggplot2-Tutorial-Part2-Customizing-Theme-With-R-Code.html">ggplot2 Tutorial 2 - Theme</a></li>
<li><a href="Top50-Ggplot2-Visualizations-MasterList-R-Code.html">ggplot2 Tutorial 3 - Masterlist</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html">ggplot2 Quickref</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Foundations</li>
<li><a href="Linear-Regression.html">Linear Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="Statistical-Tests-in-R.html">Statistical Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="Missing-Value-Treatment-With-R.html">Missing Value Treatment</a></li>
<li><a href="Outlier-Treatment-With-R.html">Outlier Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Variable-Selection-and-Importance-With-R.html">Feature Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="Model-Selection-in-R.html">Model Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="Logistic-Regression-With-R.html">Logistic Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="Environments.html">Advanced Linear Regression</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Advanced Regression Models</li>
<li><a href="adv-regression-models.html">Advanced Regression Models</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Time Series</li>
<li><a href="Time-Series-Analysis-With-R.html">Time Series Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Time-Series-Forecasting-With-R.html">Time Series Forecasting </a></li>
<li><a href="Time-Series-Forecasting-With-R-part2.html">More Time Series Forecasting</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">High Performance Computing</li>
<li><a href="Parallel-Computing-With-R.html">Parallel computing</a></li>
<li><a href="Strategies-To-Improve-And-Speedup-R-Code.html">Strategies to Speedup R code</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Useful Techniques</li>
<li><a href="Association-Mining-With-R.html">Association Mining</a></li>
<li><a href="Multi-Dimensional-Scaling-With-R.html">Multi Dimensional Scaling</a></li>
<li><a href="Profiling.html">Optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="Information-Value-With-R.html">InformationValue package</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</div>
<div class="well">
<p>Stay up-to-date. <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1xkMYkLNFU9U39Dd8S_2JC0p8B5t6_Yq6zUQjanQQJpY/viewform">Subscribe!</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13GrkCFcNa-TOIllQghsz2SIEbc-YqY9eJX02B19l5Ow/viewform">Chat!</a></p>
</div>
<h4>Contents</h4>
<ul class="list-unstyled" id="toc"></ul>
<!--
<hr>
<p><a href="/contribute.html">How to contribute</a></p>
<p><a class="btn btn-primary" href="">Edit this page</a></p>
-->
</div>
<div id="content" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 pull-right">
<h1>ggplot2 Quickref</h1>
<h4>Basics tasks</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Basic%20plot%20setup">Basic plot setup</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Scatterplot">Scatterplot</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Static%20-%20point%20size,%20shape,%20color%20and%20boundary%20thickness">Static - point size, shape, color and boundary thickness</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Dynamic%20-%20point%20size,%20shape,%20color%20and%20boundary%20thickness">Dynamic - point size, shape, color and boundary thickness</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Add%20Title,%20X%20and%20Y%20axis%20labels">Add title, X and Y axis labels</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20color%20of%20all%20text">Change color of all text</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20title,%20X%20and%20Y%20axis%20label%20size">Change title, X and Y axis label size</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20title%20face,%20color,%20line%20height">Change title face, color, line height</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20point%20color">Change point color</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Adjust%20X%20and%20Y%20axis%20limits">Adjust X and Y axis limits</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20X%20and%20Y%20axis%20labels">Change X and Y axis labels</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Rotate%20axis%20text">Rotate axis text</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Flip%20X%20and%20Y%20Axis">Flip X and Y axis</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Grid%20lines%20and%20panel%20background">Grid lines and panel background</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Plot%20margin%20and%20background">Plot margin and background</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Colors">Colors</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Legend</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Hide%20legend">Hide legend</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20legend%20title">Change legend title</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20legend%20and%20point%20color">Change legend and point color</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20legend%20position">Change legend position</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20order%20of%20legend%20items">Change order of legend items</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Legend%20title,%20text,%20box,%20symbol">Change legend title, text, box, symbol</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Plot text and annotation</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Add%20text%20in%20chart">Add text in chart</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Annotation">Annotation</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Multiple plots</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Multiple%20chart%20panels">Multiple chart panels</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Free%20X%20and%20Y%20axis%20scales">Free X and Y axis scales</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Arrange%20multiple%20plots">Arrange multiple plots</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Geom layers</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Add%20smoothing%20line">Add smoothing line</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Add%20horizontal%20/%20vertical%20line">Add horizontal / vertical line</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Add%20bar%20chart">Add bar chart</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Distinct%20color%20for%20bars">Distinct color for bars</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20color%20and%20width%20of%20bars">Change color and width of bars</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20color%20palette">Change color palette</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Line%20chart">Line chart</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Line%20chart%20from%20timeseries">Line chart from timeseries</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Ribbons">Ribbons</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Area">Area</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Boxplot%20and%20Violin">Boxplot and Violin</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Density">Density</a></li>
