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S-DOEA - Workshop 4.5 - Infrastructure as Code Workshop (Puppet)

Pre-requisite

  • AWS Account
  • AWS Region: Singapore

Notes

  • Please do not include the $ sign as part of the command.
  • Do not run Master and Slave commands on the Jup Notebook

Setting up EC2 instances for puppet

Creating EC2 Key pair

  1. Login to AWS consle and open the Amazon EC2 console.
  2. In the top navigation bar, choose the region in the dropdown region selector.
    • Region: Sydney (ap-southeast-2 a)
  3. In the left navigation pane, under Network and Security, click Key Pairs.
  4. Create Key Pair.


The private key file, which is named yourname_puppet.pem, will be downloaded on your machine. (You will need the private key file later to access the instances that we will create and launch with this key pair. If the key pair is lost, you will not be able to connect to the Amazon EC2 instances.)

Creating Security Group

  1. On the left navigation pane, under Network and Security, click Security Groups.
  2. Create Security Group for this workshop. Name the security group name with the following naming convention ddmmyy_workshop4_<your initial>. The latest AWS screen will have 6 entries (screen capture was captured using their old console UI) . Lastly, make sure the source of all 3 entries are set to anywhere.






Creating EC2 Instances

  1. In the left navigation pane, under Instances, click Instances.
  2. Launch Instance.
  3. Select Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type image. Make sure both instances disk space being configure with 20GB.


  1. Choose an instance Type. Ensure you are on free tier. Likewise if t2 micro is not availble use t2 small.


  1. On Configure Instance Details (Step 3), make sure the Instance Details are specified as shown.


  1. Leave 5 as default. Important*: Step 4 allocate 20GB for both instances
  2. Select the security group that you have created earlier on for both of the instances. Add two custom rules to the security group port 80 (HTTP) and 8140 (TCP). Port 8140 is being used for the master and slave synchronization.


  1. Proceed to Review and Launch your instance.

  2. Select the key pair you have created earlier and launch your instance.



  1. After your instances have been created and running, name your instances according to the naming convention puppet master and slave.


  1. Access the Jupyter notebook URL via the jump host stated on the pre-requisite . Upload the pem to the root directory of the jupyter notebook.




You will need the public DNS and the private key (PEM) file that have been downloaded to SSH into the respective instances.  

Setting Up Puppet on EC2 Instances (Additional instructions will be provided during the class)



  1. SSH into Puppet Master server via Jupyter Notebook Terminal
$ ls -lrt <your pem file>
$ chmod 400 <your key pair>.pem 
$ ssh -i <key pair>.pem ubuntu@<ec2 puppet master server public dns>
  1. SSH into Puppet Agent/Slave server via Jupyter Notebook Terminal (separate tab on your browser), when conencting to the slave it is not required to change the pem file permission.
$ ssh -i <key pair>.pem ubuntu@<ec2 puppet slave server public dns>
  1. Assign a hostname for the Puppet Master EC2 instance

Master

$ sudo hostname <public dns>

Resolve domain names without using Domain Name System

Verify the IP address for the Puppet Master EC2 Instance, check against the AWS EC2 dashboard

$ ifconfig
  1. Assign a hostname for the Puppet Agent EC2 instance

Agent/Slave

$ sudo hostname <public dns>

Resolve domain names without using Domain Name System

Verify the IP address for the Puppet Agent EC2 Instance, check against the AWS EC2 dashboard

$ ifconfig
  1. On Puppet Master EC2 Instance, perform the following steps:
  • Login as root
  • Add a Puppet Master private host entry
  • Update the system's package manager
  • Install puppet master

Master

Obtain the private ip and dns from the AWS EC2 dashboard. (Master)

$ sudo su -

$ echo <private ip> <private dns> >> /etc/hosts

$ apt-get update

$ apt-get install puppetmaster -y

Kindly perform the command below to label the master server prompt

$ nano ~/.bashrc

Search the following line

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '

Change the existing line to below

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\ master $ '

Exit the editor press Ctrl + x then answer yes and press enter

$ source ~/.bashrc
  1. On Puppet Agent EC2 Instance, perform the following steps:
  • Login as root
  • Add a Puppet Master/Private host entry
  • Update the system's package manager
  • Install puppet

Agent/Slave

Obtain the private ip and dns from the AWS EC2 dashboard (Agent/Slave)

$ sudo su -

$ echo <private ip> <private dns> >> /etc/hosts
$ echo <master private ip> <master private dns> >> /etc/hosts
$ echo <master public ip> <master public dns> >> /etc/hosts
$ apt-get update

$ apt-get install puppet -y

Kindly perform the command below to label the slave server prompt

Refresh the environment profile as below:-

$ nano ~/.bashrc

Search the following line

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '

Change the existing line to below

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\ slave $ '

Exit the editor press Ctrl + x then answer yes and press ENTER key

Refresh the environment profile as below:-

$ source ~/.bashrc

Agent/Slave

  1. Configure Puppet Agent to be able to communicate with Puppet Master through the Puppet's configuration file puppet.conf located under the /etc/puppet directory on the Puppet Agent Linux operating system.

Add a server entry to the end of the [main] configuration section of the puppet.conf file. Important take note this must the public DNS server name if not the issue certification service won't work.

Edit the /etc/puppet/puppet.conf using nano, in order to exit and save -> press Ctrl + X then follow by Y if any changes are made to the file.

