diff --git a/rich/color.py b/rich/color.py
index e2c23a6a9..d1233cf4b 100644
--- a/rich/color.py
+++ b/rich/color.py
@@ -289,6 +289,8 @@ class ColorParseError(Exception):
     """The color could not be parsed."""
 
 
+RE_SHORT_COLOR = re.compile(r"^\#([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])$")
+
 RE_COLOR = re.compile(
     r"""^
 \#([0-9a-f]{6})$|
@@ -446,6 +448,10 @@ def parse(cls, color: str) -> "Color":
                 number=color_number,
             )
 
+        if short_match := RE_SHORT_COLOR.fullmatch(color):
+            r, g, b = short_match.groups()
+            color = f"#{r*2}{g*2}{b*2}"
+
         color_match = RE_COLOR.match(color)
         if color_match is None:
             raise ColorParseError(f"{original_color!r} is not a valid color")
diff --git a/tests/test_color.py b/tests/test_color.py
index 010d79746..f90bd318f 100644
--- a/tests/test_color.py
+++ b/tests/test_color.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ def test_system() -> None:
     assert Color.parse("default").system == ColorSystem.STANDARD
     assert Color.parse("red").system == ColorSystem.STANDARD
     assert Color.parse("#ff0000").system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+    assert Color.parse("#f00").system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
 
 
 def test_windows() -> None:
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ def test_windows() -> None:
 
 def test_truecolor() -> None:
     assert Color.parse("#ff0000").get_truecolor() == ColorTriplet(255, 0, 0)
+    assert Color.parse("#f00").get_truecolor() == ColorTriplet(255, 0, 0)
     assert Color.parse("red").get_truecolor() == ColorTriplet(128, 0, 0)
     assert Color.parse("color(1)").get_truecolor() == ColorTriplet(128, 0, 0)
     assert Color.parse("color(17)").get_truecolor() == ColorTriplet(0, 0, 95)
@@ -70,6 +72,9 @@ def test_parse_success() -> None:
     assert Color.parse("#112233") == Color(
         "#112233", ColorType.TRUECOLOR, None, ColorTriplet(0x11, 0x22, 0x33)
     )
+    assert Color.parse("#123") == Color(
+        "#112233", ColorType.TRUECOLOR, None, ColorTriplet(0x11, 0x22, 0x33)
+    )
     assert Color.parse("rgb(90,100,110)") == Color(
         "rgb(90,100,110)", ColorType.TRUECOLOR, None, ColorTriplet(90, 100, 110)
     )
@@ -110,6 +115,8 @@ def test_parse_error() -> None:
         Color.parse("nosuchcolor")
     with pytest.raises(ColorParseError):
         Color.parse("#xxyyzz")
+    with pytest.raises(ColorParseError):
+        Color.parse("#xyz")
 
 
 def test_get_ansi_codes() -> None: