python-bootcamp-part-2.ipynb

{"cells":[{"metadata":{"_uuid":"f2ab636296e26361641fa26235613bcbbb6aa51b"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"# Intro of this bootcamp:\n<b> A simple effort from me to make a Python bootcamp 3 Days for beginners who are enthusiastic about Machine Learning. If you miss [Day-01](https://goo.gl/NErwwb) then you can check this firstly.Then see Day-02.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/XcoYcRP.jpg)   "},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"ee235924e992f0b5c13f54dee8bd6478b83e0b67"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"# Intro of this notebook:\nIn this notebook we are going to get familiar with Python. We will cover the Intermediate portion of Python which can be very useful for Machine Learning."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"316f9664b7d003e338245f8f16e59711d4f363cc"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## Now Lets Start!✌"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"308f8ffcffb8db500d4dfc02b22bcfe007e09d84"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"# &#128204; Code , Style, and Links"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"eaeee695ed51714d16ca322eea9c7851a46bdf05"},"cell_type":"code","source":"%%html\n<style>\n@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ewert|Roboto&effect=3d|ice|');\nbody {background-color: gainsboro;} \na {color: #000000; font-family: 'Roboto';} \nh1 {color: #000000; font-family: 'Orbitron'; text-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #aaa;} \nh2, h3 {color: slategray; font-family: 'Orbitron'; text-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #aaa;}\nh4 {color: #818286; font-family: 'Roboto';}\nspan {font-family:'Roboto'; color:black; text-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #aaa;}  \ndiv.output_area pre{font-family:'Roboto'; font-size:110%; color:lightblue;}      \n</style>","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"0643ce91e37c542f59d83532a77f63559916bd37"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":" ## &#128209; Table of Content :\n**Python Basic**-[Day-01](https://goo.gl/NErwwb)\n* Introduction of python\n* Features of Python programming language\n* Implementation of python(Part-01) \n  *  Variables and Maths Operations\n  *   Casting\n  *   String\n  *   List\n  *   Tuples\n  *   Sets\n  *   Dictionaries\n  *   User Input\n  \n**Python Intermediate**\n* Implementation of python(Part-02) \n  * If-Elif-Else\n  * For Loop\n  * While Loop\n  * Functions\n  * Lambda expressions\n  * List Comprehensions\n  * Errors and Exceptions Handling\n  * Math Module\n  * Map"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"1af31e9c60fe321f93b1f576a6a97ff08fc1f7a9"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"# 1.Implementation of python(Part-02)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"474a92335cf77d059a11d63d2128b2d6aa5399eb"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.1 If-Elif-Else\nDecision making is required when we want to execute a code only if a certain condition is satisfied.The if…elif…else statement is used in Python for decision making.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/VQ91q4h.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"fc9bdcfb7140cec256daa86d997defeee55c95b8"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### Python if Statement Syntax\nHere, the program evaluates the test expression and will execute statement(s) only if the text expression is ``True``.\nIf the text expression is ``False``, the statement(s) is not executed.\n\nIn Python, the body of the ``if`` statement is indicated by the indentation. Body starts with an indentation and the first unindented line marks the end.\n\nPython interprets non-zero values as ``True``. ``None`` and ``0`` are interpreted as ``False``."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"fa28bc5505cd9c66fb13f2feb5b2c9b8d67ea21f"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"An if statement can be made as below - "},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"f0c3b84c7a812d8e78f6182c8aff5cc92ac7bfc4"},"cell_type":"code","source":"num = 5\nif num > 0:\n    print(num, \"is a positive number.\")\nprint(\"This is always printed.\")\n\nnum = -2\nif num > 0:\n    print(num, \"is a positive number.\")\nprint(\"This is also always printed.\")","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"4019c786dc7fcae462f14657822b6f13b63ee8f5"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### Python if...else Statement\nThe ``if..else`` statement evaluates ``test expression`` and will execute body of ``if`` only when test condition is ``True``.\n\nIf the condition is ``False``, body of ``else`` is executed. Indentation is used to separate the blocks.\n\nAn if...else statement can be made as below-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"0dd43e9458279e24bc35196622d86e3b423bb940"},"cell_type":"code","source":"x = False\n\nif x:\n    print ('x was True!')\nelse:\n    print ('I will be printed in any case where x is not true')","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"9ae21bbeadf7d56de58ece7383a555b9274ed482"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### Python if...elif...else Statement\nThe ``elif`` is short for else if. It allows us to check for multiple expressions.