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ss-encrypt-openssl.txt
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#!/bin/bash
####################################################################################################
#### author: SlickStack ############################################################################
#### link: https://slickstack.io ###################################################################
#### mirror: littlebizzy/slickstack/blob/master/bash/ss-encrypt-openssl.txt ########################
#### path: /var/www/ss-encrypt-openssl #############################################################
#### destination: n/a (not a boilerplate) ##########################################################
#### purpose: Regenerates free self-signed OpenSSL certificate for use by Nginx ####################
#### module version: OpenSSL 3.0.x #################################################################
#### sourced by: ss-install-nginx-config ###########################################################
#### bash aliases: ss encrypt openssl ##############################################################
####################################################################################################
## SS-ENCRYPT PERFORMS BASIC NGINX CONFIG MODIFICATION REGARDLESS OF SS-INSTALL-NGINX ##
## IT WILL ALSO ATTEMPT TO REVERT TO OPENSSL IF LETS ENCRYPT CERTS ARE MISSING ##
####################################################################################################
#### TABLE OF CONTENTS (SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL) ########################################################
####################################################################################################
## this is a brief summary of the different code snippets you will find in this script ##
## each section should be commented so you understand what is being accomplished ##
## A. Source SS-Config + SS-Functions
## B. Touch Timestamp File
## C. Message (Begin Script)
## D. Hide Bug In OpenSSL 1.1.1x
## E. Delete Existing OpenSSL Cert Files
## F. Generate OpenSSL Certificate (Valid For 10 Years)
## G. Validate OpenSSL Certificate (Verbose)
## H. Run SS-Perms-Nginx-Config
####################################################################################################
#### A. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Source SS-Config + SS-Functions ########################################
####################################################################################################
## before anything else we must source the critical variables that power this script ##
## ss-config is setup during ss-install wizard but ss-functions is hardcoded ##
## source ss-config ##
source /var/www/ss-config
## source ss-functions ##
source /var/www/ss-functions
## BELOW THIS RELIES ON SS-CONFIG AND SS-FUNCTIONS
####################################################################################################
#### B. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Touch Timestamp File ###################################################
####################################################################################################
## this is a dummy timestamp file that will remember the last time this script was run ##
## it can be useful for developer reference and is sometimes used by SlickStack ##
ss_touch "${TIMESTAMP_SS_ENCRYPT_OPENSSL}"
####################################################################################################
#### C. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Message (Begin Script) #################################################
####################################################################################################
## this is a simple message that announces to the shell the purpose of this bash script ##
## it will only be seen by sudo users who manually run this script in the shell ##
ss_echo "${COLOR_INFO}Running ss-encrypt-openssl... ${COLOR_RESET}"
####################################################################################################
#### D. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Hide Bug In OpenSSL 1.1.1x #############################################
####################################################################################################
## this .rnd bug is no longer relevant to newer versions of Ubuntu LTS and OpenSSL ##
## however we retain this snippet for backwards compatibility of SlickStack ##
ss_touch /home/${SUDO_USER}/.rnd
ss_touch /home/${SFTP_USER}/.rnd
####################################################################################################
#### E. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Delete Existing OpenSSL Cert Files #####################################
####################################################################################################
ss_rm "${PATH_OPENSSL_CERTIFICATE}"
ss_rm "${PATH_OPENSSL_KEY}"
####################################################################################################
#### F. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Generate OpenSSL Certificate (Valid For 10 Years) ######################
####################################################################################################
## this will generate a new self-signed OpenSSL certificate every single time it runs ##
## there are no rate-limits and it pairs perfectly with CloudFlare SSL proxy ##
## single site with domains only ##
if [[ "${WP_MULTISITE}" != "true" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_DOMAINS}" != "false" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_IPS}" != "true" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_LOCALHOST}" != "true" ]]; then
if [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW}" 2> /dev/null
fi
