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develop-record.tex
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develop-record.tex
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\documentclass[a5paper,9pt]{book}
\usepackage{xeCJK}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{ctex}
\usepackage[top=3cm,bottom=3cm,left=3cm,right=3cm, headsep=10pt,a5paper]{geometry} % Page margins
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for including pictures
\graphicspath{{Pictures/}{Image/common/}} % Specifies the directory where pictures are stored
\usepackage{lipsum} % Inserts dummy text
\usepackage[ddmmyyyy]{datetime}
\usepackage{tikz} % Required for drawing custom shapes
\usepackage[english]{babel} % English language/hyphenation
\usepackage{enumitem} % Customize lists
\setlist{nolistsep} % Reduce spacing between bullet points and numbered lists
\usepackage{booktabs} % Required for nicer horizontal rules in tables
\usepackage{xcolor} % Required for specifying colors by name
\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{243,102,25} % Define the orange color used for highlighting throughout the book
\usepackage{avant} % Use the Avantgarde font for headings
%\usepackage{times} % Use the Times font for headings
\usepackage{mathptmx} % Use the Adobe Times Roman as the default text font together with math symbols from the Symbol, Chancery and Computer Modern fonts
\usepackage{microtype} % Slightly tweak font spacing for aesthetics
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
{\renewcommand{\bibname}{References}}
%\usepackage[backend=bibtex,style=numeric]{biblatex}
%\defbibheading{bibempty}{}
\usepackage{calc} % 简单的计算功能
\usepackage{makeidx} % 创建索引
\makeindex % Tells LaTeX to create the files required for indexing
\usepackage{titletoc} % 目录操作
\usepackage[bookmarksopen,bookmarksdepth=4]{hyperref}
\makeatletter
\def\UrlAlphabet{%
\do\a\do\b\do\c\do\d\do\e\do\f\do\g\do\h\do\i\do\j%
\do\k\do\l\do\m\do\n\do\o\do\p\do\q\do\r\do\s\do\t%
\do\u\do\v\do\w\do\x\do\y\do\z\do\A\do\B\do\C\do\D%
\do\E\do\F\do\G\do\H\do\I\do\J\do\K\do\L\do\M\do\N%
\do\O\do\P\do\Q\do\R\do\S\do\T\do\U\do\V\do\W\do\X%
\do\Y\do\Z}
\def\UrlDigits{\do\1\do\2\do\3\do\4\do\5\do\6\do\7\do\8\do\9\do\0}
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlAlphabet}
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlDigits}
\makeatother
%When compile under liunx%
%\setCJKmainfont{WenQuanYi Micro Hei} % 设置缺省中文字体
\contentsmargin{0cm} % Removes the default margin
\lstdefinelanguage{JavaScript}{
keywords={typeof, new, true, false, catch, function, return, null, catch, switch, var, if, in, while, do, else, case, break},
keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries,
ndkeywords={class, export, boolean, throw, implements, import, this},
ndkeywordstyle=\color{darkgray}\bfseries,
identifierstyle=\color{black},
sensitive=false,
comment=[l]{//},
morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},
commentstyle=\color{purple}\ttfamily,
stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily,
morestring=[b]',
morestring=[b]"
}
%Figure显示为中文的“图”
\renewcommand\figurename{图}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
%Set Code Format%
\lstloadlanguages{C, csh, make,python,Java,JavaScript}
\lstset{
alsolanguage= XML,
tabsize=4, %
frame=shadowbox, %把代码用带有阴影的框圈起来
commentstyle=\color{red!50!green!50!blue!50},%浅灰色的注释
frameround=tttt,
rulesepcolor=\color{red!20!green!20!blue!20},%代码块边框为淡青色
