Persistent post run exits early when run is successful in Magefile targets

### Welcome

- [X] Yes, I'm using a binary release within 2 latest major releases. Only such installations are supported.
- [X] Yes, I've searched similar issues on GitHub and didn't find any.
- [X] Yes, I've read the typecheck section of the FAQ (https://golangci-lint.run/usage/faq/#why-do-you-have-typecheck-errors).
- [X] Yes, I've tried with the standalone linter if available (e.g., gocritic, go vet, etc.). (https://golangci-lint.run/usage/linters/)

### Description of the problem

We are running golangci-lint using a Golang make/rake -like tool [Mage](https://magefile.org/). 

There, we have defined a mage target that runs linting as well as other tasks one-by-one in serial order. We encountered that `golangci-lint` exits too early and the rest of the tasks following that were not executed.

Further examples are provided in the repo URL in the reproductible code section, but in short, when defining mage targets such as:

```go
func Lint(...) {...} // define golangci-lint execution

func VulnCheck(...) {...} // define vuln/scan package execution

func CheckAll(ctx context.Context) {
	mg.SerialCtxDeps(ctx, Lint, VulnCheck)
}
```

running `mage checkall` skips the latter.

Now, when running golangci-lint with debugger it seems, that:
- an early exit using `os.exit` was run in [`pkg/commands/root.go:persistentPostRun`](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/blob/master/pkg/commands/root.go#L87) function. 
- when the executor is initialized with `NewExecutor()` in [here](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/blob/master/pkg/commands/executor.go#L101) the `persistentPostRun` function is configured as [`PersistentPostRunE` handler for Cobra ](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/blob/master/pkg/commands/root.go#L140)

So when linting is run in serial with other commands, golangci-lint exits the task pipeline too early with `os.exit` even when successful, and rest of the tasks are not run. Small (but not sure if relevant) detail is that in this context, golangci-lint is being used as a package library to not require users to install the CLI tool on the host, but using it [as an utility library instead](https://github.com/kraashen/golangci-lint-mage-issue-sample/blob/main/magefiles/mage.go#L21-L53). Expected behavior is, that the serial command execution pipeline is exited early only when errors are encountered in the tasks in the pipeline, or finishes all the tasks with successful exit code.

### Version of golangci-lint

<details>

```
v1.54.2
```

</details>

### Configuration

<details>

```console
run:
  timeout: 15m
```

</details>

### Go environment

<details>

```console
$ go version && go env
go version go1.21.3 darwin/arm64
GO111MODULE=''
GOARCH='arm64'
GOBIN=''
GOCACHE='/Users/foo/Library/Caches/go-build'
GOENV='/Users/foo/Library/Application Support/go/env'
GOEXE=''
GOEXPERIMENT=''
GOFLAGS=''
GOHOSTARCH='arm64'
GOHOSTOS='darwin'
GOINSECURE=''
GOMODCACHE='/Users/foo/go/pkg/mod'
GONOPROXY=''
GONOSUMDB=''
GOOS='darwin'
GOPATH='/Users/foo/go'
GOPRIVATE=''
GOPROXY='https://proxy.golang.org,direct'
GOROOT='/opt/homebrew/Cellar/go/1.21.3/libexec'
GOSUMDB='sum.golang.org'
GOTMPDIR=''
GOTOOLCHAIN='auto'
GOTOOLDIR='/opt/homebrew/Cellar/go/1.21.3/libexec/pkg/tool/darwin_arm64'
GOVCS=''
GOVERSION='go1.21.3'
GCCGO='gccgo'
AR='ar'
CC='cc'
CXX='c++'
CGO_ENABLED='1'
GOMOD='/Users/foo/Code/golangci-mage-sample/go.mod'
GOWORK=''
CGO_CFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_CPPFLAGS=''
CGO_CXXFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_FFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_LDFLAGS='-O2 -g'
PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config'
GOGCCFLAGS='-fPIC -arch arm64 -pthread -fno-caret-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fmessage-length=0 -ffile-prefix-map=/var/folders/d7/ngb4dbgs5_10mdxzcxdnvms00000gn/T/go-build1531559415=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches -fno-common'
```

</details>

### Verbose output of running

<details>

```console
❯ mage checkallverboselint  # please see the example code for sample how this is executed in verbose mode
INFO [config_reader] Config search paths: [./ /Users/tomi/Code/golangci-mage-sample /Users/tomi/Code /Users/tomi /Users /]
INFO [config_reader] Used config file .golangci.yml
INFO [lintersdb] Active 6 linters: [errcheck gosimple govet ineffassign staticcheck unused]
INFO [loader] Go packages loading at mode 575 (compiled_files|deps|files|name|exports_file|imports|types_sizes) took 152.774375ms
INFO [runner/filename_unadjuster] Pre-built 0 adjustments in 936.709µs
INFO [linters_context/goanalysis] analyzers took 2.813149455s with top 10 stages: fact_purity: 758.80058ms, buildir: 650.577291ms, typedness: 481.034205ms, nilness: 296.102543ms, ctrlflow: 244.157582ms, fact_deprecated: 227.482294ms, printf: 76.501167ms, SA5012: 53.968748ms, inspect: 21.671835ms, SA4014: 440.917µs
INFO [runner] processing took 1.418µs with stages: max_same_issues: 333ns, skip_dirs: 167ns, severity-rules: 125ns, cgo: 125ns, nolint: 125ns, max_from_linter: 84ns, source_code: 42ns, identifier_marker: 42ns, skip_files: 42ns, filename_unadjuster: 42ns, path_prettifier: 42ns, path_shortener: 42ns, autogenerated_exclude: 42ns, diff: 42ns, exclude: 41ns, fixer: 41ns, path_prefixer: 41ns, max_per_file_from_linter: 0s, uniq_by_line: 0s, exclude-rules: 0s, sort_results: 0s
INFO [runner] linters took 1.06527s with stages: goanalysis_metalinter: 1.065250959s
INFO File cache stats: 0 entries of total size 0B
INFO Memory: 14 samples, avg is 177.3MB, max is 252.6MB
INFO Execution took 1.22676475s
```

</details>

### A minimal reproducible example or link to a public repository

<details>

Sample repo with reproduction guide: https://github.com/kraashen/golangci-lint-mage-issue-sample

</details>

### Validation

- [X] Yes, I've included all information above (version, config, etc.).

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Uh oh!

Persistent post run exits early when run is successful in Magefile targets #4137

Welcome

Description of the problem

Version of golangci-lint

Configuration

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Verbose output of running

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Validation

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Uh oh!

Persistent post run exits early when run is successful in Magefile targets #4137

Description

Welcome

Description of the problem

Version of golangci-lint

Configuration

Go environment

Verbose output of running

A minimal reproducible example or link to a public repository

Validation

Metadata

Metadata

Assignees

Labels

Type

Projects

Milestone

Relationships

Development

Issue actions