## single site with domains and ips only ##
elif [[ "${WP_MULTISITE}" != "true" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_DOMAINS}" != "false" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_IPS}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_LOCALHOST}" != "true" ]]; then
## staging and dev sites ##
if [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
## staging sites but not dev sites ##
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
## dev sites but not staging sites ##
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
## no staging nor dev sites ##
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${STAGING_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${DEV_SITE}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
fi
## single site with localhost only ##
elif [[ "${WP_MULTISITE}" != "true" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_DOMAINS}" == "false" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_IPS}" != "true" ]] && [[ "${OPENSSL_CERT_INCLUDE_LOCALHOST}" == "true" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1" 2> /dev/null
## multisite with subdomains ##
elif [[ "${WP_MULTISITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${WP_MULTISITE_SUBDOMAINS}" != "false" ]]; then
if [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:*.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:*.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:*.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
fi
## multisite with subdirectories ##
elif [[ "${WP_MULTISITE}" == "true" ]] && [[ "${WP_MULTISITE_SUBDOMAINS}" == "false" ]]; then
## conditional ipv4 and ipv6 certs ##
if [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
elif [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV4_ADDRESS}" == "N/A" ]] && [[ "${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" != "N/A" ]]; then
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
-keyout /var/www/certs/keys/slickstack.key -out /var/www/certs/slickstack.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" \
-addext "subjectAltName=DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:${SITE_DOMAIN_INCLUDING_WWW},DNS:staging.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},DNS:dev.${SITE_DOMAIN_EXCLUDING_WWW},IP:${SYSTEM_IPV6_ADDRESS}" 2> /dev/null
fi
fi
####################################################################################################
#### G. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Validate OpenSSL Certificate (Verbose) #################################
####################################################################################################
## disabled for now as too verbose... consider a --verbose flag? ##
# openssl x509 -noout -text -in "${PATH_OPENSSL_CERTIFICATE}"
####################################################################################################
#### H. SS-Encrypt-OpenSSL: Run SS-Perms-Nginx-Config ##############################################
####################################################################################################
source "${PATH_SS_PERMS_NGINX_CONFIG}"
####################################################################################################
#### SlickStack: Reset Permissions (SlickStack Scripts) ############################################
####################################################################################################
## we include this permissions reset in all cron jobs and bash scripts for redundancy ##
## chmod 0700 means only the root/sudo users can execute any SlickStack scripts ##
## THIS SNIPPET DOES NOT RELY ON SS-CONFIG OR SS-FUNCTIONS
## SNIPPET: ss bash scripts, ss cron jobs
## UPDATED: 02JUL2022
chown root:root /var/www/ss* ## must be root:root
chown root:root /var/www/crons/*cron* ## must be root:root
chown root:root /var/www/crons/custom/*cron* ## must be root:root
chmod 0700 /var/www/ss* ## 0700 means only root/sudo can execute
chmod 0700 /var/www/crons/*cron* ## 0700 means only root/sudo can execute
chmod 0700 /var/www/crons/custom/*cron* ## 0700 means only root/sudo can execute
####################################################################################################
#### SlickStack: External References Used To Improve This Script (Thanks, Interwebz) ###############
####################################################################################################
## Ref: https://linuxize.com/post/secure-apache-with-let-s-encrypt-on-ubuntu-18-04/
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49172841/install-certbot-letsencrypt-without-interaction/57019299#57019299
## Ref: https://matthewlehner.net/lets-encrypt-with-nginx
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/how-often-should-i-run-the-cerbot-cron-job-to-update-the-certificates/18851
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/how-to-get-crt-and-key-files-from-i-just-have-pem-files/7348/2
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/certificate-path/24227
## Ref: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-pause-command.html
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9483633/how-to-use-bash-read-with-a-timeout/9483693#9483693
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/229551/how-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-bash
## Ref: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/311758/remove-specific-word-in-variable
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13210880/replace-one-substring-for-another-string-in-shell-script
## Ref: https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/3039
## Ref: https://superuser.com/questions/1056183/using-a-wildcard-in-a-condition-to-match-the-beginning-of-a-string
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18730509/bash-substring-regex-matching-wildcard
