Upgrade vulnerable Prover dependencies

[eloi010]

The Prover is currently using the gnark library version 0.12 as shown below:

linea-monorepo/prover/go.mod

Line 8 in 78d79d0

github.com/consensys/gnark v0.12.1-0.20250501002417-facdd9882b80

The mentioned version is affected by two publicly-known vulnerabilities. See: GHSA-9fvj-xqr2-xwg8 and GHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj. Even though they may not be currently affecting the Prover, it is recommended to upgrade to the latest version available. At the time of writing this is 0.14: https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/releases/tag/v0.14.0

For more information:

• https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-57801
• https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-58157

Additionally, consider upgrading to the latest version of Go available at the time of writing 1.24.9.

linea-monorepo/prover/go.mod

Line 3 in 78d79d0

go 1.24.6