<li><a href="ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Tiles">Tiles</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Not finding what you were looking for? <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13GrkCFcNa-TOIllQghsz2SIEbc-YqY9eJX02B19l5Ow/viewform">Let me know!</a></p>
<h2>Basic tasks</h2>
<h4>Basic plot setup</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>xcol, <span class="dt">y=</span>ycol)) </code></pre></div>
<p><code>df</code> must be a dataframe that contains all information to make the ggplot. Plot will show up only after adding the geom layers.</p>
<h4>Scatterplot</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(ggplot2)
gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(diamonds, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>carat, <span class="dt">y=</span>price))
gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>()</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_1.png' width='528' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Static - point size, shape, color and boundary thickness</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dt">shape=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"steelblue"</span>, <span class="dt">stroke=</span><span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># 'stroke' controls the thickness of point boundary</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_2.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Dynamic - point size, shape, color and boundary thickness</h4>
<p>Make the aesthetics vary based on a variable in <code>df</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span>carat, <span class="dt">shape=</span>cut, <span class="dt">color=</span>color, <span class="dt">stroke=</span>carat)) <span class="co"># carat, cut and color are variables in `diamonds` </span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_3.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Add Title, X and Y axis labels</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg1 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_point</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">color=</span>color))
gg2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg1 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Diamonds"</span>, <span class="dt">x=</span><span class="st">"Carat"</span>, <span class="dt">y=</span><span class="st">"Price"</span>) <span class="co"># ggtitle("title") also changes the title.</span>
<span class="kw">print</span>(gg2)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_4.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change color of all text</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg2 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">text=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"blue"</span>)) <span class="co"># all text turns blue.</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_5.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change title, X and Y axis label and text size</h4>
<p><code>plot.title</code>: Controls plot title. <code>axis.title.x</code>: Controls X axis title <code>axis.title.y</code>: Controls Y axis title <code>axis.text.x</code>: Controls X axis text <code>axis.text.y</code>: Controls y axis text</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg2 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">plot.title=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">25</span>), <span class="dt">axis.title.x=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">20</span>), <span class="dt">axis.title.y=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">20</span>), <span class="dt">axis.text.x=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">15</span>), <span class="dt">axis.text.y=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">15</span>))
<span class="kw">print</span>(gg3)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_6.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change title face, color, line height</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Plot Title</span><span class="ch">\n</span><span class="st">Second Line of Plot Title"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">plot.title=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">face=</span><span class="st">"bold"</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"steelblue"</span>, <span class="dt">lineheight=</span><span class="fl">1.2</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_7.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change point color</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_colour_manual</span>(<span class="dt">name=</span><span class="st">'Legend'</span>, <span class="dt">values=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">'D'</span>=<span class="st">'grey'</span>, <span class="st">'E'</span>=<span class="st">'red'</span>, <span class="st">'F'</span>=<span class="st">'blue'</span>, <span class="st">'G'</span>=<span class="st">'yellow'</span>, <span class="st">'H'</span>=<span class="st">'black'</span>, <span class="st">'I'</span>=<span class="st">'green'</span>, <span class="st">'J'</span>=<span class="st">'firebrick'</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_8.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Adjust X and Y axis limits</h4>
<p>Method 1: Zoom in</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">coord_cartesian</span>(<span class="dt">xlim=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>), <span class="dt">ylim=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">5000</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>() <span class="co"># zoom in</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_9.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<p>Method 2: Deletes the points outside limits</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">xlim</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ylim</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">5000</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>() <span class="co"># deletes the points </span>