## Ref: https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-symbolic-links-in-linux-using-the-ln-command/
## Ref: https://superuser.com/questions/81164/why-create-a-link-like-this-ln-nsf/81168
## Ref: https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/214820528-Validating-a-Let-s-Encrypt-Certificate-on-a-Site-Already-Active-on-Cloudflare
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/788220/lets-encrypt-certbot-validation-over-https
## Ref: https://certbot-dns-cloudflare.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
## Ref: https://dev.to/michaeldscherr/lets-encrypt-ssl-certificate-via-dns-challenge-8dd
## Ref: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/challenge-types/
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/750902/how-to-use-lets-encrypt-dns-challenge-validation
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/do-i-need-copy-dhparam-pem-file-when-i-move-certificates-to-a-new-server/47346
## Ref: https://weakdh.org/sysadmin.html
## Ref: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/38206/can-someone-explain-what-exactly-is-accomplished-by-generation-of-dh-parameters
## Ref: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/94390/whats-the-purpose-of-dh-parameters
## Ref: https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21251714/bash-script-countdown-timer-needs-to-detect-any-key-to-continue
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33614865/bash-countdown-to-execution-if-no-key-pressed
## Ref: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/293940/bash-how-can-i-make-press-any-key-to-continue
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/532559/bash-script-count-down-5-minutes-display-on-single-line
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/confusing-on-root-domain-with-wildcard-cert/56113/2
## Ref: https://gist.github.com/joepie91/7e5cad8c0726fd6a5e90360a754fc568
## Ref: https://ma.ttias.be/how-to-read-ssl-certificate-info-from-the-cli/
## Ref: http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/configuring_https_servers.html#certificate_with_several_names
## Ref: https://dev.to/nabbisen/let-s-encrypt-wildcard-certificate-with-certbot-plo
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/wildcard-certificate-does-not-work/79041
## Ref: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/rate-limits/
## Ref: https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/2071
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/how-to-prevent-creation-of-etc-letsencrypt-live-domain-tld-0001-when-removing-domains-from-a-domain-tld-multidomain-certificate/8135/14
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/letsencrypt-webroot-verification-follows-http-to-https-redirect-for-self-signed-cert/19917
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/205666/what-is-the-best-way-to-perform-timestamp-comparison-in-bash
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/552724/how-do-i-check-in-bash-whether-a-file-was-created-more-than-x-time-ago
## Ref: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/145313/find-a-file-which-is-30-minutes-old
## Ref: https://easyengine.io/wordpress-nginx/tutorials/ssl/multidomain-ssl-subject-alternative-names/
## Ref: https://www.getpagespeed.com/server-setup/ssl-directory
## Ref: https://superuser.com/questions/556493/permissions-for-ssl-key
## Ref: https://fbcs.co.uk/self-signed-multiple-domain-ssl-certificates/
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/259302/best-location-for-ssl-certificate-and-private-keys-on-ubuntu
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/error-creating-new-cert-too-many-certificates-already-issued-for-exact-set-of-domains/41542
## Ref: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/correct-way-to-completely-remove-issued-certificate-s-for-a-domain/7409
## Ref: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/78376/in-linux-how-to-delete-all-files-except-the-pattern-txt
## Ref: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/417737/how-to-use-find-command-with-variables
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/751057/which-permissions-should-i-set-to-dhparam-pem
## Ref: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/175786/is-it-required-to-have-the-same-domain-name-and-common-name-for-ssl-certificate
## Ref: https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/using-openssls-subjectaltname-with-multiple-site-domains/
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/886943/ssl-for-multiple-servers-and-sub-domains
## Ref: https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX135602_
## Ref: https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX227983
## Ref: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/74345/provide-subjectaltname-to-openssl-directly-on-the-command-line
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37035300/how-to-determine-the-default-location-for-openssl-cnf
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10175812/how-to-create-a-self-signed-certificate-with-openssl/41366949#41366949
## Ref: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/openssl-command-cheatsheet-b441be1e8c4a/
## Ref: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/6-openssl-commands
## Ref: https://geekflare.com/openssl-commands-certificates/
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1822268/how-do-i-create-my-own-wildcard-certificate-on-linux/1822279
## Ref: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/904
## Ref: https://commandlinefanatic.com/cgi-bin/showarticle.cgi?article=art030
## Ref: https://www.hpe.com/psnow/resources/ebooks/a00110920en_us_v1/GUID-4209D42E-1719-478F-906D-92B966572061.html
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44438107/trust-ssl-certificate-with-ipv6-address
## Ref: https://serverfault.com/questions/980071/ipv6-address-in-ssl-certificate
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10175812/how-to-generate-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-using-openssl
## Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60030906/self-signed-certificate-only-works-with-localhost-not-127-0-0-1
## SS_EOF