\n\nIf the condition for ``if`` is ``False``, it checks the condition of the next elif block and so on.\n\nIf all the conditions are ``False``, body of else is executed.\n\nOnly one block among the several ``if...elif...else`` blocks is executed according to the condition.\n\nThe if block can have only one ``else`` block. But it can have multiple ``elif`` blocks.\n\nAn if...elif...else statement can be made as below-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"9df2e60647c8b307a79c739d698002e39967399c"},"cell_type":"code","source":"person = 'Harun'\n\nif person == 'Shimanto':\n    print ('Welcome Shimanto!')\nelif person =='Harun':\n    print (\"Welcome Harun!\")\nelse:\n    print (\"Welcome, what's your name?\")","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"d022956e58459483ab3f56d98de6e3efad016875"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Another example of if...elif...else below that-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"a0517af516d9bdc1b63c090b81220b36528c4c75"},"cell_type":"code","source":"num = 0\n\nif num > 0:\n    print(\"Positive number\")\nelif num == 0:\n    print(\"Zero\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Negative number\")","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"3dbb443de90b5fdb0ad2a225ea2324d521120203"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.2 For Loop\nA ``for`` loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).\n\nThis is less like the ``for`` keyword in other programming language, and works more like an iterator method as found in other object-orientated programming languages.\n\nWith the ``for`` loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a list, tuple, set etc.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/5v6hn8v.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"4bbc038ac70281277bd1255fccc22d61d9ba708d"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"We've already seen the for statement a little bit in past lectures but now lets formalize our understanding.\n\nHere's the general format for a for loop in Python:\n\n``for item in object:\n    statements to do stuff``\n\n\nThe variable name used for the item is completely up to the coder, so use your best judgment for choosing a name that makes sense and you will be able to understand when revisiting your code. This item name can then be referenced inside you loop, for example if you wanted to use if statements to perform checks.\n\nA For loop can be made as below-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"f6429ca2a090cbc4fb91a9523adf35ce6e63b826"},"cell_type":"code","source":"# List of numbers\nnumbers = [13, 14, 15, 8, 4, 9, 5, 4, 12]\nsum = 0\nfor val in numbers:\n    sum = sum+val\nprint(\"The sum is\", sum)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"3564eefd4f1c4c1401ac6a6b9a07f262916dff1e"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### 1.2.1 The range() function\nWe can generate a sequence of numbers using ``range()`` function. ``range(10)`` will generate numbers from 0 to 9 (10 numbers).\n\nWe can also define the start, stop and step size as ``range(start,stop,step size)``. step size defaults to 1 if not provided.\n\nA range() function can be made as below-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"d3b0d22740022a4baf9ca23816f2780c5b6d308c"},"cell_type":"code","source":"print(range(10))","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"7cc2ae03a059fa76940622fd0cc867a360d97fdb"},"cell_type":"code","source":"print(list(range(10)))","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"ef1970982b860baa532da74d4ca387eff06b2184"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"We can use the ``range()`` function in for loops to iterate through a sequence of numbers. It can be combined with the ``len()`` function to iterate though a sequence using indexing. Here is an example--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"a13f0e1ef24d06de0050a3251ffcaaeb60109e41"},"cell_type":"code","source":"book = ['python Book', 'ML Book', 'NLP Book']\n\nfor i in range(len(book)):\n    print(\"I like\", book[i])","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"8067e47a62335eb71a1ece7527eaae18d74897ac"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.3 While Loop \nThe while loop in Python is used to iterate over a block of code as long as the test expression (condition) is true.We generally use this loop when we don't know beforehand, the number of times to iterate.\n\n**Syntax of while Loop in Python--**\n\n``while test_expression:\n    Body of while``\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/BZDxqU6.