keywordstyle=\color{blue!90}\bfseries, %代码关键字的颜色为蓝色，粗体
showstringspaces=false,%不显示代码字符串中间的空格标记
stringstyle=\ttfamily, % 代码字符串的特殊格式
keepspaces=true, %
breakindent=22pt, %
breaklines=true,%设置代码自动换行
numbers=left,%左侧显示行号 往左靠,还可以为right，或none，即不加行号
stepnumber=1,%若设置为2，则显示行号为1,3,5，即stepnumber为公差,默认stepnumber=1
%numberstyle=\tiny, %行号字体用小号
numberstyle={\color[RGB]{0,192,192}\tiny},%设置行号的大小，大小有tiny,scriptsize,footnotesize,small,normalsize,large等
numbersep=8pt, %设置行号与代码的距离，默认是5pt
basicstyle=\ttfamily, % 这句设置代码的大小
showspaces=false, %
escapechar=`,
flexiblecolumns=true, %
breaklines=true, %对过长的代码自动换行
breakautoindent=true,%
breakindent=4em, %
aboveskip=1em, %代码块边框
tabsize=4,
showstringspaces=false, %不显示字符串中的空格
backgroundcolor=\color[RGB]{245,245,244}, %代码背景色
%backgroundcolor=\color[rgb]{0.91,0.91,0.91} %添加背景色
escapeinside={``}{\_}, %在``里显示中文
%% added by http://bbs.ctex.org/viewthread.php?tid=53451
fontadjust,
captionpos=t,
framextopmargin=2pt,
framexbottommargin=2pt,
abovecaptionskip=-3pt,
belowcaptionskip=3pt,
xleftmargin=1em,
xrightmargin=1em, % 设定listing左右的空白
texcl=true
}
% Part text styling
%%%\titlecontents{part}[0cm]{\addvspace{20pt}\centering\large\sffamily}{}{}{}
% Chapter text styling
\titlecontents{chapter}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{12pt}\large\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for chapters
{\color{ocre!60}\contentslabel[\Large\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}\color{ocre}} % Chapter number
{\color{ocre}}
{\color{ocre!60}\normalsize\;\titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
% Section text styling
\titlecontents{section}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{3pt}\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for sections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Section number
{}
{\hfill\color{black}\thecontentspage} % Page number
[]
% Subsection text styling
\titlecontents{subsection}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{1pt}\sffamily\small} % Spacing and font options for subsections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Subsection number
{}
{\ \titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
[]
% List of figures
\titlecontents{figure}[0em]
{\addvspace{-5pt}\sffamily}
{\thecontentslabel\hspace*{1em}}
{}
{\ \titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage}
[]
% List of tables
\titlecontents{table}[0em]
{\addvspace{-5pt}\sffamily}
{\thecontentslabel\hspace*{1em}}
{}
{\ \titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage}
[]
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% MINI TABLE OF CONTENTS IN PART HEADS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Chapter text styling
\titlecontents{lchapter}[0em] % Indenting
{\addvspace{15pt}\large\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for chapters
{\color{ocre}\contentslabel[\Large\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}\color{ocre}} % Chapter number
{}
{\color{ocre}\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries\;\titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
% Section text styling
\titlecontents{lsection}[0em] % Indenting
{\sffamily\small} % Spacing and font options for sections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Section number
{}
{}
% Subsection text styling
\titlecontents{lsubsection}[.5em] % Indentation
{\normalfont\footnotesize\sffamily} % Font settings
{}
{}
{}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PAGE HEADERS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Required for header and footer configuration
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\sffamily\normalsize\bfseries\chaptername\ \thechapter.\ #1}{}} % Chapter text font settings
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\sffamily\normalsize\thesection\hspace{5pt}#1}{}} % Section text font settings
\fancyhf{} \fancyhead[LE,RO]{\sffamily\normalsize\thepage} % Font setting for the page number in the header
\fancyhead[LO]{\rightmark} % Print the nearest section name on the left side of odd pages
\fancyhead[RE]{\leftmark} % Print the current chapter name on the right side of even pages
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} % Width of the rule under the header
\addtolength{\headheight}{2.5pt} % Increase the spacing around the header slightly
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Removes the rule in the footer
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} % Style for when a plain pagestyle is specified
% Removes the header from odd empty pages at the end of chapters
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\cleardoublepage}{
\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
\hbox{}
\vspace*{\fill}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\newpage
\fi}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% THEOREM STYLES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm} % For math equations, theorems, symbols, etc
\newcommand{\intoo}[2]{\mathopen{]}#1\,;#2\mathclose{[}}
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathop{\mathrm{{}d}}\mathopen{}}
\newcommand{\intff}[2]{\mathopen{[}#1\,;#2\mathclose{]}}
\newtheorem{notation}{Notation}[chapter]
% Boxed/framed environments
\newtheoremstyle{ocrenumbox}% % Theorem style name
{0pt}% Space above
{0pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3.}} % Optional theorem note
\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$}% Optional qed square
\newtheoremstyle{blacknumex}% Theorem style name
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% Body font
{} % Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily}% Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily{\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\nobreakspace\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries---\nobreakspace#3.}}% Optional theorem note
\newtheoremstyle{blacknumbox} % Theorem style name
{0pt}% Space above
{0pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily}% Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries---\nobreakspace#3.}}% Optional theorem note
% Non-boxed/non-framed environments
\newtheoremstyle{ocrenum}% % Theorem style name
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3.}} % Optional theorem note
\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$}% Optional qed square
\makeatother
% Defines the theorem text style for each type of theorem to one of the three styles above
\newcounter{dummy}
\numberwithin{dummy}{section}
\theoremstyle{ocrenumbox}
\newtheorem{theoremeT}[dummy]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{problem}{Problem}[chapter]
\newtheorem{exerciseT}{Exercise}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{blacknumex}
\newtheorem{exampleT}{Example}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{blacknumbox}
\newtheorem{vocabulary}{Vocabulary}[chapter]
