diff --git a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ContextFinder.java b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ContextFinder.java
index 10c995e..eed4b3d 100644
--- a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ContextFinder.java
+++ b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ContextFinder.java
@@ -231,13 +231,6 @@ public Object run() throws Exception {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create an instance of a class using the thread context ClassLoader
-     */
-    private static JAXBContext newInstance(Class<?>[] classes, Map<String, ?> properties, String className) throws JAXBException {
-        return newInstance(classes, properties, className, getContextClassLoader());
-    }
-
     /**
      * Create an instance of a class using passed in ClassLoader
      */
@@ -315,7 +308,7 @@ static JAXBContext find(String factoryId,
         }
 
         JAXBContextFactory obj = ServiceLoaderUtil.firstByServiceLoader(
-                JAXBContextFactory.class, logger, EXCEPTION_HANDLER);
+                JAXBContextFactory.class, logger, EXCEPTION_HANDLER, classLoader);
 
         if (obj != null) {
             ModuleUtil.delegateAddOpensToImplModule(contextPathClasses, obj.getClass());
@@ -341,8 +334,12 @@ static JAXBContext find(String factoryId,
     }
 
     static JAXBContext find(Class<?>[] classes, Map<String, ?> properties) throws JAXBException {
+        return find(classes, getContextClassLoader(), properties);
+    }
+
+    static JAXBContext find(Class<?>[] classes, ClassLoader classLoader, Map<String, ?> properties) throws JAXBException {
         String factoryClassName = classNameFromSystemProperties();
-        if (factoryClassName != null) return newInstance(classes, properties, factoryClassName);
+        if (factoryClassName != null) return newInstance(classes, properties, factoryClassName, classLoader);
 
         if (properties != null) {
             Object ctxFactory = properties.get(JAXBContext.JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY);
@@ -361,12 +358,12 @@ static JAXBContext find(Class<?>[] classes, Map<String, ?> properties) throws JA
                         .stream()
                         .filter(Predicate.not(e -> JAXBContext.JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY.equals(e.getKey())))
                         .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
-                return newInstance(classes, props, factoryClassName);
+                return newInstance(classes, props, factoryClassName, classLoader);
             }
         }
 
         JAXBContextFactory factory =
-                ServiceLoaderUtil.firstByServiceLoader(JAXBContextFactory.class, logger, EXCEPTION_HANDLER);
+                ServiceLoaderUtil.firstByServiceLoader(JAXBContextFactory.class, logger, EXCEPTION_HANDLER, classLoader);
 
         if (factory != null) {
             ModuleUtil.delegateAddOpensToImplModule(classes, factory.getClass());
@@ -378,12 +375,12 @@ static JAXBContext find(Class<?>[] classes, Map<String, ?> properties) throws JA
                 ServiceLoaderUtil.lookupUsingOSGiServiceLoader(JAXBContext.JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY, logger);
 
         if (ctxFactoryClass != null) {
-            return newInstance(classes, properties, ctxFactoryClass);
+            return newInstance(classes, properties, ctxFactoryClass.toString(), classLoader);
         }
 
         // else no provider found
         logger.fine("Trying to create the platform default provider");
-        return newInstance(classes, properties, DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS);
+        return newInstance(classes, properties, DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS, classLoader);
     }
 
     private static String classNameFromSystemProperties() throws JAXBException {
diff --git a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContext.java b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContext.java
index f2295f0..190421c 100644
--- a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContext.java
+++ b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContext.java
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
  * factory class. This phase of the look up enables per-JVM override of the Jakarta XML Binding implementation.
  *
  * <li>
- * If the property {@link #JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY} exists in the {@code Map<String, ?>} passed to {@link #newInstance(Class[], Map)}
+ * If the property {@link #JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY} exists in the {@code Map<String, ?>} passed to {@link #newInstance(Class[], ClassLoader, Map)}
  * or to {@link #newInstance(String, ClassLoader, Map)}, then its value is assumed to be the fully qualified provider factory class name.
  * This phase of the look up enables context sensitive selection of the Jakarta XML Binding implementation.
  *
@@ -543,7 +543,12 @@ public static JAXBContext newInstance( String contextPath,
     public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class<?> ... classesToBeBound )
             throws JAXBException {
 
-        return newInstance(classesToBeBound,Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap());
+        return newInstance(classesToBeBound, getContextClassLoader(), Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap());
+    }
+
+    public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class<?>[] classesToBeBound, ClassLoader classLoader)
+            throws JAXBException {
+        return newInstance(classesToBeBound, classLoader, Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -588,7 +593,7 @@ public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class<?> ... classesToBeBound )
      *
      * @since 1.6, JAXB 2.0
      */
-    public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class<?>[] classesToBeBound, Map<String,?> properties )
+    public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class<?>[] classesToBeBound, ClassLoader classLoader, Map<String,?> properties )
             throws JAXBException {
 
         if (classesToBeBound == null) {
@@ -602,7 +607,7 @@ public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class<?>[] classesToBeBound, Map<String,?
             }
         }
 
-        return ContextFinder.find(classesToBeBound,properties);
+        return ContextFinder.find(classesToBeBound, classLoader, properties);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContextFactory.java b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContextFactory.java
index 6a1cfc1..beeaa14 100644
--- a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContextFactory.java
+++ b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/JAXBContextFactory.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public interface JAXBContextFactory {
      * Create a new instance of a {@code JAXBContext} class.
      *
      * <p>
-     * For semantics see {@link jakarta.xml.bind.JAXBContext#newInstance(Class[], java.util.Map)}
+     * For semantics see {@link jakarta.xml.bind.JAXBContext#newInstance(Class[], ClassLoader, java.util.Map)}
      *
      * @param classesToBeBound
      *      List of java classes to be recognized by the new {@link JAXBContext}.
diff --git a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ServiceLoaderUtil.java b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ServiceLoaderUtil.java
index 352beab..97f8bdb 100644
--- a/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ServiceLoaderUtil.java
+++ b/api/src/main/java/jakarta/xml/bind/ServiceLoaderUtil.java
@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@ class ServiceLoaderUtil {
 
     static <P, T extends Exception> P firstByServiceLoader(Class<P> spiClass,
                                                            Logger logger,
-                                                           ExceptionHandler<T> handler) throws T {
+                                                           ExceptionHandler<T> handler,
+                                                           ClassLoader classLoader) throws T {
         // service discovery
         try {
-            ServiceLoader<P> serviceLoader = ServiceLoader.load(spiClass);
+            ServiceLoader<P> serviceLoader = ServiceLoader.load(spiClass, classLoader);
 
             for (P impl : serviceLoader) {
                 logger.log(Level.FINE, "ServiceProvider loading Facility used; returning object [{0}]",
@@ -129,6 +130,19 @@ static <T extends Exception> Object newInstance(String className,
         }
     }
 
+    static <T extends Exception> Object newInstance(String className,
+                                                    String defaultImplClassName,
+                                                    ClassLoader classLoader,
+                                                    final ExceptionHandler<T> handler) throws T {
+        try {
+            return safeLoadClass(className, defaultImplClassName, classLoader).getConstructor().newInstance();
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
+            throw handler.createException(x, "Provider " + className + " not found");
+        } catch (Exception x) {
+            throw handler.createException(x, "Provider " + className + " could not be instantiated: " + x);
+        }
+    }
+
     static Class<?> safeLoadClass(String className,
                                String defaultImplClassName,
                                ClassLoader classLoader) throws ClassNotFoundException {