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"c1227d854886c947d9dda7f5c7ff451bf01ebb09"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"A While loop can be made as below--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"dfed18e77c1f57e227566f1f323793098a75c68d"},"cell_type":"code","source":"n = 13\nsum = 0\ni = 1\nwhile i <= n:\n    sum = sum + i\n    i = i+1 \nprint(\"The sum is\", sum)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"9be4325a21d5cc1ba66754d5e283db51048b334d"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.4 Functions\nFormally, a function is a useful device that groups together a set of statements so they can be run more than once. They can also let us specify parameters that can serve as inputs to the functions.On a more fundamental level, functions allow us to not have to repeatedly write the same code again and again. If you remember back to the lessons on strings and lists, remember that we used a function len() to get the length of a string. Since checking the length of a sequence is a common task you would want to write a function that can do this repeatedly at command.Functions will be one of most basic levels of reusing code in Python, and it will also allow us to start thinking of program design (we will dive much deeper into the ideas of design when we learn about Object Oriented Programming).\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/eahcBp0.jpg)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"b6ae786b9bb4ecde423e11d88361e6e112ced86b"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"**Syntax of Function** \n\n``def function_name(parameters):\n\t\"\"\"docstring\"\"\"\n\tstatement(s)``\n    \nA Function can be made as below-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"c8c6f4e8ea26308c0392a2503fc25ab7887eed4c"},"cell_type":"code","source":"def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello, \" + name + \". Good morning!\")\ngreet('Shimanto')","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"a47bc477a739d826340c4bb0d45c576b2bfdb0ba"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"The return statement on Functions--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"c1b40e03bfc7f007a9299ed51a1c148dc149717d"},"cell_type":"code","source":"#multiply two numbers using a python function\ndef multiply(x,y):\n    z = x*y\n    return z\n#call the function to multiply the numbers 2 and 3\nmultiply(4,3)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"8112ce4516e3490124952b2a6c5a80c9986a7f2e"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.5 Lambda expressions \nWhile normal functions are defined using the def keyword, in Python anonymous functions are defined using the lambda keyword.Hence, anonymous functions are also called lambda functions.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/0kwzqQ1.jpg)\nFunction objects returned by running lambda expressions work exactly the same as those created and assigned by defs. There is key difference that makes lambda useful in specialized roles:\n\n**Lambda's body is a single expression, not a block of statements.**\n\nThe lambda's body is similar to what we would put in a def body's return statement. We simply type the result as an expression instead of explicitly returning it. Because it is limited to an expression, a lambda is less general that a def. We can only squeeze design, to limit program nesting. lambda is designed for coding simple functions, and def handles the larger tasks."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"4100bfc98b7bb6b5f6aec0619ffa058e03e403b3"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"A lambda function can made as below-"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"fb84e19e2af555637534b2dbf8c802e02933ddf2"},"cell_type":"code","source":"double = lambda x: x * 3\nprint(double(5))","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"3f43f5590bc570fc8eee02106ddb6e66dfdd61e7"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"In the above program, ``lambda x: x * 3`` is the lambda function. Here `x` is the argument and `x * 3` is the expression that gets evaluated and returned."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"2545c252ffea5debaa78e6a952bebe3e4486321d"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### Some examples of lambda function:"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"bb8b6c3ff4a454673c71c2190e49f2da51c3dd96"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Check it a number is even--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"3ccec06092a4ac7a769024a202b5d2d4e528642b"},"cell_type":"code","source":"even = lambda x: x%2==0","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"775a0c7197f73dfffe56ca17778974b71b537962"},"cell_type":"code","source":"even(5)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"eb3f2af549028dce7700a5a225689aee273bbca0"},"cell_type":"code","source":"even(8)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"dda743b8728e1e0cc27dd4d538a7f65387a6784c"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Grab first character of a string--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"fadbeb514c4af7fc2c7d8e78c3570636f91e54d8"},"cell_type":"code","source":"first = lambda s: s[0]","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"58c9ac40e285eed724c9169fe3e8a008c303c7a0"},"cell_type":"code","source":"first('ML')","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"bab6c3fd250be713558d9caabac2a8c9df328738"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Reverse a string--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"3e1c039274ee966c50283624fd0da93791fa76fb"},"cell_type":"code","source":"rev = lambda s: s[::-1]","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"353c4708fbb6e0ab7e67c24fea590c3b812045e1"},"cell_type":"code","source":"rev('PLN')","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"5ecd1862c89568444f4d513bfa6b3b35073f1b0a"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Just like a normal function, we can accept more than one function into a lambda expression--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"c7b72c38db347609c89cc7821d5771213c16d6f3"},"cell_type":"code","source":"multiple = lambda x,y : x*y","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"f5df7f316bd84c291130c5a4ec0a26961614ea82"},"cell_type":"code","source":"multiple(5,9)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"33a9c19da1c6ee8977bbd37e91be37edc200360b"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.6 List Comprehensions\nList comprehensions are used for creating new list from another iterables.