\newtheorem{definitionT}{Definition}[section]
\newtheorem{corollaryT}[dummy]{Corollary}
\theoremstyle{ocrenum}
\newtheorem{proposition}[dummy]{Proposition}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% DEFINITION OF COLORED BOXES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\RequirePackage[framemethod=default]{mdframed} % Required for creating the theorem, definition, exercise and corollary boxes
% Theorem box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{tBox}
% Exercise box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
backgroundcolor=ocre!10,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
innerbottommargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt]{eBox}
% Definition box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=0pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt,
innerbottommargin=0pt]{dBox}
% Corollary box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
linecolor=gray,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{cBox}
% Creates an environment for each type of theorem and assigns it a theorem text style from the "Theorem Styles" section above and a colored box from above
\newenvironment{theorem}{\begin{tBox}\begin{theoremeT}}{\end{theoremeT}\end{tBox}}
\newenvironment{exercise}{\begin{eBox}\begin{exerciseT}}{\hfill{\color{ocre}\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\end{exerciseT}\end{eBox}}
\newenvironment{definition}{\begin{dBox}\begin{definitionT}}{\end{definitionT}\end{dBox}}
\newenvironment{example}{\begin{exampleT}}{\hfill{\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\end{exampleT}}
\newenvironment{corollary}{\begin{cBox}\begin{corollaryT}}{\end{corollaryT}\end{cBox}}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% REMARK ENVIRONMENT
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\newenvironment{remark}{\par\vspace{10pt}\small % Vertical white space above the remark and smaller font size
\begin{list}{}{
\leftmargin=35pt % Indentation on the left
\rightmargin=25pt}\item\ignorespaces % Indentation on the right
\makebox[-2.5pt]{\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
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\noindent Copyright \textcopyright\ 2017 Xiaoqiang Jiang\\ % Copyright notice
\noindent \textsc{Edited by Xiaoqiang Jiang}\\ % Publisher
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这里记录的是一些比较杂乱的笔记，绝大多数文字皆来源于网络，不是自己的原创，这里没有高深的算法，没有宏伟的技术及系统架构，只是一些平时工作中遇到的一些问题，和解决问题的思路以及所采用的方案。由于平时工作时还没有遇到前人没有遇到过的问题需要自己发明方去解决(其实真的遇到估计也是没辙)，所以绝大部分内容是为了避免再遇到同样的问题时，又需要到处去搜寻，索性将之记录下来，以便于下次可以快刀斩乱麻，迅速解决问题。
\mainmatter
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PART
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\part{Framework}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% CHAPTER 1
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\chapterimage{chapterhead2.pdf} % Chapter heading image
\chapter{Spring}
\section{Common Sense}\index{Common Sense}
\subsection{classpath}\index{classpath}
理解classpath花了不短的时间，classpath到底是哪个目录？配置文件中指定的classpath程序到底在哪里找的？都困扰着我。其实有很好的方法来深深的理解classpath，如下代码片段打印出来当前项目的classpath以及包含的文件。
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java,basicstyle=\small\ttfamily]
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
URL[] urls = ((URLClassLoader) classLoader).getURLs();
for (URL url : urls) {
System.out.println(url.getFile());
}
}
}
\end{lstlisting}
从代码的输出结果即可看出，classpath具体是哪些文件夹。
\begin{lstlisting}
