diff --git a/.github/workflows/es-actions.yml b/.github/workflows/es-actions.yml
index 5bba35392..6658dae7b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/es-actions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/es-actions.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Packages
       run: |
         brew update
-        brew install cmake ninja pkg-config icu4c@75
+        brew install ninja pkg-config icu4c@75
     - name: Build x64
       env:
         BUILD_OPTIONS: -DESCARGOT_WASM=ON -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Packages
       run: |
         brew update
-        brew install cmake ninja pkg-config icu4c@75
+        brew install ninja pkg-config icu4c@75
     - name: Build arm64
       env:
         BUILD_OPTIONS: -DESCARGOT_WASM=ON -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Packages
       run: |
         brew update
-        brew install cmake pkg-config
+        brew install pkg-config
     - name: Set up JDK
       uses: actions/setup-java@v4.1.0
       with:
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         sudo apt-get update
         sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build gcc-multilib g++-multilib python2
+        # set python2
         sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 1
     - name: Install ICU
       run: |
@@ -314,7 +315,6 @@ jobs:
       uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3
       timeout-minutes: 15
 
-
   build-test-on-x64-release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
@@ -361,26 +361,17 @@ jobs:
         submodules: true
     - name: Install Packages
       run: |
+        # for i386 ICU
+        sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
         sudo apt-get update
         sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build gcc-multilib g++-multilib
-    - name: Install ICU
-      run: |
-        wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb
-        dpkg -X libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32
-        wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-        dpkg -X libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64
+        sudo apt-get install -y libicu-dev:i386 # install i386 ICU
     - name: Build x86/x64
       env:
-        BUILD_OPTIONS_X86: -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_LIBICU_SUPPORT_WITH_DLOPEN=OFF -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
+        BUILD_OPTIONS_X86: -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86 -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
         BUILD_OPTIONS_X64: -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
       run: |
-        export CXXFLAGS="-I$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/include"
-        export LDFLAGS="-L$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu -Wl,-rpath=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu"
-        export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
         cmake -H. -Bout/debug/x86 $BUILD_OPTIONS_X86
-        export CXXFLAGS="-I$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/include"
-        export LDFLAGS="-L$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -Wl,-rpath=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"
-        export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
         cmake -H. -Bout/debug/x64 $BUILD_OPTIONS_X64
         ninja -Cout/debug/x86
         ninja -Cout/debug/x64
@@ -479,7 +470,7 @@ jobs:
         sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build gcc-multilib g++-multilib
     - name: Build x86/x64
       env:
-        BUILD_OPTIONS_X86: -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86 -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_THREADING=ON -DESCARGOT_DEBUGGER=1 -DESCARGOT_USE_EXTENDED_API=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=cctest -GNinja
+        BUILD_OPTIONS_X86: -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86 -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_THREADING=ON -DESCARGOT_DEBUGGER=1 -DESCARGOT_USE_EXTENDED_API=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=cctest -GNinja
         BUILD_OPTIONS_X64: -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_THREADING=1 -DESCARGOT_DEBUGGER=1 -DESCARGOT_USE_EXTENDED_API=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=cctest -GNinja
       run: |
         cmake -H. -Bout/cctest/x86 $BUILD_OPTIONS_X86
@@ -499,39 +490,27 @@ jobs:
         submodules: true
     - name: Install Packages
       run: |
+        # for i386 ICU
+        sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
         sudo apt-get update
         sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build gcc-multilib g++-multilib
-    - name: Install ICU
-      run: |
-        wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb
-        dpkg -X libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32
-        wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-        dpkg -X libicu-dev_70.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64
+        sudo apt-get install -y libicu-dev:i386 # install i386 ICU
     - name: Build x86
       env:
-        BUILD_OPTIONS: -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86 -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_LIBICU_SUPPORT_WITH_DLOPEN=OFF -DESCARGOT_CODE_CACHE=ON -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
+        BUILD_OPTIONS: -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86 -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_CODE_CACHE=ON -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
       run: |
-        export CXXFLAGS="-I$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/include"
-        export LDFLAGS="-L$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu -Wl,-rpath=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu"
-        export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu32/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
         cmake -H. -Bout/codecache/x86 $BUILD_OPTIONS
         ninja -Cout/codecache/x86
     - name: Build x64
       env:
         BUILD_OPTIONS: -DESCARGOT_MODE=debug -DESCARGOT_CODE_CACHE=ON -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
       run: |
-        export CXXFLAGS="-I$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/include"
-        export LDFLAGS="-L$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -Wl,-rpath=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"
-        export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
         cmake -H. -Bout/codecache/x64 $BUILD_OPTIONS
         ninja -Cout/codecache/x64
     - name: Build x64 Release Mode
       env:
         BUILD_OPTIONS: -DESCARGOT_MODE=release -DESCARGOT_CODE_CACHE=ON -DESCARGOT_TEMPORAL=ON -DESCARGOT_TCO=ON -DESCARGOT_TEST=ON -DESCARGOT_OUTPUT=shell -GNinja
       run: |
-        export CXXFLAGS="-I$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/include"
-        export LDFLAGS="-L$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -Wl,-rpath=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"
-        export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/icu64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
         cmake -H. -Bout/codecache/release/x64 $BUILD_OPTIONS
         ninja -Cout/codecache/release/x64
     - name: Run x86 test