$ nano /etc/puppet/puppet.conf

Add server and agent/runInterval attributes as the addition to the current values.

[main]
ssldir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl
server = <master public dns>

[master]
vardir = /var/lib/puppet
cadir  = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca
dns_alt_names = puppet

[agent]
runinterval = 5m

Testing your puppet environment

Puppet uses SSL certificates to authenticate communication between master and agent nodes. The Puppet master acts as a certificate authority (CA). Our master generates its own certificates which is used to sign agent certificate requests. By default, the Puppet client runs as a daemon, and the puppet agent command forks off the Puppet daemon into the background and exits immediately. The first time Puppet runs on an agent node, it will send a certificate signing request to the Puppet master. Before the master will be able to communicate and control the agent node, it must sign that particular agent node's certificate. Puppet Agent request for cert from Puppet Master

Agent/Slave

  1. Start the pupper service and also check the status of the service after issuing the start command
$ service puppet start

$ service puppet status

In order to exit the status press q

$ puppet agent --enable

Master

  1. Start the pupper service and also check the status of the service after issuing the start command
$ service puppetmaster start
$ service puppetmaster status

In order to exit the status press q

Agent/Slave

  1. Checking the list of certificates and cert requests on Puppet Master. ** Double check your dashes **
$ puppet agent --no-daemonize --onetime --verbose
$ puppet agent --test -d

Master

  1. Puppet Master sign cert request from Puppet Agent/Slave
$ puppet cert list -all
$ puppet cert sign --all

PuppetFile Development Structure

Puppet manifests are made up of a number of major components:

  1. Resources: Individual configuration items
  2. Files: Physical files you can serve out to your agents
  3. Templates: Template files that you can use to populate files
  4. Nodes: Specifies the configuration of each agent
  5. Classes: Collections of resources
  6. Definitions: Composite collections of resources

Master

  1. Create a pp file and modules on the Puppet Master node that tells Puppet where and what configuration to load for our clients in the etc/puppet/code manifests directory.
$ cd /etc/puppet/code

$ mkdir environments

$ cd environments

$ mkdir production

$ cd production

$ mkdir modules

$ mkdir manifests

$ cd manifests

Master

  1. Create a site.pp file that navigate to the custom module
$ nano site.pp

Enter the codes to the site pp file

node "default" {
  include modulea
}

To save press Ctrl + x and answer yes to save

Master

  1. Create puppet module directory structure. This directory structure has to be that way so the pupper master able to sync the codes execution to the agent.
$ cd ../modules

$ mkdir modulea

$ cd  modulea

$ mkdir files 

$ mkdir manifests

$ cd files 

$ touch test.txt

$ cd .. 

$ cd manifests

Master

  1. Create a module class init.pp file. Paste the below codes into the init.pp What this code does is install a linux utility htop and also the docker engine on the slave server.
$ nano init.pp


class modulea {
file { '/home/ubuntu':
        ensure => directory,
        owner => 'ubuntu',
        group => 'ubuntu',
}

package { 'htop':
    ensure => installed,
}

exec { "apt-update":
  command => "/usr/bin/apt-get update"
}

exec { "install-dep":
  command => "/usr/bin/apt-get --yes install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common"
}

exec { "curl-docker":
  command => "/usr/bin/curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -"
}

exec { "add-docker-dep":
  command => "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic stable'"
}

Exec["apt-update"] -> Package <| |>
Exec["install-dep"] -> Package <| |>
Exec["curl-docker"] -> Package <| |>
Exec["add-docker-dep"] -> Package <| |>
Exec["apt-update"] -> Package <| |>

package { 'docker-ce':
    ensure => installed,
}


file { "/home/ubuntu/test.txt":
        mode => "0644",
        owner => 'ubuntu',
        group => 'ubuntu',
        source => "puppet:///modules/modulea/test.txt",
    }
}

To save press Ctrl + x and answer yes to save

On the Puppet Agent node, sync with Puppet Master node.

Checkout the entire solution of the above master IAC codes on this link - https://github.com/kenken64/devops-iac

Agent/Slave

  1. Manually sync from with the master
$ puppet agent --test -d

Capture Result save it to the LumiNUS Workshop 4 submission folder

  1. Check whether the docker is installed
$ docker --version
  1. Check whether the htop is installed
htop

Press Q to quit

  1. Verify whether the test.txt being copy from the master to the slave server
ls -lrt /home/ubuntu/test.txt

Troubleshooting

Unable to sign certificate from the slave

Error: Could not request certificate: The certificate retrieved from the master does not match the agent's private key. Did you forget to run as root?
Certificate fingerprint: E0:F6:92:CE:96:A5:D1:9C:4B:DB:0D:66:31:FF:04:C1:04:A2:65:67:BD:21:52:BF:CD:D0:F8:DD:E0:7F:47:65
To fix this, remove the certificate from both the master and the agent and then start a puppet run, which will automatically regenerate a certificate.
On the master:
  puppet cert clean ec2-63-33-70-42.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
On the agent:
  1a. On most platforms: find /var/lib/puppet/ssl -name ec2-63-33-70-42.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com.pem -delete
  1b. On Windows: del "\var\lib\puppet\ssl\certs\ec2-63-33-70-42.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com.pem" /f
  2. puppet agent -t

References