# 与JDK相关的文件夹
/home/local/jdk1.8.0_111/jre/lib
/home/local/jdk1.8.0_111/jre/lib/ext
/home/local/jdk1.8.0_111/lib
# 与项目相关的文件夹，这里仅仅是一个module
/home/credit-system/cc-data/build/classes/main/
/home/credit-system/cc-data/build/resources/main/
# 与Gradle相关的文件夹
/home/hldev/.gradle/caches
\end{lstlisting}
所以在项目中看到如下的配置就不难理解了：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
bean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:/mybatis/*.xml"));
\end{lstlisting}
它实际上就是映射的如图\ref{fig:classpathfile}中所示的XML文件。
\begin{figure}[tbph]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{classpathfile}
\caption{MyBatis映射classpath中的文件}
\label{fig:classpathfile}
\end{figure}
classpath是指编译过后的WEB-INF文件夹下的的classes目录。配置文件一般放在 resources 目录下, 当编译之后会自动复制到 classes 目录下。classpath*:的使用是为了多个component(最终发布成不同的jar包)并行开发,各自的bean定义文件按照一定的规则:package+filename,而使用这些component的调用者可以把这些文件都加载进来。不仅包含 classes 路径，还包括 jar 文件 classes 路径进行查找。classpath:只能加载找到的第一个文件。然而，使用classpath*:需要遍历所有的classpath，加载速度很慢，因此您应该尽量避免使用classpath*。有时提示找不到资源文件，首先检查资源文件夹的名称，资源文件夹的名称默认为resources，注意有一个s，其次是要检查此文件夹是否定义成了资源文件夹，资源文件夹与普通文件夹不同，资源文件夹有一个层叠的标识，如图\ref{fig:javaresourcefolder}所示。
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{javaresourcefolder.png}
\caption{Intellij Idea中的资源文件夹}
\label{fig:javaresourcefolder}
\end{figure}
仅仅是建立一个resources文件夹是不够的，还需要将之定义成资源文件夹，在文件夹上右键，选择Mark Directionary As，将之定义为资源文件夹。定义为资源文件夹后，即可通过如下方式指定配置文件的位置：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
@Configuration
@Data
@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public class DataSourceConfig {
private String jdbcUrl;
private String username;
private String driverClassName;
private String password;
}
\end{lstlisting}
在Intellij Idea中，如果要把配置文件加入classpath，可以将配置文件标记为资源文件。
\subsection{immutable}
多线程共享变量的情况下，为了保证数据一致性，往往需要对这些变量的访问进行加锁。而锁本身又会带来一些问题和开销。Immutable Object模式使得我们可以在不使用锁的情况下，既保证共享变量访问的线程安全，又能避免引入锁可能带来的问题和开销。多线程环境中，一个对象常常会被多个线程共享。这种情况下，如果存在多个线程并发地修改该对象的状态或者一个线程读取该对象的状态而另外一个线程试图修改该对象的状态，我们不得不做一些同步访问控制以保证数据一致性。而这些同步访问控制，如显式锁和CAS操作，会带来额外的开销和问题，如上下文切换、等待时间和ABA问题等。Immutable Object模式的意图是通过使用对外可见的状态不可变的对象（即Immutable Object），使得被共享对象“天生”具有线程安全性，而无需额外的同步访问控制。从而既保证了数据一致性，又避免了同步访问控制所产生的额外开销和问题，也简化了编程。
可以遵照以下几点来编写一个不可变类:
\begin{enumerate}
\item{类应该定义成final，避免被继承。将类声明为final (强不可变类)，或者将所有类方法加上final(弱不可变类)。或者使用静态工厂并声明构造器为private。}
\item{声明属性为 private 和 final。}
\item {不要提供任何可以修改对象状态的方法：不仅仅是set方法，还有任何其它可以改变状态的方法。}
\item {如果类有任何可变对象属性，那么当它们在类和类的调用者间传递的时候必须被保护性拷贝。如果某一个类成员不是原始变量(primitive)或者不可变类，必须通过在成员初始化(in)或者get方法(out)时通过深度clone方法，来确保类的不可变。}
\end{enumerate}
不可变对象有几个优点：线程安全、易于理解、不可变对象有更高的安全性。
\subsection{集合操作(Collection Operate)}
\paragraph{数组转换为ArrayList}
数组转List有如下方式：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
Integer[] integers = new Integer[] {1,2,3,4,5};
/*
可以采用此方法填充数组，初始化数组
*/
Arrays.fill(integers,1);
// Cannot modify returned list
List<Integer> list21 = Arrays.asList(integers);
// good
List<Integer> list22 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(integers));
//Java 8
List<Integer> list23 = Arrays.stream(integers).collect(Collectors.toList());
\end{lstlisting}
采用Arrays.asList转时，返回的List不能修改，因为asList()返回的列表是由原始数组支持的固定大小的列表。这种情况下，如果添加或删除列表中的元素，程序会抛出异常UnsupportedOperationException。
\paragraph{List}
如下代码片段按照responsekey对集合进行分组：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
Map<String, List<FeedbackRecord>> groupByLists = feedbackRecords
.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(FeedbackRecord::getResponsekey));
\end{lstlisting}