\n\nAs list comprehension returns list, they consists of brackets containing the expression which needs to be executed for each element along with the for loop to iterate over each element.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/O14brf9.png)\n\n**Basic syntax:**\n\n``new_list = [expression for_loop_one_or_more condtions]``"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"dd895c194d8613bddf1f3b20b93be8f46effdd28"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Finding squares using list comprehensions--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"cb7b2578d9d5ad1ac27dd86aa47adfc879fa0a10"},"cell_type":"code","source":"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nsquares = [n**4 for n in numbers]\n\nprint(squares)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"2ca98c5d807b1866a3e7a2d0d301a1839c621af0"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Find common numbers from two list using list comprehension--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"14e2a4481059a26fd6d8cc1c2a0f3886d6b41e09"},"cell_type":"code","source":"list_a = [13, 12, 14, 40]\nlist_b = [13, 12, 40, 5]\n\ncommon_num = [a for a in list_a for b in list_b if a == b]\n\nprint(common_num)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"e28173e0c503725ef291b5282faa17ceab8e6360"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.7 Errors and Exceptions Handling\nwe will learn about Errors and Exception Handling in Python. You've definitely already encountered errors by this point in the bootcamp.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/lInHqs6.png)\n\nFor example:"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"4ef067641b93d7c8bea134086c804826380a1c49"},"cell_type":"code","source":"print ('Hello)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"fcba48e8b82dbe64afe95c224c93e2b51d9edbe3"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Note how we get a SyntaxError, with the further description that it was an EOL (End of Line Error) while scanning the string literal. This is specific enough for us to see that we forgot a single quote at the end of the line. Understanding these various error types will help you debug your code much faster.\n\nThis type of error and description is known as an Exception. Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during execution are called exceptions and are not unconditionally fatal.\n\nYou can check out the full list of built-in exceptions [here.](https://docs.python.org/2/library/exceptions.html) Now lets learn how to handle errors and exceptions in our own code."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"58090e2675e769b31fc09e5cabac11dc5489b96f"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### 1.7.1 try and except\nThe basic terminology and syntax used to handle errors in Python is the **try** and **except** statements. The code which can cause an exception to occue is put in the try block and the handling of the exception is the implemented in the except block of code. The syntax form is:\n\n``try:\n   You do your operations here...\n   ...\nexcept ExceptionI:\n   If there is ExceptionI, then execute this block.\nexcept ExceptionII:\n   If there is ExceptionII, then execute this block.\n   ...\nelse:\n   If there is no exception then execute this block.``\n\nWe can also just check for any exception with just using except: To get a better understanding of all this lets check out an example: We will look at some code that opens and writes a file:"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"2aab5fc090ec85c5a78debc3bff37e80063f38be"},"cell_type":"code","source":"try:\n    f = open('testfile','w')\n    f.write('Test write this')\nexcept IOError:\n   print(\"Error: Could not find file or read data\")\nelse:\n   print(\"Content written successfully\")\n   f.close()","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"fd6569ff26a1e0a57b5d6453708c3ff078bc479f"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Now lets see what would happen if we did not have write permission (opening only with 'r'):"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"0f10ec1fb689cd361cb8f0931b6068f679ac8fb9"},"cell_type":"code","source":"try:\n    f = open('testfile','r')\n    f.write('Test write this')\nexcept IOError:\n   print(\"Error: Could not find file or read data\")\nelse:\n   print(\"Content written successfully\") \n   f.close()","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"629854e168cd2fe5408a9229d2c11da8c531c9dc"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Great! Notice how we only printed a statement! The code still ran and we were able to continue doing actions and running code blocks. This is extremely useful when you have to account for possible input errors in your code. You can be prepared for the error and keep running code, instead of your code just breaking as we saw above."