workbook 0 - introduction to Obs II.ipynb

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    "# Observational Astrophysics II\n",
    "\n",
    "# Introduction to the data reduction of Optical spectroscopy\n",
    "\n",
    "Developed by Mattia Sirressi and Matthew Hayes - Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, 2021\n",
    "\n",
    "![figs/intro_figure.png](figs/intro_figure.png)"
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    "In this document you will be introduced to the data reduciton of Optical spectroscopy taken with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in La Palma, one of the Canary Islands.\n",
    "\n",
    "Please be sure to have installed anaconda and the astropy package and to have downloaded the raw data before continuing further with this introduction. It will be nice to have installed the software DS9 for live visualization of the fits files and access to their headers. Also, it is highly recommended to install jupyter notebooks extensions and enable two of them in particular:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Table of contents, so you have a list of the sections in a side bar for each workbook\n",
    "\n",
    "2. Code folding, so you can hide the code of individual cells and improve the visualization of your work.\n",
    "\n",
    "You will learn the steps of data reduction for optical spectroscopy, their purposes, and how to make them using jupyter notebooks These are an implementation of the well known Python programing language, where text and code can be placed into a single document. The code is normal Python, but can be split up into individual cells. Each cell can be seen as an individual piece of code, that can be ran individually. Different cells can communicate with one another, allowing the user to easily test code.\n",
    "Plots and prints will always appear underneath the relevant cell, as is demonstrated below. "
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    "# Example Plot\n",
    "\n",
    "Please find below an example plot.\n",
    "\n",
    "The first 2 lines of the cells are to import the libraries to define numerical arrays and to plot graphs. Please read the comments to know more details on each command. \n",
    "\n",
    "NB The plot is interactive. Play with it using the zoom/crop button, moving around, going back and forth each move."
   ]
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    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2022-03-09T08:10:02.585937Z",
     "start_time": "2022-03-09T08:10:02.545332Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "You will see a plot under this text!\n"
     ]
    },
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       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = 'image/png';\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src\n",
       "                );\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data\n",
       "            );\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        } else if (\n",
       "            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n",
       "            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n",
       "        ) {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\n",
       "                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n",
       "                msg\n",
       "            );\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\n",
       "                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n",
       "                    e,\n",
       "                    e.stack,\n",
       "                    msg\n",
       "                );\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function (e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e) {\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (e.target) {\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    } else if (e.srcElement) {\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n",
       "        // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n",
       "\n",
       "    return { x: x, y: y };\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys(original) {\n",
       "    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n",
       "            obj[key] = original[key];\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        return obj;\n",
       "    }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press') {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {\n",
       "        x: x,\n",
       "        y: y,\n",
       "        button: event.button,\n",
       "        step: event.step,\n",
       "        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name === 'key_press') {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key) {\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name === 'key_release') {\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which !== 17) {\n",
       "        value += 'ctrl+';\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which !== 18) {\n",
       "        value += 'alt+';\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which !== 16) {\n",
       "        value += 'shift+';\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n",
       "    if (name === 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n",
       "// prettier-ignore\n",
       "var _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n",
       "\n",
       "var comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function () {\n",
       "        comm.close();\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function (m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data']);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element;\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n",
       "        'cleared',\n",
       "        { fig: fig },\n",
       "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
       "    );\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n",
       "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n",
       "        'cleared',\n",
       "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
       "    );\n",
       "    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n",
       "    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n",
       "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n",
       "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () {\n",
       "        fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    }, 1000);\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n",
       "    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n",
       "    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n",
       "\n",
       "    function on_click_closure(name) {\n",
       "        return function (_event) {\n",
       "            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
       "        return function (event) {\n",
       "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
       "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        };\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
       "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
       "    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
       "    var button;\n",
       "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
       "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
       "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
       "            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n",
       "        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n",
       "        button.href = '#';\n",
       "        button.title = name;\n",
       "        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n",
       "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
       "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
       "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
       "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
       "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n",
       "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n",
       "    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n",
       "    button = document.createElement('button');\n",
       "    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n",
       "    button.href = '#';\n",
       "    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n",
       "    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n",
       "    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n",
       "        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    button.addEventListener(\n",
       "        'mouseover',\n",
       "        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n",
       "    );\n",
       "    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n",
       "    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n",
       "    var fig = event.data.fig;\n",
       "    if (event.target !== this) {\n",
       "        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
       "    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager) {\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        // select the cell after this one\n",
       "        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n",
       "            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n",
       "        'matplotlib',\n",
       "        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n",
       "    );\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<img 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     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np  # this library is useful to define numerical arrays and do math operations with them\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  # this library is needed for plotting figures\n",
    "%matplotlib notebook             \n",
    "# this line will allow to make the plots interactive\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"You will see a plot under this text!\")\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.figure()  # this line defines a space for the plot within this notebook\n",
    "plt.title(\"a plot\") # give the plot a title\n",
    "\n",
    "x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.01) # x-coordinates\n",
    "y = np.exp(-x) * np.sin(5*x) # y-coordinates\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.plot(x, y, label=\"a function\") # plot of x and the sine of x\n",
    "plt.xlim(0, 10) # change the x limit of the plot\n",
    "plt.xlabel(\"x\") # label the x-axis \n",
    "plt.ylabel(\"f(x)\") # label the y-axis\n",
    "plt.legend() # show the legend"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Content of the data reduction material\n",
    "\n",
    "The material needed to run the data reduction notebooks are the following:\n",
    "\n",
    "-> data\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbooks\n",
    "\n",
    "-> \"data_reduction.py\" file (for defining and implementing some classes, methods and functions used in the workbooks)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> \"line_atlas\" folder (for wavelength calibration)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> \"figs\" folder (for saving the figures during the reduction)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> \"fbd33d2642.dat\" file (spectrum of the standard star in physical unit)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> \"wl_ext_LaPalma.dat\" file (atmoshperic extinction coefficients as a function of wavelength in La Palma)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> \"spectres.py\" file (for resampling a spectrum i.e. changing the wavlength bins)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Structure of the data reduction material\n",
    "\n",
    "In order to complete and learn the data reduction of the NOT spectroscopy, you will go through six jupyter notebooks, one for each step of the reduction:\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 1 - bias  (to combine all bias frames into the master bias and subtract this from all other frames)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 2 - flat  (to combine all flat frames into the master flat ans divide all other frames by it)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 3 - spectrum  (to define an aperture from which to extract a 1-d spectrum)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 4 - wavelength  (to calibrate the wavelength of a spectrum using the arc lamp frame)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 5.1 - std star  (to extract the spectrum of the standard spectrophotometric star)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 5.2 - flux  (to calibrate the flux of a spectrum correcting also for atmosphere extinction)\n",
    "\n",
    "-> workbook 6 - coadded spectrum\n",
    "\n",
    "These notebooks are meant to be run in order, reading carefully their documentation (comments) and changing the path names and parameters as indicated. Once you have understood the purpose and the implementation of a reduction step, feel free to improve it with an alternative / more sophisticated / more efficient implementation.\n",
    "\n",
    "NB Some of the python functions used in the notebooks listed above are defined in the file data_reduction.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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