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Getting Started

Compiling Code

  • Use standard library whenever possible
    • Standard library functions and classes are in the std:: namespace. You need to include the necessary header file, and namespace classes with std::
  • There are many different compilers that take code from human readable to machine readable. We mainly use the GNU Compiler Collection (g++ program in particular, which is command line executable that compiles the code and automatically links the standard library
  • The compiler needs to have access to compiled versions of the standard library stored in object files.
  • Build tools - automate the process of compiling multiple files into object files, linking those object files together, and generating an executable
    • CMake and Make are examples of these. In this program, we won’t need to build our own Makefiles (for make) or CMakeLists.txt files (for CMake)

Installations for this course

You are welcome to write all of your code in Udacity's web-based Workspaces. If, however, you prefer to work locally on your machine, you will need to install certain software.

g++, gdb, make

macOS

includes g++ as part of Command Line Tools.

  • Launch Terminal, which can be found in the Utilities folder in Applications.
  • Type xcode-select --install into the Terminal window and press "Enter"
  • If you don't already have Xcode or Command Line Tools installed, a window will pop up. Press the Install button.
  • Verify: Type g++ into Terminal and press enter. If the output is clang: error: no input files, then the installation was successful.

Linux

These programs are typically available through the default package manager for each Linux distribution. For example, we can use APT on Ubuntu systems.

  • sudo apt update
  • sudo apt install build-essential
  • sudo apt install gdb

Windows

MinGW provides the necessary software.

Microsoft Visual Studio (VSCode):

The instructions for this are the same for all machines:

VSCode C/C++ Extension

  • Open VSCode
  • Navigate to VSCode extensions by clicking into the following menus:
  • Code > Preferences > Extensions
    • In search bar type "C/C++"
    • Select the C/C++ extension aqnd press the Install button to install this extension
  • Debugging in VSCode