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"2e73d114c725021e93ad11b320ca2d88a0764d1d"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"We could have also just said except: if we weren't sure what exception would occur. For example:"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"886b9bd13569803e40822abbe4b093d1fb9ed32d"},"cell_type":"code","source":"try:\n    f = open('testfile','r')\n    f.write('Test write this')\nexcept IOError:\n   print(\"Error: Could not find file or read data\")\nelse:\n   print(\"Content written successfully\") \n   f.close()","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"81c94980da46e43f54dce3e74d196945b3280989"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Great! Now we don't actually need to memorize that list of exception types! Now what if we kept wanting to run code after the exception occurred? This is where **finally** comes in."},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"c1be1faa93d1585c4c7ec9fe125917cd3d4b71bf"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### 1.7.2 finally\nThe finally: block of code will always be run regardless if there was an exception in the try code block. The syntax is:\n\n``try:\n   Code block here\n   ...\n   Due to any exception, this code may be skipped!\nfinally:\n   This code block would always be executed.``\n   \nFor example:"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"f16dbe6410f1a306930e7225630e21349d83152a"},"cell_type":"code","source":"try:\n   f = open(\"testfile\", \"w\")\n   f.write(\"Test write statement\")\nfinally:\n   print(\"Always execute finally code blocks\")","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"7fab5ea7d5579a113685437a2b5a9a0601c9ec50"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"We can use this in conjunction with except. Lets see a new example that will take into account a user putting in the wrong input:"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"1602fed91886bbd659b6572ea0b1554dfacdf203"},"cell_type":"code","source":"def askint():\n        try:\n            val = int(input(\"Please enter an integer: \"))\n        except:\n            print(\"Looks like you did not enter an integer!\")\n            \n        finally:\n            print (\"Finally, I executed!\")\n        print (val)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"9c369b9e1d251040cd8a25b9f37501036bd58081"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/HAlwSpF.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"c2cd3a2bfef57bffda2b2697f8698d4d61608c90"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Notice how we got an error when trying to print val (because it was never properly assigned) Lets remedy this by asking the user and checking to make sure the input type is an integer:"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"6fb9f61f7b087f3c5ff4a6fdbccb524bf3a0d82b"},"cell_type":"code","source":"def askint():\n        try:\n            val = int(input(\"Please enter an integer: \"))\n        except:\n            print(\"Looks like you did not enter an integer!\")\n            val = int(input(\"Try again-Please enter an integer: \"))\n        finally:\n            print (\"Finally, I executed!\")\n        print (val)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"6697f2222f8ea804dc7bce5bf0b6a8a2b02b917a"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/Xw0rvkv.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"22c6d663bbfebfc5e6a94c2c54c7eaccc47828d0"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Yes....that only did one check. How can we continually keep checking? We can use a while loop!"},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"aadfe8066b47271d57252d50b01c07ed5be251b3"},"cell_type":"code","source":"def askint():\n    while True:\n        try:\n            val = int(input(\"Please enter an integer: \"))\n        except:\n            print (\"Looks like you did not enter an integer!\")\n            continue\n        else:\n            print ('Yep thats an integer!')\n            break\n        finally:\n            print (\"Finally, I executed!\")\n        print (val)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"7a8978b8e0bbe97be78f970f7ed46bb244158637"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/P4O2Ldr.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"3a34e1266d6677d206694f445c30345b8b80b8f8"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Great! Now you know how to handle errors and exceptions in Python with the try, except, else, and finally notation!"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"983b78b76de809f49c8f93b8b3d0d8eb432228bc"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.8 Math Module\nThe `math` module is a standard module in Python and is always available. To use mathematical functions under this module, you have to import the module using `import math`.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/9o8vj5C.