Support structured contextual logging

[brandond]

We should align with upstream changes for logging in 1.35:

• contextual logging kubernetes/enhancements#3077
• Structured logging kubernetes/enhancements#1602
• client-go should log with the context kubernetes/kubernetes#119813

This would mostly just require wrapping context with named loggers at various points within the codebase. This would assist with long-running challenges around figuring out which component is emitting what log message.

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