如果需要在创建List时对其初始化：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
List<String> defaultUnion = new ArrayList<String>() {
{
add(PublicVariable.DEFALT_ACCORDING_IMPLEMENT);
}
};
\end{lstlisting}
有时需要将List对象按照对象某一个字段是否重复进行去重，可以先重写对象的equals方法：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (!(o instanceof UnitedAwardsPenalties)) return false;
UnitedAwardsPenalties stu = (UnitedAwardsPenalties) o;
return implementContent != null ? implementContent.equals(stu.implementContent) : stu.implementContent == null;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = id.hashCode();
result = 31 * result + memo.hashCode();
return result;
}
\end{lstlisting}
就可以对对象进行直接比较：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
/**
* 去重
*/
unitedAPMapper.pageUnitedAPList(paramsMap)
.stream()
.forEach(element -> {
if (!distinctUnitedAwardsPenaltiesList.contains(element)) {
distinctUnitedAwardsPenaltiesList.add(element);
}
});
\end{lstlisting}
\paragraph{查找(Search)}
如下代码片段查找第一个符合条件的元素：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
//更加直接的方式判断是否有符合条件的元素
boolean isChild = users.stream()
.anyMatch(t->t.age<18);
\end{lstlisting}
\paragraph{parallelStream}
在采用parallelStream时，不能使用全局的可变对象，要么使用不可变对象，要么使用局部对象，如下代码片段所示：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
List<String> example = new ArrayList<>();
example.add("a");
example.add("b");
example.add("c");
example.add("d");
Pageable pageable = DataUtils.pageable(1, 2, "a", "asc");
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
example.parallelStream().forEach(element -> {
pageable.addSomeParam("a", element);
if ("a".equals(element)) {
System.out.println(pageable.getParams().get("a"));
}
});
}
\end{lstlisting}
运行此段代码，会发现和字符串a相等的元素输出有可能为b、c、d。为什么会出现这样的现象呢，是由于使用了全局的可变对象pageable，当执行到输出语句时，pageable可能已经被其他线程设置成了另外的值。解决的办法之一是序列化后再反序列化，此时会生成新的对象：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
String json = JSON.toJSONString(pageable);
/*
* 通过JSON序列化变相深拷贝对象
*/
Pageable copyPageable = JSON.parseObject(json, Pageable.class);
\end{lstlisting}
\paragraph{Object转为Map}
有时需要将Object实体转换为Map的方式：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
public static Map<?, ?> objectToMap(Object obj) {
if (obj == null)
return null;
return new org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanMap(obj);
}
//调用
Map<String, Object> stringObjectMap = (Map<String, Object>) objectToMap(documentList.get(i));
\end{lstlisting}
需要引用BeanUtils包，Gradle引用如下：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
compile group: 'commons-beanutils', name: 'commons-beanutils', version: '1.9.3'
\end{lstlisting}
BeanUtils主要提供了对于JavaBean进行各种操作。
\subsection{正则表达式(Regular Expression)}
匹配电话号码的正则表达式：
\begin{lstlisting}
"^1(3[4-9]|4[7]|5[0-27-9]|7[08]|8[2-478])\\d{8}$"
\end{lstlisting}
[]匹配模式能够匹配方括号内任意字符，[08]可匹配0或者8。以上匹配电话号码的正则表达式会随着时间过期，比如某些号码段新开放时，相应的正则表达式会过期，比如以上正则表达式就无法匹配17623083674这个电话号码。Javascript根据空格和换行做分割：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Javascript]
let paramList = value.split(/\n+|\s+/);
\end{lstlisting}
\textbackslash{}n表示匹配一个换行符。+字符表示匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。要匹配 + 字符，请使用 \textbackslash{}+。替换空格：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Javascript]
/*
其实不能替换空格
\s匹配任何不可见字符，包括空格、制表符、换页符等等。等价于[ \f\n\r\t\v]
\f:form feed character
\n:new line character
\r:carriage return character
\t:tab character
\v:vertical tab character
\S匹配任何可见字符。等价于[^ \f\n\r\t\v]
*/
values.replace(/\s/g, '').split(/\n+/);
// 方式三