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"a3dd2417573d6eab31288cdb0611ec0dd05dca3b"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"A Simple syntax of Python `import math`---"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"e2f977fc4a53a0ac10da290354f737535a221b2b"},"cell_type":"code","source":"import math\nmath.pi","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"28dc9df1a9ac6bac52017beb5293d74867580343"},"cell_type":"code","source":"import math\n# Square root of number\nsqrValue = math.sqrt(25)\nprint(sqrValue)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"cdca167b0668765c66f39dab53e6e68bdbca73eb"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"### 1.8.1 Some Functions in Python Math Module\nIf we are trying to cover all functions in python math module, then the list is very long. Python separated in math functions in a group, here it is –\n\n* Number-theoretic and representation functions\n* Power and logarithmic functions\n* Trigonometric functions\n* Angular conversion\n* Hyperbolic functions\n* Special functions\n* Constants\n\nEvery group has many functions so, Let’s see some important math functions. For a complete list of a function, you can read it in the [official site.](https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html)\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/30BjHty.png)"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"cb6091434537f0026a880ed0464a37669db1bfb6"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"These are some example code of Python math function, so you can learn to teach you how you can use math function.A math function code made as below--"},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"f83831594f60558358428430d507818555cebbc0"},"cell_type":"code","source":"import math\n \nsqrValue = math.pow(25.3, 2)\nprint(\"pi: \", math.pi)\nprint(\"pow: \", math.pow(3, 2))\nprint(\"ceil: \", math.ceil(7.24))\nprint(\"floor: \", math.floor(7.24))\nprint(\"sqrt: \", math.sqrt(9))\nprint(\"sin\", math.sin(90))\nprint(\"cos\", math.cos(90))\nprint(\"tan\", math.tan(90))","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"4b1ee11bd38a1aa898be8c1cb5196c42d4280378"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## 1.9 Map \nThe `map()` function applies a given function to each item of an iterable (list, tuple etc.) and returns a list of the results.\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/xnPXZEf.png)\n\nThe syntax of `map()` is:\n\n`map(function, iterable, ...)`"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"74ba778ebf3427e43221f362019576813487ec20"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"`map()` Parameters below that---\n* function - `map()` passes each item of the iterable to this function.\n* iterable - iterable which is to be mapped"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"e83873c44bddf55cc32212571d3625168a6136ae"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"You can pass more than one `iterable` to the `map()` function."},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"869742a360943fc31dc7eaa109eaea8ecbd4461c"},"cell_type":"code","source":"def calculateSquare(n):\n  return n*n\n\nnumbers = (13, 21, 3, 4)\nresult = map(calculateSquare, numbers)\nprint(result)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"trusted":true,"_uuid":"487a997fca63f85b1782fc77ad574140db5f3306"},"cell_type":"code","source":"# converting map object to set\nnumbersSquare = set(result)\nprint(numbersSquare)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"43dbc7f0a08243e7feffdf327818b18add3b0a55"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"How to use lambda function with map()?"},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"21bcba3aa0c30026f26ede1942c76076baebc110"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Since map() expects a function to be passed in, lambda functions are commonly used while working with map() functions.\n\nA lambda function is a function without a name.Learn more about lambda function then check [1.5](#1.5) in Day-02."},{"metadata":{"trusted":false,"_uuid":"7fa041c4aeb1ebc91d5e334a8752dc637ac02945"},"cell_type":"code","source":"numbers = (13, 28, 30, 4)\nresult = map(lambda x: x*x, numbers)\nprint(result)\n# converting map object to set\nnumbersSquare = set(result)\nprint(numbersSquare)","execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"metadata":{"_uuid":"7661f718dd63a32f86076423c0c7b1ca69c7f0bc"},"cell_type":"markdown","source":"# Conclusion:\nThanks for reading this Bootcamp's notebook(Day02). If you have any suggestion feel free to reach me in the comment or [sent mail](harunspeedy1995@gmail.com) or connect on [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/harun-ur-rashid6647/). Stay in touch for more update and Python Bootcamp Part-3. Thank you. 😎\n\n**If you missed [Day-01](https://goo.gl/NErwwb) then check this firstly.**\n![Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/xKwRrP4.jpg)\nFor the full code visit [Github](https://github.com/harunshimanto/Python-Bootcamp-with-ML) \n\n**If you like this Bootcamp then give 👍 upvote. Happy Bootcamp!.**"}],"metadata":{"kernelspec":{"display_name":"Python 3","language":"python","name":"python3"},"language_info":{"codemirror_mode":{"name":"ipython","version":3},"file_extension":".py","mimetype":"text/x-python","name":"python","nbconvert_exporter":"python","pygments_lexer":"ipython3","version":"3.7.0"}},"nbformat":4,"nbformat_minor":1}