<span class="co">#> Warning messages:</span>
<span class="co">#> 1: Removed 14714 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth). </span>
<span class="co">#> 2: Removed 14714 rows containing missing values (geom_point). </span></code></pre></div>
<p>Method 3: Deletes the points outside limits</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_x_continuous</span>(<span class="dt">limits=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_y_continuous</span>(<span class="dt">limits=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">5000</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>() <span class="co"># deletes the points outside limits</span>
<span class="co">#> Warning message:</span>
<span class="co">#> Removed 14714 rows containing missing values (geom_point). </span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_11.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<p>Notice the change in smoothing line because of deleted points. This could sometimes be misleading in your analysis.</p>
<h4>Change X and Y axis labels</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_x_continuous</span>(<span class="dt">labels=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"zero"</span>, <span class="st">"one"</span>, <span class="st">"two"</span>, <span class="st">"three"</span>, <span class="st">"four"</span>, <span class="st">"five"</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_y_continuous</span>(<span class="dt">breaks=</span><span class="kw">seq</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">20000</span>, <span class="dv">4000</span>)) <span class="co"># if Y is continuous, if X is a factor</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Use <code>scale_x_discrete</code> instead, if X variable is a factor.</p>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_12.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Rotate axis text</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">axis.text.x=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">angle=</span><span class="dv">45</span>), <span class="dt">axis.text.y=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">angle=</span><span class="dv">45</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_13.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Flip X and Y Axis</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">coord_flip</span>() <span class="co"># flips X and Y axis.</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_14.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Grid lines and panel background</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">panel.background =</span> <span class="kw">element_rect</span>(<span class="dt">fill =</span> <span class="st">'springgreen'</span>),
<span class="dt">panel.grid.major =</span> <span class="kw">element_line</span>(<span class="dt">colour =</span> <span class="st">"firebrick"</span>, <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>),
<span class="dt">panel.grid.minor =</span> <span class="kw">element_line</span>(<span class="dt">colour =</span> <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">1</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_36.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Plot margin and background</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">plot.background=</span><span class="kw">element_rect</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">"yellowgreen"</span>), <span class="dt">plot.margin =</span> <span class="kw">unit</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">3</span>), <span class="st">"cm"</span>)) <span class="co"># top, right, bottom, left</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_37.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Colors</h4>
<p>The whole list of colors are displayed at your R console in the <code>color()</code> function. Here are few of my suggestions for nice looking colors and backgrounds:</p>
<ul>
<li>steelblue (points and lines)</li>
<li>firebrick (point and lines)</li>
<li>springgreen (fills)</li>
<li>violetred (fills)</li>
<li>tomato (fills)</li>
<li>skyblue (bg)</li>
<li>sienna (points, lines)</li>
<li>slateblue (fills)</li>
<li>seagreen (points, lines, fills)</li>
<li>sandybrown (fills)</li>
<li>salmon (fills)</li>
<li>saddlebrown (lines)</li>
<li>royalblue (fills)</li>
<li>orangered (point, lines, fills)</li>
<li>olivedrab (points, lines, fills)</li>
<li>midnightblue (lines)</li>
<li>mediumvioletred (points, lines, fills)</li>
<li>maroon (points, lines, fills)</li>
<li>limegreen (fills)</li>
<li>lawngreen (fills)</li>
<li>forestgreen (lines, fills)</li>
<li>dodgerblue (fills, bg)</li>
<li>dimgray (grids, secondary bg)</li>
<li>deeppink (fills)</li>
<li>darkred (lines, points)</li>
</ul>
<p>If you are looking for consistent colors, the <code>RColorBrewer</code> package has predefined <a href="http://127.0.0.1:4000/ggplot2-cheatsheet.html#Change%20color%20palette">color palettes</a></p>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_sp37.png' width='698' height='349' /></p>
<h2>Legend</h2>
<h4>Hide legend</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">legend.position=</span><span class="st">"none"</span>) <span class="co"># hides the legend</span></code></pre></div>
<h4>Change legend title</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_color_discrete</span>(<span class="dt">name=</span><span class="st">""</span>) <span class="co"># Remove legend title (method1)</span>
p1 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">legend.title=</span><span class="kw">element_blank</span>()) <span class="co"># Remove legend title (method)</span>
p2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_color_discrete</span>(<span class="dt">name=</span><span class="st">"Diamonds"</span>) <span class="co"># Change legend title</span>
<span class="kw">library</span>(gridExtra)
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1, p2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># arrange</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_15.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change legend and point color</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_colour_manual</span>(<span class="dt">name=</span><span class="st">'Legend'</span>, <span class="dt">values=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">'D'</span>=<span class="st">'grey'</span>, <span class="st">'E'</span>=<span class="st">'red'</span>, <span class="st">'F'</span>=<span class="st">'blue'</span>, <span class="st">'G'</span>=<span class="st">'yellow'</span>, <span class="st">'H'</span>=<span class="st">'black'</span>, <span class="st">'I'</span>=<span class="st">'green'</span>, <span class="st">'J'</span>=<span class="st">'firebrick'</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_16.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change legend position</h4>
<p><strong>Outside plot</strong></p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">p1 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">legend.position=</span><span class="st">"top"</span>) <span class="co"># top / bottom / left / right</span></code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Inside plot</strong></p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">p2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">legend.justification=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">0</span>), <span class="dt">legend.position=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">0</span>)) <span class="co"># legend justification is the anchor point on the legend, considering the bottom left of legend as (0,0)</span>
gridExtra::<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1, p2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_17.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change order of legend items</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">df$newLegendColumn <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">factor</span>(df$legendcolumn, <span class="dt">levels=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(new_order_of_legend_items), <span class="dt">ordered =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>) </code></pre></div>
<p>Create a new factor variable used in the legend, ordered as you need. Then use this variable instead in the plot.</p>
<h4>Legend title, text, box, symbol</h4>
<ul>
<li><code>legend.title</code> - Change legend title</li>
<li><code>legend.text</code> - Change legend text</li>
<li><code>legend.key</code> - Change legend box</li>
<li><code>guides</code> - Change legend symbols</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">legend.title =</span> <span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dt">color =</span> <span class="st">"firebrick"</span>), <span class="dt">legend.text =</span> <span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">15</span>), <span class="dt">legend.key=</span><span class="kw">element_rect</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">'steelblue'</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">guides</span>(<span class="dt">colour =</span> <span class="kw">guide_legend</span>(<span class="dt">override.aes =</span> <span class="kw">list</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">shape=</span><span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dt">stroke=</span><span class="dv">2</span>))) <span class="co"># legend title color and size, box color, symbol color, size and shape.</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_18.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<p><img src='screenshots/symbols.png' width='150' height='262' /></p>
<h2>Plot text and annotation</h2>
<h4>Add text in chart</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co">#> Not Run: gg + geom_text(aes(xcol, ycol, label=round(labelCol), size=3)) # general format</span>
gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_text</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">label=</span>color, <span class="dt">color=</span>color), <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">4</span>) </code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_19.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Annotation</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co">#> gg3 + annotate("mytext", x=xpos, y=ypos, label="My text") # Not run: General Format</span>
<span class="kw">library</span>(grid)
my_grob =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">grobTree</span>(<span class="kw">textGrob</span>(<span class="st">"My Custom Text"</span>, <span class="dt">x=</span><span class="fl">0.8</span>, <span class="dt">y=</span><span class="fl">0.2</span>, <span class="dt">gp=</span><span class="kw">gpar</span>(<span class="dt">col=</span><span class="st">"firebrick"</span>, <span class="dt">fontsize=</span><span class="dv">25</span>, <span class="dt">fontface=</span><span class="st">"bold"</span>)))
gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">annotation_custom</span>(my_grob)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_20.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h2>Multiple plots</h2>
<h4>Multiple chart panels</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">p1 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg1 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">facet_grid</span>(color ~<span class="st"> </span>cut) <span class="co"># arrange in a grid. More space for plots.</span></code></pre></div>
<h4>Free X and Y axis scales</h4>
<p>By setting <code>scales='free'</code>, the scales of both X and Y axis is freed. Use <code>scales='free_x'</code> to free only X-axis and <code>scales='free_y'</code> to free only Y-axis.</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">p2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg1 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">facet_wrap</span>(color ~<span class="st"> </span>cut, <span class="dt">scales=</span><span class="st">"free"</span>) <span class="co"># free the x and y axis scales.</span></code></pre></div>
<h4>Arrange multiple plots</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(gridExtra)
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1, p2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_21.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h2>Geom layers</h2>
<h4>Add smoothing line</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">color=</span>color)) <span class="co"># method could be - 'lm', 'loess', 'gam'</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_22.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Add horizontal / vertical line</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">p1 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_hline</span>(<span class="dt">yintercept=</span><span class="dv">5000</span>, <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">linetype=</span><span class="st">"dotted"</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"blue"</span>) <span class="co"># linetypes: solid, dashed, dotted, dotdash, longdash and twodash</span>
p2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_vline</span>(<span class="dt">xintercept=</span><span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"firebrick"</span>)
p3 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_segment</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span><span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dt">y=</span><span class="dv">5000</span>, <span class="dt">xend=</span><span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dt">yend=</span><span class="dv">10000</span>, <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">lineend=</span><span class="st">"round"</span>))
p4 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg3 +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_segment</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>carat, <span class="dt">y=</span>price, <span class="dt">xend=</span>carat, <span class="dt">yend=</span>price<span class="dv">-500</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span>color), <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">coord_cartesian</span>(<span class="dt">xlim=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="dv">5</span>)) <span class="co"># x, y: start points. xend, yend: end points</span>
gridExtra::<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1,p2,p3,p4, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_23.png' width='524' height='524' /></p>
<h4>Add bar chart</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Frequency bar chart: Specify only X axis.</span>
gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(mtcars, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>cyl))
gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>() <span class="co"># frequency table</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_24.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(mtcars, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>cyl))
p1 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>(<span class="dt">position=</span><span class="st">"dodge"</span>, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="kw">factor</span>(vs))) <span class="co"># side-by-side</span>
p2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="kw">factor</span>(vs))) <span class="co"># stacked</span>
gridExtra::<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1, p2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_25.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Absolute bar chart: Specify both X adn Y axis. Set stat="identity"</span>
df <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">aggregate</span>(mtcars$mpg, <span class="dt">by=</span><span class="kw">list</span>(mtcars$cyl), <span class="dt">FUN=</span>mean) <span class="co"># mean of mpg for every 'cyl'</span>
<span class="kw">names</span>(df) <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"cyl"</span>, <span class="st">"mpg"</span>)
<span class="kw">head</span>(df)
<span class="co">#> cyl mpg</span>
<span class="co">#> 1 4 26.66</span>
<span class="co">#> 2 6 19.74</span>
<span class="co">#> 3 8 15.10</span>
gg_bar <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>cyl, <span class="dt">y=</span>mpg)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>(<span class="dt">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>) <span class="co"># Y axis is explicit. 'stat=identity'</span>
<span class="kw">print</span>(gg_bar)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_26.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Distinct color for bars</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg_bar <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>cyl, <span class="dt">y=</span>mpg)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>(<span class="dt">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span>cyl))
<span class="kw">print</span>(gg_bar)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_27.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change color and width of bars</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">df$cyl <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.factor</span>(df$cyl)
gg_bar <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>cyl, <span class="dt">y=</span>mpg)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>(<span class="dt">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span>cyl), <span class="dt">width =</span> <span class="fl">0.25</span>)
gg_bar +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_fill_manual</span>(<span class="dt">values=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"4"</span>=<span class="st">"steelblue"</span>, <span class="st">"6"</span>=<span class="st">"firebrick"</span>, <span class="st">"8"</span>=<span class="st">"darkgreen"</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_28.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Change color palette</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(RColorBrewer)
<span class="kw">display.brewer.all</span>(<span class="dt">n=</span><span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dt">exact.n=</span><span class="ot">FALSE</span>) <span class="co"># display available color palettes</span>
<span class="kw">ggplot</span>(mtcars, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>cyl, <span class="dt">y=</span>carb, <span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="kw">factor</span>(cyl))) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_bar</span>(<span class="dt">stat=</span><span class="st">"identity"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_fill_brewer</span>(<span class="dt">palette=</span><span class="st">"Reds"</span>) <span class="co"># "Reds" is palette name</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_29.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Line chart</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Method 1:</span>
gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(economics, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>date)) <span class="co"># setup</span>
gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_line</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">y=</span>psavert), <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"firebrick"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_line</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">y=</span>uempmed), <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"steelblue"</span>, <span class="dt">linetype=</span><span class="st">"twodash"</span>) <span class="co"># No legend</span>
<span class="co"># available linetypes: solid, dashed, dotted, dotdash, longdash and twodash</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_30.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Method 2:</span>
<span class="kw">library</span>(reshape2)
df_melt <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">melt</span>(economics[, <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"date"</span>, <span class="st">"psavert"</span>, <span class="st">"uempmed"</span>)], <span class="dt">id=</span><span class="st">"date"</span>) <span class="co"># melt by date. </span>
gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df_melt, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>date)) <span class="co"># setup</span>
gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_line</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">y=</span>value, <span class="dt">color=</span>variable), <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">1</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_color_discrete</span>(<span class="dt">name=</span><span class="st">"Legend"</span>) <span class="co"># gets legend.</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_31.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Line chart from timeseries</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># One step method.</span>
<span class="kw">library</span>(ggfortify)
<span class="kw">autoplot</span>(AirPassengers, <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"AirPassengers"</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_32.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Ribbons</h4>
<p>Filled time series can be plotted using <code>geom_ribbon()</code>. It takes two compulsory arguments <code>ymin</code> and <code>ymax</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Prepare the dataframe</span>
st_year <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">start</span>(AirPassengers)[<span class="dv">1</span>]
st_month <-<span class="st"> "01"</span>
st_date <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.Date</span>(<span class="kw">paste</span>(st_year, st_month, <span class="st">"01"</span>, <span class="dt">sep=</span><span class="st">"-"</span>))
dates <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">seq.Date</span>(st_date, <span class="dt">length=</span><span class="kw">length</span>(AirPassengers), <span class="dt">by=</span><span class="st">"month"</span>)
df <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">data.frame</span>(dates, AirPassengers, AirPassengers/<span class="dv">2</span>)
<span class="kw">head</span>(df)
<span class="co">#> dates AirPassengers AirPassengers.2</span>
<span class="co">#> 1 1949-01-01 112 56.0</span>
<span class="co">#> 2 1949-02-01 118 59.0</span>
<span class="co">#> 3 1949-03-01 132 66.0</span>
<span class="co">#> 4 1949-04-01 129 64.5</span>
<span class="co">#> 5 1949-05-01 121 60.5</span>
<span class="co">#> 6 1949-06-01 135 67.5</span>
<span class="co"># Plot ribbon with ymin=0</span>
gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>dates)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"AirPassengers"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">plot.title=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">30</span>), <span class="dt">axis.title.x=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">20</span>), <span class="dt">axis.text.x=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">15</span>))
gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_ribbon</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">ymin=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dt">ymax=</span>AirPassengers)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_ribbon</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">ymin=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dt">ymax=</span>AirPassengers<span class="fl">.2</span>), <span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">"green"</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_33.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_ribbon</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">ymin=</span>AirPassengers<span class="dv">-20</span>, <span class="dt">ymax=</span>AirPassengers<span class="dv">+20</span>)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_ribbon</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">ymin=</span>AirPassengers<span class="fl">.2</span><span class="dv">-20</span>, <span class="dt">ymax=</span>AirPassengers<span class="fl">.2</span><span class="dv">+20</span>), <span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">"green"</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_34.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Area</h4>
<p><code>geom_area</code> is similar to <code>geom_ribbon</code>, except that the <code>ymin</code> is set to 0. If you want to make overlapping area plot, use the <code>alpha</code> aesthetic to make the top layer translucent.</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Method1: Non-Overlapping Area</span>
df <-<span class="st"> </span>reshape2::<span class="kw">melt</span>(economics[, <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"date"</span>, <span class="st">"psavert"</span>, <span class="st">"uempmed"</span>)], <span class="dt">id=</span><span class="st">"date"</span>)
<span class="kw">head</span>(df, <span class="dv">3</span>)
<span class="co">#> date variable value</span>
<span class="co">#> 1 1967-07-01 psavert 12.5</span>
<span class="co">#> 2 1967-08-01 psavert 12.5</span>
<span class="co">#> 3 1967-09-01 psavert 11.7</span>
p1 <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>date)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">y=</span>value, <span class="dt">fill=</span>variable)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Non-Overlapping - psavert and uempmed"</span>)
<span class="co"># Method2: Overlapping Area</span>
p2 <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(economics, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>date)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">y=</span>psavert), <span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">"yellowgreen"</span>, <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"yellowgreen"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">y=</span>uempmed), <span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">"dodgerblue"</span>, <span class="dt">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.7</span>, <span class="dt">linetype=</span><span class="st">"dotted"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Overlapping - psavert and uempmed"</span>)
gridExtra::<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1, p2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_35.png' width='698' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Boxplot and Violin</h4>
<p>The oulier points are controlled by the following aesthetics: * outlier.shape * outlier.stroke * outlier.size * outlier.colour</p>
<p>If the <code>notch</code> is turned on (by setting it TRUE), the below boxplot is produced. Else, you would get the standard rectangular boxplots.</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">p1 <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(mtcars, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="kw">factor</span>(cyl), mpg)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_boxplot</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill =</span> <span class="kw">factor</span>(cyl)), <span class="dt">width=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="dt">outlier.colour =</span> <span class="st">"dodgerblue"</span>, <span class="dt">outlier.size =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dt">outlier.shape =</span> <span class="dv">16</span>, <span class="dt">outlier.stroke =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">notch=</span>T) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Box plot"</span>) <span class="co"># boxplot</span>
p2 <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(mtcars, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="kw">factor</span>(cyl), mpg)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_violin</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill =</span> <span class="kw">factor</span>(cyl)), <span class="dt">width=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="dt">trim=</span>F) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Violin plot (untrimmed)"</span>) <span class="co"># violin plot</span>
gridExtra::<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(p1, p2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_38.png' width='698' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Density</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(mtcars, <span class="kw">aes</span>(mpg)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_density</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">fill =</span> <span class="kw">factor</span>(cyl)), <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"Density plot"</span>) <span class="co"># Density plot</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_39.png' width='524' height='262' /></p>
<h4>Tiles</h4>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">corr <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">round</span>(<span class="kw">cor</span>(mtcars), <span class="dv">2</span>)
df <-<span class="st"> </span>reshape2::<span class="kw">melt</span>(corr)
gg <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(df, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>Var1, <span class="dt">y=</span>Var2, <span class="dt">fill=</span>value, <span class="dt">label=</span>value)) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_tile</span>() +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme_bw</span>() +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_text</span>(<span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">label=</span>value, <span class="dt">size=</span>value), <span class="dt">color=</span><span class="st">"white"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">labs</span>(<span class="dt">title=</span><span class="st">"mtcars - Correlation plot"</span>) +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme</span>(<span class="dt">text=</span><span class="kw">element_text</span>(<span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">20</span>), <span class="dt">legend.position=</span><span class="st">"none"</span>)
<span class="kw">library</span>(RColorBrewer)
p2 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_fill_distiller</span>(<span class="dt">palette=</span><span class="st">"Reds"</span>)
p3 <-<span class="st"> </span>gg +<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_fill_gradient2</span>()
gridExtra::<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(gg, p2, p3, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">3</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src='screenshots/gg_cs_40.png' width='785' height='262' /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<hr>
<p>© 2016-17 Selva Prabhakaran. Powered by <a href="http://jekyllrb.com/">jekyll</a>,
<a href="http://yihui.name/knitr/">knitr</a>, and
<a href="http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/">pandoc</a>.
This work is licensed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">Creative Commons License.</a>
</p>
</div>
</div> <!-- /container -->
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="www/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="www/toc.js"></script>
<!-- MathJax Script -->
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\(','\\)']]}
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML">
</script>
<!-- Google Analytics Code -->
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-69351797-1', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<style type="text/css">
/* reduce spacing around math formula*/
.MathJax_Display {
margin: 0em 0em;
}
body {
font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 27px;
font-weight: 400;
}
blockquote p {
line-height: 1.75;
color: #717171;
}
.well li{
line-height: 28px;
}
li.dropdown-header {
display: block;
padding: 0px;
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
</body>
</html>