Remove async_hooks patch

[mhofman]

@endo/init started patching node:async_hooks in #1115 to address debugger issues (see #1105).

While Node.js's async_hooks implementation remains incompatible with frozen promises, I hear Node.js's inspector support has since stopped relying on async_hooks, so we should be able to remove the patch entirely. This may be needed as there are signs our async_hooks monkey patch is partially broken under Node.js 24.

[kriskowal]

What’s the oldest Node.js version that the patch is necessary? Do we have the option of applying the patch contingent on process.version?