GitHub APIs & Webhooks.

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APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): APIs are sets of rules and protocols that allow different software applications to communicate with each other. They define the methods and data formats that applications can use to request and exchange information. APIs can be RESTful (Representational State Transfer) or GraphQL-based, among other architectures.

GitHub REST API: GitHub's REST API provides programmatic access to various functionalities of GitHub, such as managing repositories, users, issues, and pull requests. It's based on RESTful principles, using HTTP requests to perform operations on GitHub resources.

GitHub GraphQL API: The GraphQL API offers more flexibility and efficiency in querying GitHub data compared to the REST API. It allows clients to request only the data they need, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching issues commonly encountered in RESTful APIs. Clients can construct queries to retrieve specific fields and related data in a single request.

Webhooks: Webhooks are user-defined HTTP callbacks triggered by specific events. They enable real-time communication between systems by sending HTTP POST requests to specified URLs when certain events occur. In the context of GitHub, webhooks allow developers to subscribe to events such as pushes to repositories, pull request creations, issue updates, etc.

GitHub Webhooks: GitHub's webhook system allows you to configure endpoints to receive payloads whenever certain events occur on GitHub repositories or organizations. This enables developers to automate workflows, trigger CI/CD pipelines, update external systems, or perform any other custom actions in response to GitHub events.