values.replace(/[ ]/g, '').split(/\n+/);
\end{lstlisting}
\textbackslash{}s元字符用于查找空白字符。
空白字符可以是：
空格符 (space character)
制表符 (tab character)
回车符 (carriage return character)
换行符 (new line character)
垂直换行符 (vertical tab character)
换页符 (form feed character)。 /g是全局(Global)匹配。
\paragraph{匹配不包含特定字符串}
在Google Chrome中有定时请求，但是在开发过程中在Network面板中不需要查看到定时请求的项，在filter中可以采用如下的正则表达式：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Javascript]
/^((?!unfeedback).)*$/
\end{lstlisting}
这样就不会看到定时请求的XHR来扰乱视线了。
\subsection{Code Snippets}
有时想测试某段代码的运行效果，代码足够短也不太需要使用IDE来运行，相当于一个代码草稿本类似的功能。那么此时可以使用Visual Studio Code中使用Code Runner插件，此插件可以支持多种语言，测试草稿代码，如图\ref{fig:visualstudiocodesnippet}所示，想要查看对一个空字符串做toString()操作会有什么效果：
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{visualstudiocodesnippet.png}
\caption{Visual Studio Code代码草稿}
\label{fig:visualstudiocodesnippet}
\end{figure}
ArrayList分页：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
return new Page<>(pageable, menuList.subList((page - 1) * size, page * size));
\end{lstlisting}
Optional避免空指针：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
public static String getChampionName(Competition comp) throws IllegalArgumentException {
return Optional.ofNullable(comp)
.map(c->c.getResult())
.map(r->r.getChampion())
.map(u->u.getName())
.orElseThrow(()->new IllegalArgumentException("The value of param comp isn't available."));
}
\end{lstlisting}
Optional参数验证：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
public void setName(String name) throws IllegalArgumentException{
this.name = Optional.ofNullable(name)
.filter(User::isNameValid)
.orElseThrow(()->new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid username."));
}
\end{lstlisting}
Optional返回默认值，避免空指针：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
String provinceOrgName = allOrgs.stream()
.filter(orgItem -> orgItem.getOrgId().equals(subDeptOrgId))
.findFirst()
.orElseGet(() -> {
Org defaultOrg = new Org();
defaultOrg.setOrgName("未知部门");
return defaultOrg;
})
.getOrgName();
\end{lstlisting}
String.ValueOf()的坑:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
//如果article.getCategory()为空返回null字符串
String categoryId = String.valueOf(article.getCategory());
\end{lstlisting}
String.valueOf中如果对象为空，就返回字符串的"null"，注意不是null对象，是字符串、字符串、字符串。
\subsection{Java时间}
Java的Date类在返回时，日期总是被减去一天，调整为LocalDateTime即可。这是因为System.out.println函数在打印时间时，会取操作系统当前所设置的时区，然后根据这个时区将同毫秒数解释成该时区的时间。java.util.Date月份从0开始，一月是0，十二月是11，变态吧！java.time.LocalDate月份和星期都改成了enum，就不可能再用错了。java.util.Date和SimpleDateFormatter都不是线程安全的，而LocalDate和LocalTime和最基本的String一样，是不变类型，不但线程安全，而且不能修改。java.util.Date是一个“万能接口”，它包含日期、时间，还有毫秒数，如果你只想用java.util.Date存储日期，或者只存储时间，那么，只有你知道哪些部分的数据是有用的，哪些部分的数据是不能用的。在新的Java 8中，日期和时间被明确划分为LocalDate和LocalTime，LocalDate无法包含时间，LocalTime无法包含日期。当然，LocalDateTime才能同时包含日期和时间。
\subsection{Java版本}
项目部署的时候，发现部署一个文件后与之相关的模块都无法访问了，只添加了方法。由于是接受接手项目，推测是Java版本的问题。将服务端的class文件拷贝到本地，用命令查看编译的Java版本：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Bash]
javap -verbose NoticeController.class
\end{lstlisting}
显示版本号为51，说明是JDK1.7，而本地的是52，是JDK1.8。
\subsection{Java对象拷贝}
clone()方法是使用Object类的 clone() 方法，但是该方法存在一个缺陷，它并不会将对象的所有属性全部拷贝过来，而是有选择性的拷贝，基本规则如下：
1、基本类型
如果变量是基本很类型，则拷贝其值，比如 int、float 等。
2、对象
如果变量是一个实例对象，则拷贝其地址引用，也就是说此时新对象与原来对象是公用该实例变量。这里就是问题所在，如果对象里包含有其他实例对象，则不管通过new对象还是clone对象，对一个实例对象的修改都会影响到其他对象。可以通过序列化和反序列化来深拷贝对象，真的是序列化和反序列化。如下代码片段所示：
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Java]
String json = JSON.toJSONString(pageable1);
/**