From 01712486dbc601aa634e7930d6e40d7d6fa87cef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nick-Tallguy Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2017 08:09:15 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] latest updates from Transifex https://github.com/hotosm/learnosm/issues/523 refers --- _posts/0200-12-03-moving-forward_ru.md | 81 +++++++++++ _posts/0200-12-29-introduction_nl_NL.md | 2 +- _posts/0200-12-31-beginner_fa.md | 2 +- _posts/0200-12-31-beginner_sq.md | 2 +- _posts/0450-12-31-hot-tips_sq.md | 42 ++++++ _posts/0500-10-25-tasking-manager_zh_TW.md | 8 +- _posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_es.md | 10 +- _posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_it.md | 10 +- _posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_my.md | 10 +- _posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_nl_NL.md | 10 +- _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_de.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_es.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_fa.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_it.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_my.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_nl_NL.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_pt.md | 158 +++++++++------------ _posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_zh_TW.md | 158 +++++++++------------ 18 files changed, 682 insertions(+), 759 deletions(-) create mode 100644 _posts/0200-12-03-moving-forward_ru.md create mode 100644 _posts/0450-12-31-hot-tips_sq.md diff --git a/_posts/0200-12-03-moving-forward_ru.md b/_posts/0200-12-03-moving-forward_ru.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cfa17af5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_posts/0200-12-03-moving-forward_ru.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +--- +layout: doc +title: Литература +permalink: /ru/beginner/moving-forward/ +lang: ru +category: начинающий +--- + +Дополнительные источники информации +=============== + +> This guide may be downloaded as [beginner_moving-forward_en.odt](/files/beginner_moving-forward_en.odt) or [beginner_moving-forward_en.pdf](/files/beginner_moving-forward_en.pdf) +> Пересмотрено 2015-07-12 + +Поздравляем! Вы продвинулись достаточно далеко в освоении OpenStreetMap, теперь Вы должны хорошо ориентироваться в создании карт. Что ещё можно делать с OSM? Чему ещё нужно обучиться? Как помогать сообществу картографов? + +Другие разделы learnOSM +--------------------------- + +В конце этой главы в части о редакторе iD вы ознакомились с различиями между iD и JOSM. Прочтите [эту статью](/ru/josm/) для более глубокого ознакомления с преимуществами JOSM и реализации их с помощью редактора. + +Все изменения, добавленные нами на карту, были основаны на данных фоновых изображений. Но Вы также можете собирать информацию на местах - путешествуя, гуляя, по дороге на работу и пр. [Раздел о мобильном картировании](ru/mobile-mapping/) освещает нюансы использования различных GPS устройств и бумажных карт; также рассматриваются некоторые мобильные приложения для работы с OpenStreetMap. + +OpenStreetMap is a collaborative effort and we hope that you will be part of it. Some of these efforts are devoted to humanitarian relief under the auspices of the [Humanitarian OSM Team](http://hotosm.org). If you would like to help HOT on the occasion of a disaster such as the Nepal earthquake please see the [section on coordination](/en/coordination/). It deals with the tools which make sure that many people can work together on a relatively small area in a consistent manner. It also contains guidance on some typical tasks you will frequently encounter when joining these efforts. + + +Узнать больше +---------- + +There is a lot of information about OpenStreetMap available at [wiki.openstreetmap.org](http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/). Here you can find information about other projects that are related to OpenStreetMap, and documents and tutorials that can help you learn more about OSM. + +![Wiki][] + + + +Mailing List +------------ + +The best way to get connected to the OpenStreetMap user community is to join your local mailing list. Many people sign up, using their email accounts to the OSM mailing list. Once you are on the list, you can send an email to the group if you have a question or want to talk about OpenStreetMap. + +To sign up for your country's mailing list, open your internet browser and go to [lists.openstreetmap.org](http://lists.openstreetmap.org/). + +![Mailing list][] + +Scroll down the page to find the list associated with your country. The country lists are named "Talk-lg", where lg represents the country of that list. For example, "Talk-id" is the list for Indonesia. + +- Click on the list you want to join. +- Enter the following information in the boxes on this page: + + your email address + + your first name + + a new password + + repeat the password +- When you are finished, click Subscribe. +- Now you need to open your email, just as you did when you signed up for OpenStreetMap. There will be a confirmation email in your inbox from the mailing list. +- Click on the confirmation link. +- You should now be a member of the mailing list. +- Now when you want to send a message to the list, you can send it to [talk-id@openstreetmap.org](mailto:talk-id@openstreetmap.org), replacing "id" with the country for your list. You will also receive emails when other members send a message to the list. + + + + +Summary +------- + +These are some of the ways that you can use and stay connected with the OpenStreetMap community and learn more. We hope you'll continue exploring and learning more about OSM, and contribute to the project. Happy Mapping! + + +[MapOSMatic]: /images/beginner/maposmatic-homepage.png +[Wiki]: /images/beginner/osm-wiki.png +[Mailing list]: /images/beginner/osm-mailing-lists.png \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/0200-12-29-introduction_nl_NL.md b/_posts/0200-12-29-introduction_nl_NL.md index 9a897c729..bbc84cf52 100644 --- a/_posts/0200-12-29-introduction_nl_NL.md +++ b/_posts/0200-12-29-introduction_nl_NL.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ --- layout: doc title: Introductie -permalink: /n_NLl/beginner/introduction/ +permalink: /nl_NL/beginner/introduction/ lang: nl_NL category: beginner --- diff --git a/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_fa.md b/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_fa.md index e07a812ee..daf0026c5 100644 --- a/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_fa.md +++ b/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_fa.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -layout: doc +layout: doc-rtl permalink: /fa/beginner/ lang: fa title: راهنمای مبتدیان diff --git a/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_sq.md b/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_sq.md index b23e83843..90eb7a617 100644 --- a/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_sq.md +++ b/_posts/0200-12-31-beginner_sq.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Guida e fillestarëve Kjo guidë tregon hap pas hapi se si të nisni me OpenStreetMap. Ju do të mësoni si të krijoni një llogari, si të përdorni programe bazikë për editimin e hartave dhe në kapitujt më vonë ju mund të mësoni si të dilni jashtë -dhe të mblidhni informacion për ta vendosur në hartë. Kapitujt e koordinimit përmbajnë informacion rreth [HOT Remote Mapping](/en/coordination) +dhe të mblidhni informacion për ta vendosur në hartë. Kapitujt e koordinimit përmbajnë informacion rreth [HOT Remote Mapping](/sq/coordination) > Kjo guidë mund të shkarkohet si [beginner_sq.odt](/files/beginner_sq.odt) ose [beginner_sq.pdf](/files/beginner_sq.pdf) Rishikuar 2015-07-12 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/0450-12-31-hot-tips_sq.md b/_posts/0450-12-31-hot-tips_sq.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce22797ed --- /dev/null +++ b/_posts/0450-12-31-hot-tips_sq.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +--- +layout: doc +permalink: /sq/hot-tips/ +lang: sq +title: Këshilla të HOT - Të fillosh për hartëzuesit e rinj - iD editor +category: hot-tips +cover: po +nosearch: true +--- + +Këshilla të HOT - Të fillosh për hartëzuesit e rinj - iD dhe Tasking Manager +================ + +Kjo seri guidash të shkurtra është për qëllim të vullnetarëve të cilët hartëzojnë për agjensitë e ndihmës duke përdorur Tasking Manager që është një menaxher detyrash, por parimet janë të njëjta për vënien në hartë në OpenStreetMap. Hartëzimi është i thjeshtë, por le ta bëjmë atë si duhet dhe të vazhdojmë ta përmirësojmë hartën! + +Përdorni menunë për të zgjedhur elementin që ju përshtatet. + +Shihni gjithashtu +--------- + +[![one-mnute-tutorial-videos]{: height="150px"}](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLb9506_-6FMHZ3nwn9heri3xjQKrSq1hN "Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team - One minute Tutorial Videos") +*Titrat të disponueshme në disa gjuhë* + +![iD help]{: height="400px"} +Menuja e ndihmës në iD - gjithnjë në dispozicion kur po editoni e cila përfshin një guidë opsionale për fillestarët. + +[Lista e shkurtimeve të iD në wiki](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/ID/Shortcuts) + +[OpenStreetMap wiki](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Main_Page) + +[Guida e Blake Girardot's për hartëzime në Afrikën Perëndimore](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/User:Bgirardot/West_African_HOT_Mapping_Tips) + +Nëse ju jeni i ri në OpenStreetMap modulet në vijim të seksionit tonë për fillestarët do jetë i dobishëm për ju; + +- [Hyrje në hartëzim](/sq/beginner/introduction/) +- [OpenStreetMap.org](/sq/beginner/start-osm/) + + + +[HOT logo me tekst]:/images/hot-tips/Hot_logo_with_text.svg +[iD help]:/images/hot-tips/iD-help.png "Menuja e ndihmës në iD - gjithnjë në dispozicion kur po editoni e cila përfshin një guidë opsionale për fillestarët." +[one-mnute-tutorial-videos]: /images/hot-tips/one-mnute-tutorial-videos.png "Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team One-Minute Tutorial Videos" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/0500-10-25-tasking-manager_zh_TW.md b/_posts/0500-10-25-tasking-manager_zh_TW.md index d13b5e222..1e7a7c0f0 100644 --- a/_posts/0500-10-25-tasking-manager_zh_TW.md +++ b/_posts/0500-10-25-tasking-manager_zh_TW.md @@ -51,18 +51,18 @@ category: coordination - 存取你曾經繪製完成區域的任務列表 - 進入任務分配管理系統的**訊息**（這和開放街圖裏頭的訊息發送是不同的兩個系統） - 登出 -- See a list of all users who have contributed completed squares within the Tasking Manager. You may access links to see more information about the user you select, such as which tasks they have completed squares for and their OSM edit history. +- 看到所有有用任務分配管理系統參與並完成繪製區域的使用者清單。您可以點擊連結，來查看更詳細的資訊，像是他們在開放街圖的編輯歷史中完成了哪些區域。 ![Tasking Manager Username_list][] -## Getting started with the Tasking Manager +## 開始使用任務分配管理系統 -You may view projects as a visitor, but to actively participate you must be logged into the Tasking Manager - use your OpenStreetMap account username & password. Open your Internet browser and go to . You will see a page like this: +您可以用訪客的身份來查閱任務，但是如果想要主動參與，您必須要登入任務分配管理系統。請使用自己的開放街圖使用者帳號與密碼。打開網路瀏覽器並且前往。您會看到這樣的頁面： ![Tasking Manager Login][] -- Click “login to OpenStreetMap” +- 點擊「登入到開放街圖」 - You are agreeing to allow this application some access to your OpenStreetMap account.  Click “Save Changes.” ![Authorizing access to OSM account by the Tasking Manager][] diff --git a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_es.md b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_es.md index 56285fbd3..3f8a38091 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_es.md +++ b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_es.md @@ -75,11 +75,16 @@ Relations are also very useful for representing long routes. For example, a bus Let's see how to create a relation for a bus route in JOSM: - First, select all of the ways which the route runs along. You may need to split some streets into separate segments if only part of them belong to the relation. You can do this using the "Split Way" tool. -- When all the segments are selected, go to *Presets->Transport->Public Transport->Public transport route*. +- When all the segments are selected, go to *Presets->Transport->Public Transport->Public Transport Route (Bus)*. ![Public transport preset][] -- Next to Route type, select "bus." +- A new window pops up where you can enter information which applies to the route as a whole. + +![New route relation][] + +It is important to select the specific route type from the dropdown menu at the top. For bus routes two options are available, bus and trolleybus. Typically you would also enter name, reference number, from and to. + - Click "New Relation." You will see the relation window pop up, just as when you create a multipolygon. ![Bus route relation][] @@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ Relations can be difficult to understand and do not need to be used often, but t [New mp object]: /images/josm/new-mp.png [Multipolygon in mapnik]: /images/josm/multipolygon-mapnik.png [An example of a multipolygon]: /images/josm/multipolygon-demo.png +[New route relation]: /images/josm/new-route-relation.png [Route relation]: /images/josm/route-relation.png [Public transport preset]: /images/josm/public-transport-preset.png [Bus route relation]: /images/josm/bus-route-relation.png diff --git a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_it.md b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_it.md index cae7441ff..b44589564 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_it.md +++ b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_it.md @@ -75,11 +75,16 @@ Le relazioni sono molto utili per rappresentare percorsi molto lunghi. Ad esempi Vediamo come creare una relazione per una linea di autobus in JOSM: - Per orima cosa , seleziona tutte le way utilizzate dal perscorso. Potresti dover suddividere alcune strade in segmenti separati se solo una parte di esse appartiene alla relazione. Puoi farlo utilizzando lo strumento "Dividi percorso". -- Quando tutti i segmenti sono selezionati, vai a *Preimpostazioni->Trasporto->Trasporto pubblico (legacy)->Route per trasporto pubblico (legacy)*. +- When all the segments are selected, go to *Presets->Transport->Public Transport->Public Transport Route (Bus)*. ![Public transport preset][] -- Vicino a "Tipo di itinerario, seleziona "autobus". +- A new window pops up where you can enter information which applies to the route as a whole. + +![New route relation][] + +It is important to select the specific route type from the dropdown menu at the top. For bus routes two options are available, bus and trolleybus. Typically you would also enter name, reference number, from and to. + - Clicca su "Nuova relazione". Vedrai apparire la finestra della relazione, proprio come quando hai creato la relazione multipoligono. ![Bus route relation][] @@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ Le relazioni possono essere difficili da comprendere e non sono usate spesso, ma [New mp object]: /images/josm/new-mp.png [Multipolygon in mapnik]: /images/josm/multipolygon-mapnik.png [An example of a multipolygon]: /images/josm/multipolygon-demo.png +[New route relation]: /images/josm/new-route-relation.png [Route relation]: /images/josm/route-relation.png [Public transport preset]: /images/josm/public-transport-preset.png [Bus route relation]: /images/josm/bus-route-relation.png diff --git a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_my.md b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_my.md index 486c80510..54ec43893 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_my.md +++ b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_my.md @@ -75,11 +75,16 @@ OpenStreetMap တွင်တွေ့ရှိနိုင်သော Relation JOSM ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲလ်တွင် ဘတ်စ်ကားလမ်းကြောင်းပြ မြေပုံတစ်ခုရေးဆွဲခြင်းကိုလေ့လာကြည့်ပါမည်။ - ပြေးဆွဲသောလမ်းကြောင်းများကို ဦးစွာရွေးပါ။ လမ်းကြောင်းပေါ်သို့ တစ်စိတ်တစ်ပိုင်းသာပါဝင်သောလမ်းများတွင် "Split Way" ကိရိယာကိုအသုံးပြု၍စိစစ်ခွဲခြားပါ။ -- လမ်းပိုင်းများကိုရွေးချယ်ပြီးပါက *Presets menu မှ Transport ကိုသွားပါ။ထိုမှ Public Transport ကိုနှိပ်ပြီး Public transport route ကိုရွေးပါ။* +- When all the segments are selected, go to *Presets->Transport->Public Transport->Public Transport Route (Bus)*. ![Public transport preset][] -- လမ်းကြောင်းအမျိုးအစားအတွက် "bus" ကို ရွေးပါ။ +- A new window pops up where you can enter information which applies to the route as a whole. + +![New route relation][] + +It is important to select the specific route type from the dropdown menu at the top. For bus routes two options are available, bus and trolleybus. Typically you would also enter name, reference number, from and to. + - "New Relation" တွင်ကလစ်နှိပ်ပါ။ ဗဟုဂံပုံအမျိုးမျိုးစုဖွဲ့ခြင်းမှာကဲ့သို့ မျက်နှာပြင်တစ်ခုထပ်မံထွက်ပေါ်လာသည်ကိုမြင်ရမည်။ ![Bus route relation][] @@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ Relations များသည် နားလည်ရခက်ပြီး မ [New mp object]: /images/josm/new-mp.png [Multipolygon in mapnik]: /images/josm/multipolygon-mapnik.png [An example of a multipolygon]: /images/josm/multipolygon-demo.png +[New route relation]: /images/josm/new-route-relation.png [Route relation]: /images/josm/route-relation.png [Public transport preset]: /images/josm/public-transport-preset.png [Bus route relation]: /images/josm/bus-route-relation.png diff --git a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_nl_NL.md b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_nl_NL.md index f1d7d0a6d..e7ffb3bf5 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_nl_NL.md +++ b/_posts/1900-06-15-josm-relations_nl_NL.md @@ -75,11 +75,16 @@ Relaties zijn ook erg nuttig voor het weergeven van lange routes. Een bus- of fi Laten we eens kijken hoe we een relatie voor een busroute maken in JOSM: - Selecteer eerst alle wegen waar de route overheen voert. U moet misschien enkele straten splitsen in afzonderlijke segmenten als slechts een gedeelte ervan tot de relatie behoort. U kunt dit doen met behulp van het gereedschap "Weg splitseb". -- Wanneer alle segmenten zijn geselecteerd, ga naar *Voorkeuzen->Vervoer->Openbaar vervoer->Route openbaar vervoer (Bus)*. +- When all the segments are selected, go to *Presets->Transport->Public Transport->Public Transport Route (Bus)*. ![Public transport preset][] -- Selecteer "bus", naast het type Route. +- A new window pops up where you can enter information which applies to the route as a whole. + +![New route relation][] + +It is important to select the specific route type from the dropdown menu at the top. For bus routes two options are available, bus and trolleybus. Typically you would also enter name, reference number, from and to. + - Klik op "Nieuwe relatie." U zult het venster Relatie tevoorschijn zien komen, net zoals wanneer u een multipolygoon maakt. ![Bus route relation][] @@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ Relaties kunnen moeilijk te begrijpen zijn en hoeven niet vaak gebruikt te worde [New mp object]: /images/josm/new-mp.png [Multipolygon in mapnik]: /images/josm/multipolygon-mapnik.png [An example of a multipolygon]: /images/josm/multipolygon-demo.png +[New route relation]: /images/josm/new-route-relation.png [Route relation]: /images/josm/route-relation.png [Public transport preset]: /images/josm/public-transport-preset.png [Bus route relation]: /images/josm/bus-route-relation.png diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_de.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_de.md index bbc8058fb..3a47da37e 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_de.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_de.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: Werkzeuge zum Editieren inJOSM +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /de/josm/josm-tools/ lang: de category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ Werkzeuge zum Editieren in JOSM ================== > Diese Anleitung kann als [josm_josm-tools_de.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_de.odt) oder [josm_josm-tools_de.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_de.pdf) heruntergeladen werden -Geprüft 2015-07-14 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -Im [Leitfaden für Anfänger](/de/josm/start-josm) haben wir die Grundlagen des Zeichnens in -JOSM behandelt, aber es gibt noch viele Werkzeuge und Techniken, die wir noch nicht gezeigt haben. +- TOC +{:toc} -Wir werfen jetzt einen Blick auf die grundlegenden Werkzeuge und Techniken, -die zum Zeichnen von Objekten in JOSM zur Verfügung stehen und später werden wir -vertieft auf weiterführende Zeichenwerkzeuge eingehen. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. Besorgen Sie sich die Beispieldaten ------------------- -- Wenn Sie die JOSM-Werkzeuge Schritt für Schritt ausprobieren möchten, dann laden Sie - bitte [de_tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/de_tools_menu_sample.osm) herunter. -- +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] Zeichenwerkzeuge ------------- -Wenn Sie das Menü “Werkzeuge” oben in JOSM anwählen, sehen Sie, dass es -zahlreiche Funktionen gibt, die Ihnen dabei helfen, Linien und Formen zu zeichnen -und die Objekte in der Karte zu bearbeiten. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. - - - +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -Um die Funktionen aus diesem Menü anzuwenden, müssen Sie zuerst -einen Punkt, eine Linie oder eine Form im Kartenfenster markieren. Die Beispieldatei enthält verschiedene -Objekte, die mit den Namen der verschiedenen Werkzeuge im Menü bezeichnet sind. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -- Versuchen Sie bitte, eines der Elemente in der Datei zu markieren. Dann wählen sie aus dem Werkzeug-Menü - die Funktion, die bei dem von Ihnen - markierten Element steht. -- Klicken Sie z.B. auf den schlecht gezeichneten Kreis, um ihn zu markieren. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -- Dann wählen Sie den Menüpunkt “Werkzeuge->Punkte im Kreis anordnen” aus. -- Der schlecht gezeichnete Kreis wird runder. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -Probieren Sie bitte jedes der Werkzeuge mit Hilfe der Beispieldatei aus. Im Folgenden -finden Sie eine Beschreibung einiger Werkzeuge. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -1. **Linie aufspalten:** Damit können Sie eine Linie in zwei getrennte Linien aufspalten. - Das benötigen Sie, wenn Sie verschiedenen Teilen einer Straße verschiedene - Attribute zuweisen wollen, etwa einer Brücke. Um diese Funktion zu benutzen, - markieren Sie einen Punkt mitten in der Linie, an dem Sie teilen möchten, wählen “Linie aufspalten” - aus dem Werkzeuge-Menü und Ihre Linie sollte jetzt aus zwei Teilen bestehen. +![Way direction][] -2. **Linien verbinden:** Diese Funktion macht das Gegenteil. Um zwei Linien zu einer - zu verbinden müssen sie einen gemeinsamen Punkt haben. Markieren Sie - die beiden zu verbindenden Linien. Dazu halten - Sie die Umschalttaste auf Ihrer Tastatur gedrückt - und klicken auf die Linien. Wenn Sie beide Linien markiert haben, - wählen Sie “Linien verbinden” aus dem Werkzeuge-Menü. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - Wenn Sie Wege mit unterschiedlichen Richtungen verbinden, erhalten Sie - diese Warnung: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - Wenn die Wege verbunden sind und in dieselbe Richtung verlaufen sollen, wählen - Sie “Drehen und Verbinden.” +### Create a Circle -3. **Linienrichtung umkehren:** Damit ändern Sie die Orientierung einer Linie. Alle Linien in - OSM haben eine Richtung, die in JOSM durch Pfeile auf der Linie dargestellt wird. - Normalerweise spielt die Richtung keine Rolle, außer bei Einbahnstraßen und - Flüssen, die in eine bestimmte Richtung verlaufen. In diesen Fällen müssen Sie möglicherweise - die Richtung umdrehen, damit der Weg in die richtige Richtung verläuft. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -4. **Linie vereinfachen**: Wenn Ihre Linie aus zu vielen Punkten besteht und Sie sie gerne - vereinfachen möchten, entfernt dieses Werkzeug einige Punkte aus der Linie. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -5. **Punkte im Kreis anordnen:** Wenn Sie eine runde Form zeichnen - möchten, zeichnen Sie einen Kreis so gut Sie es können und markieren ihn. - Diese Funktion ordnet die gezeichneten Punkte auf einem Kreis an. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -6. **Kreis erstellen:** Alternativ dazu können Sie dieses Werkzeug - verwenden, das einen genaueren Kreis erzeugt. Zeichnen Sie eine Linie, die dem - Durchmesser Ihres Kreises entspricht und wenden Sie dann das Werkzeug an. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -7. **Punkte in einer Gerade anordnen:** Diese Funktion richtet eine Reihe von Punkten - in einer geraden Linie aus. Bei langen Linien richten Sie am besten - einzelne Abschnitte der Linie aus. Achten Sie darauf, dass das gerne - die Linie ein bisschen verschiebt. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -8. **Form rechtwinklig machen:** Diese Funktion ist sehr nützlich um - regelmäßige Formen wie etwa Gebäude zu zeichnen. Wenn Sie die Fläche gezeichnet haben, - richtet diese Funktion sie so aus, dass alle Ecken rechtwinklig sind. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -9. **Linien trennen:** Mit diesem Werkzeug trennen Sie verbundene Punkte. - Das ist dann nützlich, wenn zwei Objekte, die nicht verbunden sein sollten, - einen Punkt gemeinsam haben. Beispielsweise sieht man öfter, dass eine Straße mit einem - Gebäude einen Punkt gemeinsam hat. Üblicherweise verlaufen Straßen nicht durch Gebäude - und sie können mit dieser Funktion die beiden Objekte voneinander - trennen. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > Die Linie und der Punkt sind erst dann getrennt zu sehen, wenn Sie sie bewegen. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* Tastaturkürzel ------------------ -Wenn Sie öfter mit JOSM arbeiten, werden Sie schnell das Gefühl haben, -beim Klicken durch Menüs und Untermenüs eine Menge Zeit zu verlieren. Als Abhilfe verfügt JOSM über Tastaturkürzel -für nahezu jede Funktion. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -Statt ein Objekt anzuklicken und sich danach durch die Menüs -durchzuhangeln, klicken Sie einfach auf das Objekt und drücken dann die entsprechende Taste. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -Alle Werkzeuge, die wir bisher besprochen haben, besitzen Tastaturkürzel, die -Sie im Menü rechts neben dem entsprechenden Eintrag sehen. Z.B. ist “O” -das Kürzel, um Punkte auf einem Kreis anzuordnen. Mit “L” ordnen Sie sie entlang einer Linie an. -Sie brauchen vielleicht etwas Zeit, bis Sie die Kürzel kennen, aber auf längere +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves Sicht zahlt sich das sicher aus. Hier stehen (**fettgedruckt**) noch einige der wichtigsten anderen Tastaturkürzel. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Hier stehen (**fettgedruckt**) noch einige der wichtigsten anderen Tastaturkürz Skalieren und Drehen ---------------- -Eine häufige Frage ist, wie man eine Linie oder Form drehen kann, nachdem -sie gezeichnet wurde. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- Um ein Objekt zu drehen, markieren Sie es zuerst. -- Halten Sie **Umschalt+Strg** auf Ihrer Tastatur gedrückt. -- Klicken und ziehen Sie mit der Maus, um das Objekt zu drehen. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -Um ein Objekt zu skalieren (es also größer oder kleiner zu machen), verwenden Sie die gleiche -Prozedur, halten aber stattdessen Alt+Strg gedrückt. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. Diese Anleitung sehen Sie auch in der Informationsleiste unten in JOSM: diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_es.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_es.md index dcbe311ed..5f26657ed 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_es.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_es.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: herramientas de JOSM +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /es/josm/josm-tools/ lang: es category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ Herramientas de Edición en JOSM ================== > Esta guía puede ser descargada como [josm_josm-tools_es.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_es.odt) o [josm_josm-tools_es.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_es.pdf) -> Revisado 2015-07-14 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -En la [Guía para comenzar a usar JOSM] hemos cubierto los conceptos básicos para dibujar en -JOSM, pero hay varias herramientas y técnicas que no han sido demostradas. +- TOC +{:toc} -Aquí presentaremos algunas herramientas y técnicas básicas disponibles en JOSM -para dibujar las características del mapa, y en los capítulos siguientes veremos -en más detalle las heramientas avanzadas. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. Obtener archivo de muestra ------------------- - - Si quisieras seguir las instrucciones mientras practicas en JOSM, descarga - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). - - Abre JOSM y el archivo también. Debes ver algo similar a esto: +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] Herramientas de dibujo ------------- -Si hace clic en el menú "Herramientas" en la ventana principal, verá que hay -muchas funciones que pueden ayudarte a dibujar líneas y formas, y -a editar objetos en el mapa. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -JOSM tiene algunas herramientas adicionales para facilitar -el dibujo de líneas y formas. Estas herramientas se encuentran en el menú "Herramientas" -en la ventana principal de JOSM. +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -Para utilizar las funciones del menú, tiene que primero seleccionar -un punto, una línea o una forma en el mapa. El archivo de muestra contiene varios -elementos que están etiquetados con los nombres de las diferentes herramientas en el menú. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle - - Seleccione uno de los elementos en el archivo. Después elija el menú de Herramientas - y haga clic en la función que ha identificado al lado del objeto - que seleccionaste. - - Por ejemplo, haga clic en el círculo mal dibujado para seleccionarlo. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] - - Luego, ve a Herramientas -> Alinear Nodos en Círculo. - - El círculo mal dibujado tendrá una forma más circular. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -Experimenta con cada una de las herramientas usando el archivo de muestra. Una descripción de -ciertas herramientas se encuentra a continuación. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -1. **Dividir Vía:** Esto te permite dividir una línea en dos líneas separadas. - Esto es útil siquieres añadir diferentes atributos a varias - partes de una ruta, como un puente. Para usar esta función, seleccione un - punto en medio de la línea que quieres dividir, selecciona Dividir - Vía en el menú de Herramientas, y su línea debería dividirse en dos. +![Way direction][] -2. **Combinar Vías:** Esto hace lo contrario de Dividir Vía. Para combinar dos - líneas en una única línea, tienen que compartir un único punto en común. Para usar - esta función, seleccione las dos líneas que desea combinar. Puede - seleccionar más de un objeto al mantener presionado SHIFT en su - teclado mientras hace clic en cada línea. Cuando haya seleccionado ambas - líneas, seleccione Combinar Vías en el menú de Herramientas. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - Si estás combinando caminos que tienen diferentes direcciones, es - posible que leas esta advertencia: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - Si las carreteras están conectadas y van en la misma dirección, entonces seleccione - "Inviertir y continuar". +### Create a Circle -3. **Invertir vía:** Esto va a cambiar la dirección de la línea. Todas las líneas en - OSM tiene una dirección, que se muestra en JOSM por las flechas en la línea. - Dirección no suele importar, excepto en el caso de vías mano única y - ríos que fluyen en una dirección determinada. En estos casos puede ser necesario - invertir la vía para que vaya en la dirección correcta. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -4. **Simplificar vía:** Si su línea tiene demasiados puntos y le gustaría - que sea más simple, esto eliminará algunos de los puntos de la línea. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -5. **Alinear nodos en círculo:** Si está tratando de hacer una - forma circular, dibuje el círculo lo mejor que pueda y luego seleccionelo. - Esta función le ayudará a organizar sus puntos en un círculo. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -6. **Crear círculo:** Como alternativa, puede utilizar esta herramienta, que - creará un círculo más perfecto. Dibuje una línea que represente el - diámetro de su círculo, y luego aplique esta herramienta. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -7. **Alinear nodos en línea:** Esta función alineará una serie de puntos - en una línea recta. Con largas líneas lo mejor es seleccionar secciones - de la línea a enderezar. Tenga cuidado, ya que tiene la - tendencia a desplazar la línea un poco. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -8. Ortogonalizar Forma: Esta función es muy útil para dibujar - formas regulares tales como edificios. Después de dibujar un área, esta - función la remodelará para que tenga esquinas cuadradas. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -9. Despegar vía: Esta herramienta le permite separar los nodos que estan - conectados. Es útil cuando dos objetos comparten un nodo y no deberían. - Por ejemplo, un error común es que una calle comparta un nodo - con la esquina de un edificio. Por supuesto las calles no se chocan con los edificios - en general, por lo que esto es un error, y se puede despegar los objetos uno - de otro. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > La línea y el nodo no aparecerán en realidad separados hasta que los mueva. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* Atajos de teclado ------------------ -Una vez que empiece a editar mucho se dará cuenta que pierde mucho tiempo -al hacer clic en los menús y submenús. Para superar esto, JOSM tiene atajos de teclado -para casi todo. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -Esto significa que en lugar de hacer clic en un objeto y luego pasar por un largo -menú, puede simplemente seleccionar el objeto y pulsar una tecla del teclado. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -Todas las herramientas mencionadas en el apartado anterior tienen teclas de acceso directo, que -aparece en el menú Herramientas a la derecha de cada nombre de la herramienta. Por ejemplo, "O" es el -acceso directo para alinear los nodos en un círculo. "L" es el atajo para alinearlos en una línea. -Puede tomar algún tiempo aprender las teclas de acceso directo, pero encontrará que ahorra +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves mucho tiempo a la larga. Aquí hay otras teclas de acceso directo (en **negrita**), que son algunas de los más importantes. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Aquí hay otras teclas de acceso directo (en **negrita**), que son algunas de lo Escala y Rotación ---------------- -Una pregunta común es cómo girar una línea o forma después de haberla -dibujado. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- Para girar un objeto, primero seleccionelo. -- Mantenta presionado **SHIFT+CTRL** en su teclado. -- Haga clic y arrastre el ratón para rotar. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -Para escalar un objeto (para hacerlo más grande o pequeño), siga el mismo -proceso, pero en cambio mantenga ALT+CTRL. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. Estas instrucciones se muestran en la barra de información en la parte inferior de JOSM: diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_fa.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_fa.md index ffb12ef9b..cf0878ba5 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_fa.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_fa.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc-rtl -title: ابزارهای JOSM +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /fa/josm/josm-tools/ lang: fa category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ category: josm ================== > این راهنما را میتوان به صورت [josm_josm-tools_fa.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_fa.odt) و یا [josm_josm-tools_fa.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_fa.pdf) دانلود کرد. -> تاریخ بازبینی ۱۳۹۴/۰۴/۲۳ +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -در [راهنمای شروع به کار با JOSM](/fa/josm/start-josm/) ما اصول پایه رسم با -JOSM را یاد دادیم اما ابزارها و تکنیکهای بسیار زیادی وجود دارد که که هنوز نگفته‌ایم. +- TOC +{:toc} -در اینجا نگاهی به برخی از ابزارها و تکنیکهای اولیه موجود جهت -افزودن خصیصه‌های نقشه در JOSM می‌اندازیم و در بخشهای بعدی -نگاه جزئی‌تری به ابزارهای ترسیم پیشرفته می‌کنیم. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. گرفتن فایل ساده ------------------- -اگر مایلید با ما همرا باشید و با JOSM تمرین کنید فایل ذیل را دانلود کنید - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). -JOSM را راه‌اندازی کنید و فایل را باز کنید. چیزی شبیه به این را می‌بینید: +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] ابزارهای ترسیم ------------- -اگر بر روی منوی "Tools" بالای JOSM کلیک کنید، می‌بینید که -عملکردهای متعددی وجود دارند که به شما در ترسیم خطوط و شکل‌ها و نیز -ویرایش اشیاء نقشه کمک می‌کنند. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -JOSM ابزارهای بیشتری هم برای رسم آسانتر -خطوط و شکل‌ها دارد. این ابزارها در منوی "Tools" -بالای JOSM پیدا می‌شوند. +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![منوی ابزارها][Tools menu] -برای بکارگیری کارکردهای این منو، بایست ابتدا -یک نقطه، خط یا شکل را در درون پنجره نقشه انتخاب کنید. فایل نمونه -حاوی المان‌های مختلف است که نام آنها بر اساس ابزارهای مختلف منو نامگذاری شده است. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -یکی از المان‌های فایل را انتخاب کنید. سپس به منوی Tools رفته - و بر روی عملکردی که همنام با المان - انتخاب شده است کلیک کنید. -برای مثال، بر روی دایره‌ای که به شکل بدی ترسیم شده کلیک کنید تا انتخاب شود. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -سپس به منوی Align Nodes in Circle<-Tools بروید. -آن شکل تبدیل به یک دایره کاملاً منظم می‌شود. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -با همه ابزارهایی که در این فایل قرار دارد کار کنید. در ذیل برای برخی از -ابزارها توضیح مختصری داده شده است. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -۱- **Split Way:** به شما اجازه می‌دهد تا یک خط را به دو خط جداگانه تقسیم کنید. - اینکار برای زمانی که قصد دارید خصوصیات متفاوتی - به هر قطعه از جاده مثلاْ یک پل بدهید، مفید خواهد بود. برای اینکار، نقطه‌ای را - وسط یک خط انتخاب کنید، Split Way را - از منوی Tools انتخاب کنید، خط شما از محل آن نقطه به دو قسمت می‌شود. +![Way direction][] -۲- **Combine Way:** این ابزار برعکس Split Way است. برای چسباندن - چند خط به هم و ایجاد یک خط، آن خطوط بایستی نقطه مشترک با هم داشته باشند. برای اینکار، - دو خطی زا که می‌خواهید با هم یکی شوند را انتخاب کنید. می‌توانید - با نگه داشتن کلید شیفت و - کلیک بر روی هر خط، بیش از یک خط را انتخاب کنید. وقتی هردو خط را انتخاب کردید، - Combine Way را از منوی Tools انتخاب کنید. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - اگر دو خط را که دارای جهت‌های متفاوتی هستند را انتخاب کنید، این - هشدار را خواهید دید: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - اگر هر دو راه به هم چسبیده‌اند و جهتهای متفاوتی دارند، مورد - "Reverse and Continue" را انتخاب کنید. +### Create a Circle -۳- **Reverse Way:** این مورد جهت خط را برعکس می‌کند. در OSM - همه خطوط دارای جهت هستند که در JOSM به صورت پیکانهایی روی خط نشان داده می‌شود. - معمولاً جهت خط اهمیتی ندارد، بجز در راههای یکطرفه و - رودخانه‌ها که در آنها جهت جریان آب را نشان داده می‌شود. در این موارد - بایستی جهت را اصلاح کنید. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -۴- **Simplify Way:** اگر یک خط دارای نقطه‌های خیلی زیاد باشد و بخواهید آنرا - ساده‌تر کنید، این ابزار برخی از نقطه‌ها را از خط حذف می‌کند. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -۵- **Align Nodes in Circle:** اگر می‌خواهید یک - شکل دابره‌ای درست کنید، آنرا تا هرجا که می‌توانید ترسیم کنید و سپس این را انتخاب کنید. - این ابزار همه آن نقاط را به شکل یک دایره کاملاً منظم مرتب می‌کند. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -۶- **Create Circle:** همچنین می‌توانید از این ابزار استفاده کنید که یک - دایره کامل درست می‌کند. یک خط را به قطر آن دایره بکشید - و سپس این ابزار را انتخاب کنید. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -۷- **Align Nodes in Line:** این عملکرد یک سری از نقاط را در یک - راستای مستقیم منظم می‌کند. در مورد خطوط خیلی طولانی - بهتر است قسمتهایی از خط انتخاب شود تا خط راست شود. مراقب باشید - با انجام این کار خط کمی متمایل به یکطرف خواهد شد. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -۸- Orthogonalize Shape: این عملکرد برای ترسیم - شکلهای بسیار منظم نظیر ساختمانها بسیار کاربردی است. بعد از اینکه یک محوطه را کشیدید، این - ابزار آنرا منظم کرده و همه گوشه‌ها قائمه می‌شود. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -۹- Unglue way: این ابزار نقطه‌هایی را که - به هم چسبیده‌اند از هم جدا می‌کند. اینکار وقتی که دو شیء دارای نقطه مشترک هستند - و بایستی از هم جدا شوند کاربرد دارد. مثلاً، یک اشتباه رایج که اغلب اتفاق می‌افتد چسبیدن یک نقطه - از راهها به ساختمانهای نزدیک جاده است. پر واضح است که کمتر جاده‌ای به یک ساختمان - منتهی میشود. برای رفع این اشکال می‌توان ازین ابزار استفاده کرد تا اشیاء را - از هم جدا کرد. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > خط و نقطه تا وقتی که آنها را جابجا نکنید، جدا از هم به نظر نمیرسند. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* میانبرهای صفحه کلید ------------------ -به محض شروع به ویرایش می‌فهمید که مدت زمان زیادی صرف کلیک -بر روی منوها و زیرمنوها می‌کنید. JOSM برای فائق آمدن به این موضوع، -برای هر چیزی کلید میانبر دارد. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -این بدین معنی است که به عوض فرآیند کلیک بر روی یک شی و رفتن به -داخل منوهای عریض و طویل، به راحتی می‌توانید شی را انتخاب و کلید میانبر آنرا بزنید. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -همه ابزارهایی که در فصل پیشین نام برده شده‌اند دارای کلید میانبری هستند که در -منوی Tools در سمت راست نام هر منو آورده شده‌اند. مثلاً، "O" -کلید میانبر چیدن نقاط به صورت دایره است. "L" کلید میانبر چیدن نقاط به صورت خط است. -یادگیری و به خاطر سپردن کلیدهای میانبر کمی زمانبر است، اما به مرور زمان می‌فهمید که +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves استفاده از آنها در زمان صرفه‌جویی بسیار زیادی می‌‌کند. در اینجا مهمترین کلیدهای میانبر دیگر را (با فونت ضخیم) می‌بینیم. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ JOSM ابزارهای بیشتری هم برای رسم آسانتر تغییر اندازه و چرخش ---------------- -یکی از سوالات رایج این است که چگونه شکل و یا خطی را که کشیده‌ایم -بچرخانیم. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -برای چرخاندن یک شی ابتدا آنرا انتخاب کنید. -دو کلید **SHIFT+CTRL** را با هم روی نگه دارید. -ماوس را کلیک کرده و آنرا بچرخانید. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -برای تغییر اندازه یک شی (کوچک کردن یا بزرگ کردن) همین کار را بکنید -ولی اینبار کلیدهای ALT+CTRL را با هم نگه دارید. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. این دستورالعمل‌ها در خط اطلاعات پائین صفحه JOSM هم نمایش داده می‌شود. diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_it.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_it.md index 64764349f..2456bb1ea 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_it.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_it.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: Gli strumenti di JOSM +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /it/josm/josm-tools/ lang: it category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ Gli strumenti di JOSM ================== > Questa guida può essere scaricata come [josm_josm-tools_it.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_it.odt) oppure [josm_josm-tools_it.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_it.pdf) -> Revisionato il 2015-07-14 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -All'inizio della [guida all'uso di JOSM](/it/josm/start-josm/) abbiamo spiegato i passi fondamentali per disegnare, -ma ci sono molti strumenti e tecniche non ancora spiegati. +- TOC +{:toc} -Qui vedremo alcuni strumenti e tecniche fondamentali -per disegnare oggetti in JOSM e nei capitoli seguenti -illustreremo gli strumenti di disegno più avanzati. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. Scarica il file di esempio ------------------- -Se vuoi seguirci in questo esercizio usando gli strumenti di JOSM, scarica - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). -- Avvia JOSM e carica il file. Dovrebbe presentarsi così: +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] Strumenti di disegno ------------- -If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there -are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and -editing the objects on the map. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to -draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the -top of JOSM. +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a -point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various -elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu - and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have - selezionato. -- For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. -- The badly drawn circle will become more circular. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of -some of the tools is provided below. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -1. **Split Way:** This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. - This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different - parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a - point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split - Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. +![Way direction][] -2. **Combine Way:** This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two - lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use - this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can - select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your - keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both - lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - If you are combining roads that have different directions, you - might get this warning: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose - "Reverse and Continue." +### Create a Circle -3. **Reverse Way:** This will change the direction of the line. All lines in - OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. - Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and - rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to - reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -4. **Simplify Way:** If your line has too many points in it and you’d like - to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -5. **Align Nodes in Circle:** If you are trying to make a - circular shape, draw the circle as best you can and then select it. - This function will help arrange your points in a circle. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -6. **Create Circle:** Alternatively, use can use this tool, which - will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the - diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -7. **Align Nodes in Line:** This function will align a series of points - into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections - of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the - tendency to shift the line a little bit. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -8. Orthogonalize Shape: This function is very useful for drawing - regular shapes such as buildings. After you draw an area, this - function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -9. Unglue way: This tool allows you to detach nodes that are - connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should - not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node - with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings - usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one - another. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* Scorciatoie da tastiera ------------------ -Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time -clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts -for just about everything. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy -menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are -listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the -shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. -It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves a lot of time in the long run. Here are other shortcut keys (in **bold**) which are some of the most important. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Here are other shortcut keys (in **bold**) which are some of the most important. Scalare e ruotare ---------------- -A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has -been drawn. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- Per ruotare un qualsiasi oggetto è necessario selezionarlo, puoi farlo con il mouse. -- Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. -- Fai click con il mouse e poi trascina per ruotare. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same -process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. These instructions are displayed on the information bar at the bottom of JOSM: diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_my.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_my.md index db82c8665..2bdd3eeb9 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_my.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_my.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: JOSM ဆော့လ်ဖ်ဝဲလ်၏ကိရိယာများ +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /my/josm/josm-tools/ lang: my category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ JOSM ဆော့လ်ဖ်ဝဲလ်၏ ပြင်ဆင်တည်း ================== > ဤလမ်းညွှန်ချက်ကို [josm_josm-tools_my.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_my.odt) (သို့မဟုတ်) [josm_josm-tools_my.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_my.pdf) တွင် download ပြုလုပ်၍ရယူနိုင်ပါသည်။ -> Reviewed 2015-07-14 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -JOSM ဆော့လ်ဖ်ဝဲလ်ကိုအသုံးပြုလျက် မြေပုံရေးဆွဲခြင်းအခြေခံများကို [JOSMကိုစတင်အသုံးပြုခြင်းလမ်းညွှန်](/my/josm/start-josm/) တွင်ဖော်ပြခဲ့ပြီးဖြစ်သည်။ -သို့သော် ရှင်းလင်းဖော်ပြမထားသည့် များစွာသောကိရိယာများနှင့် နည်းစနစ်များစွာ ကျန်ရှိနေပါသေးသည်။ +- TOC +{:toc} -JOSM ဆော့လ်ဖ်ဝဲလ်တွင်မြေပုံရေးဆွဲရာ၌ အခြေခံကျသောကိရိယာများနှင့် နည်းစနစ်များကို -ဆက်လက်လေ့လာမည်ဖြစ်ပြီး နောက်ပိုင်းအခန်းများတွင် အဆင့်မြင့် -မြေပုံဆွဲကိရိယာများကို လေ့လာရလိမ့်မည်ဖြစ်သည်။ +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. နမူနာဖိုင်ကိုရယူခြင်း ------------------- -- ဆက်လက်လေ့လာနိုင်ရန်နှင့် JOSM ကိရိယာများကိုအသုံးပြု၍ လေ့ကျင့်နိုင်ရန်အတွက် အောက်ပါနမူနာဖိုင်ကို အင်တာနက်မှတဆင့် download ပြုလုပ်၍ရယူပါ။ - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). -- JOSM ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲလ်ကိုစတင်ပြီး သင်ရယူထားသော နမူနာဖိုင်ကိုဖွင့်ပါက အောက်ပါအတိုင်း မြင်တွေ့ရမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] ပုံဆွဲကိရိယာများ ------------- -Menu ဘားတန်းရှိ "Tools" ကိုနှိပ်ပါ။ မျဉ်းများ၊ ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်များရေးဆွဲခြင်းနှင့် -မြေပုံပေါ်ရှိ အရာဝတ္ထုများ ပြင်ဆင်တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်းတို့အတွက် အထောက်အကူပေးသော လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်များစွာကို -မြင်တွေ့ရမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -မျဉ်းကြောင်းနှင့်ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်များ ရေးဆွဲရာတွင် လွယ်ကူစေရန်အတွက် ထပ်ဆောင်းဖြည့်စွက်ထားသော ကိရိယာများလည်း JOSM ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲလ်တွင် -ပါဝင်သည်။ ယင်းတို့ကို Menu ဘားတန်းရှိ “Tools” နေရာတွင်နှိပ်၍ -ရှာဖွေတွေ့နိုင်သည်။ +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -ဤ menu ရှိ လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်များကို ဆောင်ရွက်ရန်အတွက် မြေပုံမျက်နှာပြင်ရှိ မိမိအသုံးပြုမည့် မျဉ်းကြောင်း၊ အမှတ်နှင့် ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်တို့ကို ဦးစွာရွေးချယ်ရမည်။ -menu တွင်ရှိသောကိရိယာအမျိုးမျိုးအတွက် နမူနာဖိုင်တွင် -အညွှန်းအမည်တပ်ကာ ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်အမျိုးမျိုး ခွဲခြားပြသထားသည်။ +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -- နမူနာဖိုင်တွင် ပါရှိသောအရာများထဲမှ တစ်ခုကိုရွေးချယ်ပါ။ - ထို့နောက် tools menu သို့သွားပြီး သင်ရွေးချယ်ထားသောအရာ၏အနားတွင်ဖော်ပြပေးထားသော - လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ကိုရွေးနှိပ်ပါ။ -- ဥပမာ။ အောက်ပုံတွင်ပြထားသည့်အတိုင်း စက်ဝိုင်းသဏ္ဍန် မညီမညာပုံတစ်ခုကိုရွေးပါ။ +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -- ထို့နောက် Tools menu ကိုသွားပြီး Align Nodes in Circle ကိုရွေးချယ်ပါ။ (Tools->Align Nodes in Circle) -- မညီမညာဖြစ်နေသော စက်ဝိုင်းပုံသည် ပို၍ဝိုင်းစက်လာသည်ကိုမြင်ရပါလိမ့်မည်။ +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -နမူနာဖိုင်ကိုအသုံးချလျှက် ကိရိယာအချို့၏လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်များကိုလေ့လာကြည့်နိုင်သည်။ -အချို့ကိရိယာများအတွက် အညွှန်းဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များကို အောက်ပါအတိုင်းတွေ့နိုင်သည်။ +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -၁။ **ခွဲထွက်လမ်းကြောင်း (Split Way)** ။ ။ မျဉ်းတစ်ကြောင်းမှနှစ်ပိုင်းခွဲထုတ်ရန်သုံးသည်။ - လမ်းကြောင်းတစ်ခုပေါ်သို့ အခြားမတူညီသော အရာတစ်ခုအား ပေါင်းစပ်ရာတွင်အသုံးဝင်သည်။ - ဥပမာ ... တံတားကဲ့သို့အရာများ။ ယခုလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ကို အသုံးပြုရန်အတွက် - မျဉ်းကြောင်းတစ်ခု၏အလယ်တွင်ရှိသောအမှတ်တစ်ခုကိုရွေးချယ်ပါ။ - ထို့နောက် Toosl menu တွင် Split Way ကိုရွေးလိုက်ပါက မျဉ်းကြောင်း အစိတ်အပိုင်းနှစ်ခု ဖြစ်သွားမည်ဖြစ်၏။ +![Way direction][] -၂။ **ပေါင်းစပ်လမ်းကြောင်း (Combine Way)** ။ ။ ခွဲထွက်လမ်းကြောင်းလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်နှင့် ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဖြစ်သည်။ မျဉ်းနှစ်ကြောင်းကို - တစ်ကြောင်းတည်းအဖြစ်ပေါင်းစပ်ရာတွင်အသုံးပြုပြီး လမ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိအမှတ်များကိုလည်း အတူပေါင်းစပ်ပေးသည်။ - သင်ပေါင်းစပ်လိုသော မျဉ်းနှစ်ကြောင်းကိုရွေးပါ။ - တစ်ခုထက်ပိုသော အရာဝတ္ထုများကိုရွေးချယ်နိုင်ရန်အတွက် ကွန်ပျူတာကီးဘုတ်မှ SHIFT ခလုတ်ကို - ဖိနှိပ်ထားလျက် ရွေးချယ်လိုသောအရာများကို တစ်ခုချင်းနှိပ်ကာရွေးနိုင်ပါသည်။ မျဉ်းနှစ်ကြောင်းလုံးကိုရွေးချယ်ပြီးပါက - Tools menu ရှိ Combine Way ကိုရွေးချယ်ပါ။ +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - လားရာဘက်မတူသော လမ်းကြောင်းများကို ပေါင်းစပ်မည်ဆိုပါက အောက်တွင်မြင်တွေ့ရသော - သတိပေးစာတစ်ခု ထွက်ပေါ်လာမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - လမ်းများကိုပေါင်းစပ်ပြီးနောက် လားရာတစ်ဘက်တည်းသာ ညွှန်ပြမည်ဆိုပါက - "Reverse and Continue" ကိုရွေးပါ။ +### Create a Circle -၃။ **လားရာလှည့်သောလမ်းကြောင်း (Reverse Way)** ။ ။ မျဉ်းကြောင်း၏လားရာအရပ်ကို လှည့်ပြောင်းရန်အသုံးပြုသည်။ - OSM မြေပုံများရှိလမ်းကြောင်းများတွင် လားရာဘက်တစ်ခုပါရှိမြဲဖြစ်ပြီး JOSM ဆော့လ်ဖ်ဝဲလ်တွင် မျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိ မြားခေါင်းများဖြင့် လားရာဘက်ကိုဖော်ပြပေးသည်။ - တိကျသောလားရာဘက် ရှိစမြဲဖြစ်သည့်တစ်လမ်းသွားလမ်းများ၊ - မြစ်ချောင်းများမှလွဲ၍ မျဉ်းကြောင်းလားရာဘက်ဖော်ပြခြင်းကိုအလေးထားစရာမလိုပေ။ ယခုလေ့ကျင့်ခန်းတွင် - မျဉ်းကြောင်းလားရာဘက် ပြောင်းလဲမှုကို လေ့ကျင့်နိုင်သည်။ +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -၄။ **ရိုးရိုးရှင်းရှင်းဖော်ပြသောလမ်းကြောင်း (Simplify Way)** ။ ။ သင်ရေးဆွဲသောမျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်တွင် အမှတ်များစွာပါရှိနေပြီး - အမြင်ရှင်းသောလမ်းကြောင်းတစ်ခုအဖြစ် ပြောင်းလိုပါက အသုံးပြုသောလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ဖြစ်သည်။ မျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိ အမှတ်အချို့ကိုဖယ်ရှားပေးသည့်လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ဖြစ်၏။ - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -၅။ **စက်ဝိုင်းရှိအမှတ်ငယ်များကိုချိန်ညှိခြင်း (Align Nodes in Circle)** ။ ။ စက်ဝိုင်းပုံတစ်ခုကို သင်ရေးဆွဲသည်ဆိုပါစို့။ - သင်တတ်စွမ်းသမျှ အဝိုင်းပုံတစ်ခုဖြစ်အောင်ဦးစွာရေးဆွဲပြီး ယင်းကိုရွေးချယ်လိုက်ပါ။ - ယခုလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်အပိုင်း (Align Nodes in Circle) သည်သင်ရေးဆွဲသောစက်ဝိုင်းပုံကို ပိုမိုဝိုင်းစက်လာစေရန်ကူညီပေးမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -၆။ **စက်ဝိုင်းပုံရေးဆွဲခြင်း (Create Circle)** ။ ။ ပိုမိုတိကျသော စက်ဝိုင်းပုံရရှိရန်အတွက် ယခုလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ကိရိယာကို - လှည့်ပြောင်းသုံးစွဲနိုင်ပါသည်။ စက်ဝိုင်းအချင်းအဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်မည့်မျဉ်းတစ်ကြောင်းကို ဦးစွာရေးဆွဲပြီး - ယခုလုပ်ဆာင်ချက်ကိုအသုံးပြုပါက စက်ဝိုင်းပုံရရှိမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -၇။ **မျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိ အမှတ်ငယ်များကိုချိန်ညှိခြင်း (Align Nodes in Line)** ။ ။ မျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိအမှတ်များကို - တဖြောင့်တည်းဖြစ်စေရန် ဆောင်ရွက်ပေးသည်။ မျဉ်းကြောင်းရှည်များကို တဖြောင့်တည်း - ဖြစ်အောင်လုပ်ဆောင်ရာတွင် အသုံးဝင်သည်။ မျဉ်းကြောင်း ယိမ်းယိုင်မှုမရှိစေရန်အတွက် - ဂရုပြုသုံးစွဲဖို့လိုအပ်သည်။ +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -၈။ **ထောင့်မှန်ပုံသဏ္ဍာန် (Orthogonalize Shape)** ။ ။ အဆောက်အဦများရေးဆွဲရာတွင် အသုံးဝင်သည်။ - အဆောက်အဦနေရာတစ်ခုကို ရေးဆွဲပြီးပါက ထောင့်မှန်ခံအနားများအဖြစ် - ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်ပြန်လည်ပြုပြင်ရာတွင် အသုံးပြုသည်။ - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -၉။ **ပြန်လည်ခွဲခြားပြသောလမ်းကြောင်း** ။ ။ အမှတ်ငယ်များပေါင်းစပ်ထိကပ်မှုရှိလာပါက ပြန်လည်ခွဲခြားရှင်းလင်းပြသောလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ကိရိယာဖြစ်သည်။ - အတူပေါင်းစည်းခြင်းအတွက် မဖြစ်နိုင်သောအမှတ်ငယ်များကြားတွင် ရှင်းလင်းရန်အသုံးပြုသည်။ - ဥပမာ။ လမ်းကြောင်းတစ်ခုပေါ်ရှိအမှတ်ငယ်သည် အဆောက်အဦတစ်ခုကိုဖော်ပြသော မျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိအမှတ်ငယ်တစ်ခုနှင့် ထပ်တူကျသွားသည်ဆိုပါစို့။ - အဆောက်အဦထဲသို့ လမ်းမတစ်ခုဖောက်ဝင် ထားလေ့မရှိသည့်အတွက် မြေပုံဖော်ပြချက် မှားယွင်းသွားပါလိမ့်မည်။ - ထိုသို့ကြုံတွေ့ပါက ယခုလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ကိရိယာကိုအသုံးပြုလျက် အရာဝတ္ထုနှစ်ခုကို ပြန်လည်ကွဲကွာသွားရန် - လုပ်ဆောင်ပေးနိုင်သည်။ +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > မျဉ်းကြောင်းနှင့်အမှတ်ငယ်တို့သည် အရာဝတ္ထုများကိုနေရာရွှေ့ပြောင်းသည့်တိုင် ကွဲကွာမသွားနိုင်သောကြောင့်ဖြစ်သည်။ +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* ကွန်ပျူတာကီးဘုတ် ဖြင့်မြန်ဆန်စွာအသုံးပြုနိုင်သော နည်းလမ်းများ ------------------ -မြေပုံတည်းဖြတ်မှုပြုရာတွင် တည်းဖြတ်မှုများလျှင်များသလောက် အချိန်ပေးရမှုများလည်းကြုံတွေ့လာနိုင်သည်။ -ယင်းအချက်ကို ကျော်လွှားရန်အတွက် JOSM ဆော့လ်ဖ်ဝဲလ်တွင် -ကွန်ပျူတာကီးဘုတ် ဖြတ်လမ်းနည်းများ ထည့်သွင်းပါရှိသည်။ +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -မိမိပြင်ဆင်တည်းဖြတ်လိုသော အရာဝတ္ထုကိုရွေးချယ်ထားပြီး menu ဘားတန်းဆီသို့ တဖန်ပြန်သွားရမည့်အစား -ကွန်ပျူတာကီးဘုတ်မှ ခလုတ်တစ်ခုကိုနှိပ်ယူလုပ်ဆောင်နိုင်ရန် စီမံထားရှိသည်။ +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -ဖော်ပြခဲ့ပြီးသောလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်ကိရိယာများအတွက် ကီးဘုတ် ဖြတ်လမ်းနည်းများကို -Tools menu ၏ ညာဘက်ခြမ်းတွင် အသီးသီးဖော်ပြပါရှိသည်။ ဥပမာ။ ခလုတ် “O” သည် -စက်ဝိုင်းရှိအမှတ်ငယ်များ ချိန်ညှိရန်အတွက်ကိုယ်စားပြုပြီး ခလုတ် “L” သည် မျဉ်းကြောင်းပေါ်ရှိ အမှတ်ငယ်များကိုချိန်ညှိခြင်းအတွက်ဖြစ်သည်။ -ကီးဘုတ်ဖြတ်လမ်းနည်း ခလုတ်များကိုသိရှိရန် အချိန်ပေးလေ့လာရမည်ဖြစ်သော်လည်း မြေပုံတည်းဖြတ်ရာတွင်အချိန်ကြာလာသည်နှင့်အမျှ +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves အချိန်ကုန်သက်သာမှုကို ရရှိစေမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ အရေးကြီးသောလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်များ၏ ကီးဘုတ် ဖြတ်လမ်းနည်း ခလုတ်များကိုဆေးသားထူစာလုံး (in **bold**) ဖြင့်အောက်တွင်ဖော်ပြထားသည်။ @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Tools menu ၏ ညာဘက်ခြမ်းတွင် အသီးသီး အရွယ်အစားနှင့်နေရာလှည့်ပြောင်းကစားခြင်း ---------------- -ရေးဆွဲပြီးသွားသော မျဉ်း သို့မဟုတ် ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်ကိုမည်သို့လှည့်ပြောင်းကစားကာ နေရာချနိုင်သနည်း ဆိုသည်က -မေးလေ့ရှိသောမေးခွန်းဖြစ်၏။ +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- အရာဝတ္ထုတစ်ခုကို လှည့်ပြောင်းကစားရန်အတွက် ဦးစွာရွေးချယ်သတ်မှတ်ပါ။ -- ကွန်ပျူတာကီးဘုတ်မှ **SHIFT နှင့် CTRL** (SHIFT+CTRL) ခလုတ်များကို တပြိုင်တည်းဖိနှိပ်ထားပါ။ -- ထို့နောက်မိမိလှည့်ပြောင်းကစားလိုသောအရာကိုနှိပ်၍ ကွန်ပျူတာ mouse ကိုလှုပ်ရှားကစားပေးပါ။ +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -အရာဝတ္ထု၏အရွယ်အစား(အကြီး၊အသေး) ချိန်ညှိရန်အတွက် အထက်ပါနည်းအတိုင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရမည်ဖြစ်ပြီး -ALT နှင့် CTRL ခလုတ်နှစ်ခုကိုပြောင်းလဲဖိနှိပ်ပေးထားရန် လိုအပ်သည်။ +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. အထက်ပါညွှန်ကြားချက်များကို JOSM ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲလ်မျက်နှာပြင်၏ အောက်ခြေဘက်တွင် ဘားတန်းတစ်ခုဖြင့်ဖော်ပြပေးနေမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ (အောက်ပုံတွင်ရှုရန်) diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_nl_NL.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_nl_NL.md index e8e8e77c6..6c063b184 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_nl_NL.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_nl_NL.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: Gereedschappen van JOSM +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /nl_NL/josm/josm-tools/ lang: nl_NL category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ Gereedschappen om mee te bewerken in JOSM ================== > Deze handleiding kan worden gedownload als [josm_josm-tools_nl_NL.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_nl_NL.odt) of [josm_josm-tools_nl_NL.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_nl_NL.pdf) -> Bijgewerkt op 14-07-2015 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -In de [gids Starten met JOSM](/nl/josm/start-josm/) behandelden we de basisprincipes voor het tekenen in -JOSM, maar er zijn veel gereedschappen en technieken die niet werden gedemonstreerd. +- TOC +{:toc} -Hier zullen we kijken naar enkele van de beschikbare basisgereedschappen en -technieken -voor het tekenen van kaartobjecten in JOSM, en in de volgende hoofdstukken zullen we -meer in de diepte kijken naar gevorderde gereedschappen voor tekenen. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. Het voorbeeldbestand ophalen ------------------- -- Als u deze handleiding wilt volgen en oefenen met behulp van de gereedschappen van JOSM tools, download - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). -- Start JOSM en open het bestand. het zou er zo uit moeten zien: +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] Gereedschappen voor tekenen ------------- -Als u klikt op het menu "Gereedschappen" boven in JOSM, zult u zien dat daar -vele functies staan die u kunnen helpen bij het tekenen van lijnen en vormen, en -bewerken van de objecten op de kaart. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -JOSM heeft enkele aanvullende gereedschappen om het eenvoudiger te maken om -lijnen en vormen te tekenen. Deze gereedschappen staan in het menu “Gereedschappen” boven -in JOSM. +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -Voor het gebruiken van de functies in dit menu, moet u eerst een -punt, lijn of vorm in het kaartvenster selecteren. Het voorbeeldbestand bevat verschillende -elementen die zijn gelabeld met de namen van de verschillende gereedschappen in het menu. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -- Probeer één van de elementen in het ebstand te selecteren. Ga dan naar het menu Greedschappen - en klik op de functie die is aangegeven vlak naast het object dat u heeft - geselecteerd. -- Klik bijvoorbeeld op de slecht getekende cirkel om die te selecteren. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -- Ga dan naar Gereedschappen-> Knopen uitlijnen in een cirkel. -- De slecht getekende cirkel zal meer rond worden. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -Experimenteer met elk van de gereedschappen met behulp van dit voorbeeldbestand. Een beschrijving van -enkele van de gereedschappen worden hieronder gegeven. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -1. **Weg splitsen:** Dit stelt u in staat een lijn op te delen in twee afzonderlijke lijnen. - Dit is nuttig als u verschillende attributen wilt toevoegen aan verschillende - delen van een weg, zoals een brug. Selecteer, om deze funcite te gebruiken, een - punt in het midden van de lijn die u wilt splitsen, selecteer Weg - splitsen uit het menu Gereedschappen, en uw lijn zou moeten zijn gesplitst in twee delen. +![Way direction][] -2. **Wegen combineren:** Dit doet het tegenovergestelde van Weg splitsen. Voor het combineren van twee - lijnen naar één enkele lijn, moeten zijn één enkel punt delen. Selecteer, om - deze functie te gebruiken, beide lijnen die u wilt combineren. U kunt - meer dan één object selecteren door de SHIFT-toets ingedrukt te houden op uw - toetsenbord en dan te klikken op elke lijn. Selecteer, wanneer u uw beide lijnen heeft geselecteerd, - Wegen combineren uit het menu Gereedschappen. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - Indien u wegen combineert die verschillende richtingen hebben, zou u - deze waarschuwing kunnen krijgen: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - Als de wegen zijn verbonden en in dezelfde richting lopen, kies dan - "Omkeren en combineren." +### Create a Circle -3. **Wegen omkeren:** Dit zal de richting van de lijn wijzigen. Alle lijnen in - OSM hebben een richting, die in JOSM wordt weergegeven door de pijlen op de lijn. - De richting maakt gewoonlijk niet uit, behalve in het geval van éénrichtingswegen en - rivieren die in ene bepaalde richting stromen. In die gevallen zou u de weg mogelijk om moeten - keren, zodat die in de juiste richting gaat. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -4. **Weg vereenvoudigen:** Als uw lijn bestaat uit teveel punten en u zou hem - eenvoudiger willen maken, zal dit enkele punten uit een lijn verwijderen. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -5. **Knopen uitlijnen in een cirkel:** Indien u probeert een - cirkelvormige vorm te maken, teken dan de cirkel zo goed als u kunt en selecteer die dan. - Deze functie zal u helpen uw punten in een cirkel te schikken. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -6. **Cirkel aanmaken:** Als alternatief kunt u dit gereedschap gebruiken, dat - een meer perfecte cirkel zal maken. Teken een lijn die de - diameter van uw cirkel voorstelt, en pas dan dit gereedschap toe. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -7. **Knopen uitlijnen:** Deze functie zal een serie punten uitlijnen - in één rechte lijn. Met lange lijnen is het beter om gedeelten te selecteren - van de lijn die met worden uitgelijnd. Wees voorzichtig want dit heeft de - neiging om de lijn een klein beetje te verschuiven. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -8. **Vorm loodrecht maken:** Deze functie is bijzonder nuttig voor het tekenen - van regelmatige vormen, zoals gebouwen. Nadat u ene gebied heeft getekend, zal deze - functie het opnieuw vormen zodat het rechthoekige hoeken heeft. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -9. **Wegen losmaken:** Dit gereedschap stelt u in staat knopen los te maken die - zijn verbonden. Het is nuttig wanneer twee objecten een knoop delen en zij zouden - dat niet moeten doen. Een veel voorkomende fout is bijvoorbeeld een weg die een knoop deelt - met de hoek van een gebouw. Natuurlijk lopen wegen gewoonlijk niet door gebouwen, - dus is dit een fout, en u kunt de objecten van elkaar - losmaken. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > De lijn en knoop zullen in feite niet afzonderlijk te zien zijn, totdat u ze verplaatst. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* Sneltoetsen voor toetsenbord ------------------ -Wanneer u eenmaal begonnen bent met bewerken zult u zich realiseren hoeveel tijd u kwijt bent -met het klikken op menu's en submenu's. JOSM heeft, om dit te vermijden, sneltoetsen voor het toetsenbord -voor nagenoeg alles. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -Dat betekent dat u in plaats van te klikken op een object en dan door een lang -menuproces te gaan, kunt u eenvoudigweg een object selecteren en een toets op uw toetsenbord indrukken. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -Alle in het eerdere gedeelte genoemde gereedschappen hebben sneltoetsen, die zijn -vermeld aan de rechterzijde van de naam van elk gereedschap in het menu Gereedschappen. Bijvoorbeeld: "O" is de -sneltoets voor het uitlijnen van knopen in ene cirkel. "L" is de sneltoets voor het uitlijnen in een lijn. -Het kan soms even duren om de sneltoetsen te leren, maar u zult merken dat het +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves uiteindelijk een heleboel tijd bespaart. Hier zijn andere sneltoetsen (in **vet**) wat enkele van de meest belangrijke zijn. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Hier zijn andere sneltoetsen (in **vet**) wat enkele van de meest belangrijke zi Op schaal brengen en roteren ---------------- -Een veel gestelde vraag is hoe een lijn of vorm te draaien nadat die is -getekend. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- Selecteer eerst een object om het te kunnen draaien. -- Houd **SHIFT+CTRL** op uw toetsenbord ingedrukt. -- Klik en sleep met de muis om te draaien. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -Volg, om een object op schaal te brengen (het groter of kleiner te maken), hetzelfde -proces, maar houd in plaats daarvan **ALT+CTRL** ingedrukt. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. Deze instructies worden weergegeven op de informatiebalk aan de onderzijde van JOSM: diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_pt.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_pt.md index 60240fac2..fe760716b 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_pt.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_pt.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: Ferramentas JOSM +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /pt/josm/josm-tools/ lang: pt category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ Ferramentas de Edição do JOSM ================== > Este guia pode ser descarregado como [josm_josm-tools_pt.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_pt.odt) ou [josm_josm-tools_pt.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_pt.pdf) -> Revisto em 2015-07-14 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -O [guia de começar a usar o JOSM](/pt/josm/start-josm/) abarca o básico de desenhar no -JOSM, mas existem muitas ferramentas e técnicas que não estão demonstradas. +- TOC +{:toc} -Aqui iremos ver algumas ferramentas básicas e técnicas disponíveis -para desenhar características do mapa no JOSM, e nos capítulos seguintes iremos -ver em maior detalhe ferramentas avançadas de desenho. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. Obter o Ficheiro de Exemplo ------------------- -- Se quiser acompanhar e praticar a utilização das ferramentas do JOSM, descarregue - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). -- Inicie o JOSM e abra o ficheiro. Deve ser parecido com algo como isto: +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] Ferramentas de desenho ------------- -Se clicar no menu "Ferramentas" na parte de cima do JOSM, verá que existem -no menu numerosas funções que podem ajudar a desenhar linhas e formas geométricas -e a editar os objetos no mapa. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -O JOSM tem algumas ferramentas adiconais para tornar mais fácil -desenhar linhas e formas geométricas. Estas ferramentas encontram-se no menu "Ferramentas" na -parte de cima do JOSM. +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -Para aplicar as ferramentas neste menu, é necessário primeiro selecionar -um nó, linha ou forma geométrica na janela do mapa. Um ficheiro de exemplo -contém vários elementos com nomes de diferentes ferramentas no menu. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -- Tente selecionar um dos elementos no ficheiro. Então aceda ao menu Ferramentas - e clique na função que é identificada ao lado do elemento que - selecionou. -- Por exemplo, clique no círculo para o selecionar. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. -- The badly drawn circle will become more circular. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of -some of the tools is provided below. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -1. **Split Way:** This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. - This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different - parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a - point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split - Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. +![Way direction][] -2. **Combine Way:** This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two - lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use - this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can - select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your - keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both - lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - If you are combining roads that have different directions, you - might get this warning: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose - "Reverse and Continue." +### Create a Circle -3. **Reverse Way:** This will change the direction of the line. All lines in - OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. - Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and - rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to - reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -4. **Simplify Way:** If your line has too many points in it and you’d like - to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -5. **Align Nodes in Circle:** If you are trying to make a - circular shape, draw the circle as best you can and then select it. - This function will help arrange your points in a circle. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -6. **Create Circle:** Alternatively, use can use this tool, which - will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the - diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -7. **Align Nodes in Line:** This function will align a series of points - into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections - of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the - tendency to shift the line a little bit. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -8. Orthogonalize Shape: This function is very useful for drawing - regular shapes such as buildings. After you draw an area, this - function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -9. Unglue way: This tool allows you to detach nodes that are - connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should - not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node - with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings - usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one - another. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* Atalhos de Teclado ------------------ -Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time -clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts -for just about everything. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy -menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are -listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the -shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. -It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves a lot of time in the long run. Here are other shortcut keys (in **bold**) which are some of the most important. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Here are other shortcut keys (in **bold**) which are some of the most important. Scale and Rotate ---------------- -A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has -been drawn. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- To rotate an object, first select it. -- Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. -- Click and drag the mouse to rotate. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same -process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. These instructions are displayed on the information bar at the bottom of JOSM: diff --git a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_zh_TW.md b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_zh_TW.md index 301537c3e..e23cf7761 100644 --- a/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_zh_TW.md +++ b/_posts/1900-11-15-josm-tools_zh_TW.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: doc -title: JOSM Tools +title: JOSM Editing Tools permalink: /zh_TW/josm/josm-tools/ lang: zh_TW category: josm @@ -10,138 +10,114 @@ JOSM Editing Tools ================== > This guide may be downloaded as [josm_josm-tools_en.odt](/files/josm_josm-tools_en.odt) or [josm_josm-tools_en.pdf](/files/josm_josm-tools_en.pdf) -> 於 2015-07-14 審閲 +> Reviewed 2017-06-09 -In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in -JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. +- TOC +{:toc} -Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available -for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will -look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. +In the [starting to use JOSM guide](/en/josm/start-josm/) we cover the basics of drawing in JOSM, but there are many tools and techniques which are not demonstrated. + +Here we will look at some of the basic tools and techniques available for drawing map features in JOSM, and in the following chapters we will look in more depth at advanced drawing tools. Get the Sample File ------------------- -- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download - [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). -- Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: +- If you'd like to follow along and practice using JOSM tools, download [tools_menu_sample.osm](/files/tools_menu_sample.osm). Start JOSM and open the file. It should look like this: ![tools_menu_sample.osm][] Drawing tools ------------- -If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there -are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and -editing the objects on the map. +If you click on the "Tools" menu at the top of JOSM, you will see that there are numerous functions which can aid you in drawing lines and shapes, and editing the objects on the map. -JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to -draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the -top of JOSM. +JOSM has some additional tools to make it easier to draw lines and shapes. These tools are found in the “Tools” menu at the top of JOSM. ![Tools menu][] -In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a -point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various -elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. +In order to apply the functions in this menu, you must first select a point, line or shape in the map window. The sample file contains various elements that are labelled with the names of different tools on the menu. + +### Aligning nodes in a circle -- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu - and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have - selected. -- For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. +- Try selecting one of the elements in the file. Then go to the Tools menu and click on the function which is identified next to the feature you have selected. For example, click on the badly drawn circle to select it. ![Align nodes in circle][] -- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. -- The badly drawn circle will become more circular. +- Next, go to Tools->Align Nodes in Circle. The badly drawn circle will become more circular. + +Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of some of the tools is provided below. + +### Split Way + +This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. + + +### Combine Way + +This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. + +![Combine way][] + + +### Reverse and Combine + +If you are combining roads that have different directions, you might get this warning: + +![Reverse and combine][] + +If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose "Reverse and Continue." + + +### Reverse Way -Experiment with each of the tools using this sample file. A description of -some of the tools is provided below. +This will change the direction of the line. All lines in OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. -1. **Split Way:** This allows you to divide a line into two separate lines. - This is useful if you want to add different attributes to different - parts of a road, such as a bridge. To use this function, select a - point in the middle of the line that you want to split, select Split - Way from the Tools menu, and your line should be split in two. +![Way direction][] -2. **Combine Way:** This does the opposite of Split Way. To combine two - lines into a single line, they must share a single point. To use - this function, select both lines that you want to combine. You can - select more than one object by holding the SHIFT key on your - keyboard and clicking on each line. When you have selected both - lines, select Combine Way from the Tools menu. +### Simplify Way - ![Combine way][] +If your line has too many points in it and you’d like to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - If you are combining roads that have different directions, you - might get this warning: +![Simplify way][] - ![Reverse and combine][] - If the roads are connected and go in the same direction, then choose - "Reverse and Continue." +### Create a Circle -3. **Reverse Way:** This will change the direction of the line. All lines in - OSM have a direction, which is shown in JOSM by the arrows on the line. - Direction doesn't usually matter, except in the case of one way roads and - rivers that flow in a certain direction. In these cases you may need to - reverse the way so that it goes in the correct direction. +Use this tool, which will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. - ![Way direction][] +![Create circle][] -4. **Simplify Way:** If your line has too many points in it and you’d like - to make it simpler, this will remove some of the points from a line. - ![Simplify way][] +### Align Nodes in Line -5. **Align Nodes in Circle:** If you are trying to make a - circular shape, draw the circle as best you can and then select it. - This function will help arrange your points in a circle. +This function will align a series of points into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the tendency to shift the line a little bit. -6. **Create Circle:** Alternatively, use can use this tool, which - will create a more perfect circle. Draw a line which represents the - diameter of your circle, and then apply this tool. +![Align nodes in line][] - ![Create circle][] +### Orthogonalize Shape -7. **Align Nodes in Line:** This function will align a series of points - into a straight line. With long lines it is best to select sections - of the line to straighten. Be careful as this does have the - tendency to shift the line a little bit. +This function is very useful for drawing regular shapes such as buildings (**But see also [JOSM building tools](/en/josm/josm-more-plugins/)**). After you draw an area, this function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Align nodes in line][] +![Orthagonalize][] -8. Orthogonalize Shape: This function is very useful for drawing - regular shapes such as buildings. After you draw an area, this - function will reshape it to have square corners. - ![Orthagonalize][] +### Unglue way -9. Unglue way: This tool allows you to detach nodes that are - connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should - not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node - with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings - usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one - another. +This tool allows you to detach nodes that are connected. It is useful when two object share a node when they should not. For example, a common mistake is for a road to share a node with the corner of a building. Of course roads don't run into buildings usually, so this is a mistake, and you can unglue the objects from one another. - ![Unglue way][] +![Unglue way][] - > The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them. +*The line and node will not actually appear separate until you move them.* 快捷鍵 ------------------ -Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time -clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts -for just about everything. +Once you start editing a lot you will realize that you waste a lot of time clicking on menus and submenus. To overcome this, JOSM has keyboard shortcuts for just about everything. -This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy -menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. +This means that instead of clicking an object and then going through a lengthy menu process, you can simply select the object and press a key on your keyboard. -All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are -listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the -shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. -It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves +All of the tools mentioned in the previous section have shortcut keys, which are listed on the Tools menu to the right of each tool name. For example, "O" is the +shortcut key to align nodes in a circle. "L" is the shortcut to align them in a line. It can take some time to learn the shortcut keys, but you will find that it saves a lot of time in the long run. Here are other shortcut keys (in **bold**) which are some of the most important. @@ -157,17 +133,13 @@ Here are other shortcut keys (in **bold**) which are some of the most important. 物件比例及旋轉 ---------------- -A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has -been drawn. +A common question is how to rotate a line or shape after it has been drawn. -- To rotate an object, first select it. -- Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. -- Click and drag the mouse to rotate. +To rotate an object, first select it. Hold **SHIFT+CTRL** on your keyboard. Click and drag the mouse to rotate. ![Rotate demo][] -To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same -process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. +To scale an object (make it bigger or smaller), follow the same process, but hold ALT+CTRL instead. These instructions are displayed on the information bar at the bottom of JOSM: