init

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# 2016 Daniel Heule (hda at sfs.biz)
# 2017 Philippe Gregoire (pg at pgregoire.xyz)
# 2020,2023,2025 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at riiengineering.ch)
#
# This file is part of skonfig-base.
#
# skonfig-base is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# skonfig-base is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with skonfig-base. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
# Returns the name of the init system (PID 1)
#
# Expected values:
# Linux:
#  Adélie Linux:
#    sysvinit+openrc
#  Alpine Linux:
#    busybox-init+openrc
#  ArchLinux:
#    systemd, sysvinit
#  BeOS:
#    (no output, has no init)
#  Chimera Linux:
#    dinit
#  CRUX:
#    sysvinit
#  Debian:
#    systemd, upstart, sysvinit, openrc, ???
#  Devuan:
#    sysvinit, sysvinit+openrc
#  DSM:
#    busybox-init+syno, upstart-syno, systemd
#  Gentoo:
#    sysvinit+openrc, openrc-init, systemd
#  Haiku:
#    launch_daemon
#  OpenBMC:
#    systemd
#  OpenWrt:
#    procd, init???
#  RedHat (RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, RedHat Linux, ...):
#    systemd, upstart, upstart-legacy, sysvinit
#  Slackware:
#    sysvinit
#  SuSE:
#    systemd, sysvinit
#  Ubuntu:
#    systemd, upstart, upstart-legacy, sysvinit
#  VoidLinux:
#    runit
#
# GNU:
#   Debian:
#     sysvinit, hurd-init
#
# BSD:
#  {Free,Open,Net}BSD:
#    init
#
# Mac OS X:
#   launchd, init+SystemStarter
#
# Solaris/Illumos:
#   smf, init???
#

# NOTE: init systems can be stacked. This is popular to run OpenRC on top of
# sysvinit (Gentoo) or busybox-init (Alpine), but can also be used to run runit
# as a systemd service.  This makes init system detection very complicated
# (which result is expected?)  This script tries to untangle some combinations,
# OpenRC on top of sysv or busybox (X+openrc), but will ignore others (runit as
# a systemd service)

# NOTE: When we have no idea, nothing will be printed!

# NOTE:
# When trying to gather information about the init system make sure to do so
# without calling the binary!   On some systems this triggers a reinitialisation
# of the system which we don't want (e.g. embedded systems).


set -e

KERNEL_NAME=$(uname -s)

KNOWN_INIT_SYSTEMS="\
systemd
sysvinit
upstart
runit
dinit
procd
smf
launchd
init
hurd_init
systemstarter"


common_candidates_by_kernel() {
	case ${KERNEL_NAME}
	in
		(FreeBSD|NetBSD|OpenBSD)
			echo init
			;;
		(Linux)
			echo systemd
			echo sysvinit
			echo upstart
			echo openrc
			;;
		(GNU)
			echo sysvinit
			echo hurd-init
			;;
		(Darwin)
			echo launchd
			echo systemstarter
			;;
		(SunOS)
			echo smf
			;;
	esac
}


## Helpers

trim() {
	sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//' -e 's/[[:blank:]]*$//' -e '/^[[:blank:]]*$/d'
}

unique() {
	# Delete duplicate lines (keeping input order)
	# NOTE: Solaris AWK breaks without if/print construct.
	awk '{ if (!x[$0]++) print }'
}


## Check functions
# These functions are used to verify if a guess is correct by checking some
# common property of a running system (presence of a directory in /run etc.)

check_busybox_init() (
	busybox_path=${1:-/bin/busybox}
	test -x "${busybox_path}" || return 1
	grep -q 'BusyBox v[0-9]' "${busybox_path}" || return 1

	# It is quite common to use BusyBox’s init to stack other service managers
	# (like OpenRC) on top of it. So we check for that, too.
	if stacked=$(check_openrc)
	then
		echo "busybox-init+${stacked}"
	elif stacked=$(check_synoinit)
	then
		# Synology DSM < 5.0 uses BusyBox + synoservice(8)
		echo "busybox-init+${stacked}"
	else
		echo busybox-init
	fi
)

check_dinit() {
	init_exe=${1:-/sbin/dinit}
	test -x "${init_exe}" || return 1
	test -S /run/dinitctl || test -S /var/run/dinitctl || return 1
	echo dinit
}

check_hurd_init() (
	init_exe=${1:-/hurd/init}
	test -x "${init_exe}" || return 1
	grep -qF 'GNU Hurd' "${init_exe}" || return 1
	echo hurd-init
)

check_init() {
	# Checks for various BSD inits...
	test -x /sbin/init || return 1

	case ${KERNEL_NAME}
	in
		(*BSD)
			if grep -qF -e "${KERNEL_NAME}" /sbin/init
			then
				echo init
				return 0
			fi
			;;
	esac
}

check_launchd() {
	command -v launchctl >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
	launchctl getenv PATH >/dev/null || return 1
	echo launchd
}

check_launch_daemon() {
	command -v launch_roster >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
	echo launch_daemon
}

check_openrc() {
	test -f /run/openrc/softlevel || return 1
	echo openrc
}

check_procd() (
	procd_path=${1:-/sbin/procd}
	test -x "${procd_path}" || return 1
	grep -qF 'procd' "${procd_path}" || return 1
	echo procd
)

check_runit() {
	test -d /run/runit || return 1
	echo runit
}

check_smf() {
	# XXX: Is this the correct way??
	test -f /etc/svc/volatile/svc_nonpersist.db || return 1
	echo smf
}

check_synoinit() {
	# synoservice(8)
	test -x /usr/syno/sbin/synoservice || return 1

	echo syno
}

check_systemd() {
	# NOTE: sd_booted(3)
	test -d /run/systemd/system/ || return 1
	# systemctl --version | sed -e '/^systemd/!d;s/^systemd //'
	echo systemd
}

check_systemstarter() {
	test -d /System/Library/StartupItems/ || return 1
	test -f /System/Library/StartupItems/LoginWindow/StartupParameters.plist || return 1
	echo init+SystemStarter
}

check_sysvinit() (
	init_path=${1:-/sbin/init}
	test -x "${init_path}" || return 1
	grep -q 'INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-[0-9.]*' "${init_path}" || return 1

	# It is quite common to use SysVinit to stack other init systemd
	# (like OpenRC) on top of it. So we check for that, too.
	if stacked=$(check_openrc)
	then
		echo "sysvinit+${stacked}"
	else
		echo sysvinit
	fi
	unset -v stacked
)

check_upstart() {
	test -x "$(command -v initctl 2>/dev/null)" || return 1
	case $(initctl version)
	in
		(*'(upstart '*')')
			if test -x /usr/syno/sbin/synoservice \
				&& test -x /usr/syno/sbin/synoservicectl
			then
				# upstart-based Synology init system
				echo upstart-syno
			elif test -d /etc/init
			then
				# modern (DBus-based?) upstart >= 0.5
				echo upstart
			elif test -d /etc/event.d
			then
				# ancient upstart
				echo upstart-legacy
			else
				# whatever...
				echo upstart
			fi
			;;
		(*)
			return 1
			;;
	esac
}

find_init_procfs() (
	# First, check if the required file in procfs exists...
	test -h /proc/1/exe || return 1

	# Find init executable
	init_exe=$(ls -l /proc/1/exe 2>/dev/null) || return 1
	init_exe=${init_exe#* -> }

	if ! test -x "${init_exe}"
	then
		# On some rare occasions it can happen that the
		# running init's binary has been replaced. In this
		# case Linux adjusts the symlink to "X (deleted)"

		# [root@fedora-12 ~]# readlink /proc/1/exe
		# /sbin/init (deleted)
		# [root@fedora-12 ~]# ls -l /proc/1/exe
		# lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 2020-01-30 23:00 /proc/1/exe -> /sbin/init (deleted)
		init_exe=${init_exe% (deleted)}
	fi

	test -x "${init_exe}" || return 1

	echo "${init_exe}"
)

guess_by_path() {
	case $1
	in
		(/bin/busybox)
			check_busybox_init "$1" && return
			;;
		(/boot/system/servers/launch_daemon)
			check_launch_daemon "$1" && return
			;;
		(/lib/systemd/systemd)
			check_systemd "$1" && return
			;;
		(/hurd/init)
			check_hurd_init "$1" && return
			;;
		(/sbin/launchd)
			check_launchd "$1" && return
			;;
		(/usr/bin/runit|/sbin/runit)
			check_runit "$1" && return
			;;
		(/sbin/openrc-init)
			if check_openrc "$1" >/dev/null
			then
				echo openrc-init
				return
			fi
			;;
		(/sbin/procd)
			check_procd "$1" && return
			;;
		(/sbin/dinit|/usr/bin/dinit)
			check_dinit "$1" && return
			;;
		(/sbin/init|*/init)
			# init: it could be anything -> (explicit) no match
			return 1
			;;
	esac

	# No match
	return 1
}

guess_by_comm_name() {
	case $1
	in
		(busybox)
			check_busybox_init && return
			;;
		(openrc-init)
			if check_openrc >/dev/null
			then
				echo openrc-init
				return 0
			fi
			;;
		(init)
			# init could be anything -> no match
			return 1
			;;
		(*)
			# Run check function by comm name if available.
			# Fall back to comm name if either it does not exist or
			# returns non-zero.
			if type "check_$1" >/dev/null
			then
				"check_$1" && return
			else
				echo "$1"
				return 0
			fi
			;;
	esac

	return 1
}

check_list() (
	# List must be a multi-line input on stdin (one name per line)
	while read -r init
	do
		if type "check_${init}" >/dev/null
		then
			"check_${init}" || continue
			return 0
		fi
	done
	return 1
)


# BusyBox’s versions of ps and pgrep do not support some options
# depending on which compile-time options have been used.

find_init_pgrep() {
	command -v pgrep >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
	pgrep -P0 -fl 2>/dev/null | awk -F '[[:blank:]]' '$1 == 1 { print $2 }'
}

find_init_ps() {
	case ${KERNEL_NAME}
	in
		(Darwin)
			ps -o command -p 1 2>/dev/null | tail -n +2
			;;
		(FreeBSD)
			ps -o args= -p 1 2>/dev/null | cut -d ' ' -f 1
			;;
		(Linux)
			ps -o comm= -p 1 2>/dev/null
			;;
		(NetBSD)
			ps -o comm= -p 1 2>/dev/null
			;;
		(OpenBSD)
			ps -o args -p 1 2>/dev/null | tail -n +2 | cut -d ' ' -f 1
			;;
		(*)
			ps -o args= -p 1 2>/dev/null
			;;
	esac \
	| trim  # trim trailing whitespace (some ps like Darwin add it)
}

find_init() {
	case ${KERNEL_NAME}
	in
		(Linux|GNU|NetBSD)
			find_init_procfs || find_init_pgrep || find_init_ps
			;;
		(FreeBSD)
			find_init_procfs || find_init_ps
			;;
		(BeOS)
			# BeOS does not have an init program like other UNIX systems.
			# Being a desktop OS it does not have services or such things known
			# from other Unices.
			# It has some shell scripts (/boot/beos/system/boot/Bootscript & co)
			# to start and stop some programs, that’s all.
			exit 0
			;;
		(Haiku)
			# NOTE: Haiku is special in that it does not have an init
			#       program like other UNIX systems.
			#       Beginning with Haiku R1/beta1, the OS has some
			#       sort of service manager, but it is not the parent
			#       of all other processes, so the common detection
			#       strategies don't work.
			if test -x /boot/system/servers/launch_daemon
			then
				echo /boot/system/servers/launch_daemon
			else
				# Older versions of Haiku boot using Bootscript (like BeOS, but
				# located in /boot/system/boot/Bootscript) and don't have
				# services or such things.
				exit 0
			fi
			;;
		(OpenBSD)
			find_init_pgrep || find_init_ps
			;;
		(Darwin|SunOS)
			find_init_ps
			;;
		(*)
			echo "Don't know how to determine init." >&2
			echo 'Please send a patch.' >&2
			exit 1
			;;
	esac
}

# -----

init=$(find_init)

# If we got a path, guess by the path first (fall back to file name if no match)
# else guess by file name directly.
# shellcheck disable=SC2015
{
	test -x "${init}" \
		&& guess_by_path "${init}" \
		|| guess_by_comm_name "$(basename "${init}")"
} && exit 0 || :


# Guessing based on the file path and name didn’t lead to a definitive result.
#
# We go through all of the checks until we find a match. To speed up the
# process, common cases will be checked first based on the underlying kernel.

{ common_candidates_by_kernel; echo "${KNOWN_INIT_SYSTEMS}"; } \
	| unique | check_list