[Feature] - magic number linting

[totally-not-frito-lays]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
While we don't have a strict style guide yet, we should try to encourage clean coding however we can. Linting ¹ is one such tool we can use to do this. There are broadly two places where linting can take place:

1. on GitHub through actions
2. locally through an extension / cli linter

Describe the solution you'd like

Requirements (in this order)

• Fill in the notion code style page with some suggestions for linting rules (send email to @totally-not-frito-lays whenever ready for next steps)
• Propose a local styling linter to run locally + configuration for this
  • Linting rule should require no magic numbers² for CPP
  • Linting rule should include caps for constants in the library
  • Linting rule should enforce variables in .ino files to be snake case
  • Linting rule should enforce functions to be camelCase
  • Linting rule should enforce classes to be PascalCase
• Set up a GitHub actions ³ linter to run after merging

Describe alternatives you've considered
This is a nice to have to help make our system more robust and prevent bugs from hitting production / the classroom.

Additional context
This ticket is similar but separate from the #17 ticket.

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Footnotes

1. Linting ↩

2. Magic Numbers ↩

3. GitHub Actions Documentation ↩