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Akka HTTP vs Akka gRPC

The aim of this project is to show a brief performance comparison Akka HTTP v10.2.9 and Akka gRPC v2.1.4.

Originally I tried to use Gatling with Gatling-gRPC plugin to support gRPC, but it could not make it to keep high number of requests. So that's why I decided to switch to wrk2 to load test HTTP and ghz to load test gRPC.

How to run servers

Akka HTTP Server

To run the Akka HTTP server execute the following:

cd servers && sbt 'project akka-http' run

When it has started you will see:

[info] Running (fork) benchmark.http.AkkaHttpServer
[info] Press `CTRL+C` to stop...
[info] Akka-HTTP server bound to: /127.0.0.1:8080

Akka gRPC Server

To run the Akka gRPC server execute the following:

cd servers && sbt 'project akka-grpc' run

When it has started you will see:

[info] Running (fork) benchmark.grpc.AkkaGrpcServer
[info] Press `CTRL+C` to stop...
[info] Akka-gRPC server bound to: /127.0.0.1:8081

How to run load test

Before running the load tests either Akka HTTP Server or Akka gRPC Server must be running first.

Load test against Akka HTTP

Execute the following to run it against Akka HTTP.

wrk -t1 -c100 -d300s -R14000 --latency http://127.0.0.1:8080/employees/42

Load test against Akka gRPC

Execute the following to run it against Akka gRPC.

ghz -insecure -proto ./schema.proto -call benchmark.grpc.ServiceExample.getEmployee -c 100 -z 300s -d '{"employeeId": 1}' 127.0.0.1:8081

Results on local machine

My machine:

  • OS:Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS, x64
  • CPU: Intel® Core™ i7-10750H CPU @ 2.60GHz × 12
  • Memory: SODIMM DDR4 64 Gbytes
  • JVM: Java 8, OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04-b07)

HTTP

wrk -t1 -c100 -d300s -R14000 --latency http://127.0.0.1:8080/employees/42
Running 5m test @ http://127.0.0.1:8080/employees/42
  1 threads and 100 connections
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 5.824ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     1.24ms    1.17ms  50.02ms   94.29%
    Req/Sec    14.77k     1.60k   45.44k    90.41%
  Latency Distribution (HdrHistogram - Recorded Latency)
 50.000%    1.09ms
 75.000%    1.47ms
 90.000%    1.99ms
 99.000%    4.52ms
 99.900%   15.52ms
 99.990%   35.29ms
 99.999%   44.35ms
100.000%   50.05ms

#[Mean    =        1.239, StdDeviation   =        1.168]
#[Max     =       50.016, Total count    =      4052987]
#[Buckets =           27, SubBuckets     =         2048]
----------------------------------------------------------
  4196567 requests in 5.00m, 832.45MB read
Requests/sec:  13988.55
Transfer/sec:      2.77MB

gRPC

ghz --insecure --proto ./common/src/main/protobuf/schema.proto --call benchmark.grpc.ServiceExample.getEmployee --concurrency 100 --rps 14000 --duration 300s --data '{"employeeId": 1}' 127.0.0.1:8081
Summary:
  Count:	4199967
  Total:	300.00 s
  Slowest:	28.98 ms
  Fastest:	0.10 ms
  Average:	1.14 ms
  Requests/sec:	13999.85

Response time histogram:
  0.103  [1]      |
  2.991  [907901] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
  5.878  [66877]  |∎∎∎
  8.766  [19167]  |∎
  11.654 [3071]   |
  14.542 [1338]   |
  17.430 [791]    |
  20.318 [527]    |
  23.205 [167]    |
  26.093 [109]    |
  28.981 [51]     |

Latency distribution:
  10 % in 0.15 ms 
  25 % in 0.17 ms 
  50 % in 0.20 ms 
  75 % in 0.43 ms 
  90 % in 2.78 ms 
  95 % in 4.40 ms 
  99 % in 7.74 ms 

Status code distribution:
  [OK]            4199937 responses   
  [Unavailable]   22 responses        
  [Canceled]      8 responses         

Error distribution:
  [22]   rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = transport is closing                  
  [8]    rpc error: code = Canceled desc = grpc: the client connection is closing

Table

| Benchmark   | Total requests | Req/s    | Max,ms | Avg, ms | 50th pct | 75th pct | 90th pct | 99th pct |
|-------------|----------------|----------|--------|---------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| Akka HTTP   | 4196567        | 13988.55 | 50.02  | 1.24    | 1.09     | 1.47     | 1.99     | 4.52     |
| Akka gRPC   | 4199967        | 13999.85 | 28.98  | 1.14    | 0.20     | 0.43     | 2.78     | 7.74     |