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Vagrant

Vagrant is a tool to "create and configure lightweight, reproducible, and portable development environments." Vagrant itself is a virtual instance creation and startup tool on top of Oracle VirtualBox which takes care of the virtualisation.

Install Vagrant (Ubuntu)

Install the Open Source Edition of VirtualBox:

wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.1.18/virtualbox-4.1_4.1.18-78361~Ubuntu~natty_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-4.1_4.1.18-78361~Ubuntu~natty_amd64.deb

If you are using a different version of Ubuntu, substitute the appropriate deb from the VirtualBox download page.

Then install Vagrant itself:

wget http://files.vagrantup.com/packages/eb590aa3d936ac71cbf9c64cf207f148ddfc000a/vagrant_1.0.3_x86_64.deb
sudo dpkg -i vagrant_1.0.3_x86_64.deb

Creating the VM

Start the VM defined in VagrantFile:

vagrant up

And ssh onto it:

vagrant ssh

Vagrant Commmands

  • vagrant up: creates your vagrant for the first time, you only need to do this once
  • vagrant ssh: logs you on to your vagrant where you can run your files using MySQL, Elasticsearch, etc
  • exit: logs you off your vagrant
  • vagrant destroy: once you have run your programmes and copied all the files created onto your directory you can destroy your vagrant and free up space.

Less Useful Vagrant Commands

  • vagrant box list: Get a list of the box images already imported into vagrant. These are the boxes that have been downloaded from the Internet or otherwise created in your local Vagrant. You won't need the Internet to up any of these.
  • vagrant box remove <box-name>: Delete the named vagrant box from your local vagrant. After deleting a box, the next time vagrant up is run, it will be downloaded and imported again.
  • vagrant suspend: Disable the virtual instance. The allocated disc space for the instance is retained but the instance will not be available. The running state at suspend time is saved for resumption.
  • vagrant resume: Wake up a previously suspended virtual instance.
  • vagrant halt: Turn off the virtual instance. Calling vagrant up after this is the equivalent of a reboot.

Vagrant SSH X Forwarding

X applications on VMs can be displayed on the host machine by specifying a Vagrant SSH connection with X11 forwarding in the Vagrantfile:

config.ssh.forward_x11 = true

On the host machine, add an xhost for the Vagrant VM:

xhost +10.0.0.2

Then X applications started from the VM should display on the host machine.

Vagrant Troubleshooting

To see more verbose output on any vagrant command, add a VAGRANT_LOG environment variable setting, e.g.:

VAGRANT_LOG=INFO /opt/vagrant/bin/vagrant up

Further help troubleshooting can be obtained by editing your Vagrantfile and enabling the config.vm.boot_mode = :gui setting. This will pop up a VirtualBox GUI window on boot.