Fake news detection (1).ipynb

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   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import classification_report\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "7be172a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data_fake = pd.read_csv(r\"C:\\Users\\DELL\\Downloads\\Fake.csv\")\n",
    "data_true = pd.read_csv(r\"C:\\Users\\DELL\\Downloads\\True.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "id": "84113cf8",
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       "                                               title  \\\n",
       "0   Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...   \n",
       "1   Drunk Bragging Trump Staffer Started Russian ...   \n",
       "2   Sheriff David Clarke Becomes An Internet Joke...   \n",
       "3   Trump Is So Obsessed He Even Has Obama’s Name...   \n",
       "4   Pope Francis Just Called Out Donald Trump Dur...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                text subject  \\\n",
       "0  Donald Trump just couldn t wish all Americans ...    News   \n",
       "1  House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nu...    News   \n",
       "2  On Friday, it was revealed that former Milwauk...    News   \n",
       "3  On Christmas day, Donald Trump announced that ...    News   \n",
       "4  Pope Francis used his annual Christmas Day mes...    News   \n",
       "\n",
       "                date  \n",
       "0  December 31, 2017  \n",
       "1  December 31, 2017  \n",
       "2  December 30, 2017  \n",
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       "4  December 25, 2017  "
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     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "source": [
    "data_fake.head()"
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       "                                               title  \\\n",
       "0  As U.S. budget fight looms, Republicans flip t...   \n",
       "1  U.S. military to accept transgender recruits o...   \n",
       "2  Senior U.S. Republican senator: 'Let Mr. Muell...   \n",
       "3  FBI Russia probe helped by Australian diplomat...   \n",
       "4  Trump wants Postal Service to charge 'much mor...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                text       subject  \\\n",
       "0  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The head of a conservat...  politicsNews   \n",
       "1  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Transgender people will...  politicsNews   \n",
       "2  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The special counsel inv...  politicsNews   \n",
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   "id": "a4e502bb",
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    "data_fake[\"class\"] = 0\n",
    "data_true[\"class\"] = 1"
   ]
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   "id": "d1147215",
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    "data_fake.shape, data_true.shape"
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   "id": "18ec330a",
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   "source": [
    "data_fake_manual_testing = data_fake.tail(10)\n",
    "for i in range(23480,23470,-1):\n",
    "    data_fake.drop([i], axis = 0, inplace = True)\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "data_true_manual_testing = data_true.tail(10)\n",
    "for i in range(21416,21406,-1):\n",
    "    data_fake.drop([i], axis = 0, inplace = True)    "
   ]
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   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "e5064321",
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     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\DELL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_29096\\277247672.py:1: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "  data_fake_manual_testing['class'] = 0\n",
      "C:\\Users\\DELL\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_29096\\277247672.py:2: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "  data_true_manual_testing['class'] = 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_fake_manual_testing['class'] = 0\n",
    "data_true_manual_testing['class'] = 1"
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       "                                                   title  \\\n",
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       "23476  McPain: John McCain Furious That Iran Treated ...   \n",
       "23477  JUSTICE? Yahoo Settles E-mail Privacy Class-ac...   \n",
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       "23479  How to Blow $700 Million: Al Jazeera America F...   \n",
       "23480  10 U.S. Navy Sailors Held by Iranian Military ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    text      subject  \\\n",
       "23471  21st Century Wire says This week, the historic...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23472   By Dady Chery and Gilbert MercierAll writers ...  Middle-east   \n",
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       "23477  21st Century Wire says It s a familiar theme. ...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23478  Patrick Henningsen  21st Century WireRemember ...  Middle-east   \n",
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       "23480  21st Century Wire says As 21WIRE predicted in ...  Middle-east   \n",
       "\n",
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     "execution_count": 11,
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       "      <td>LexisNexis withdrew two products from Chinese ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>LONDON (Reuters) - LexisNexis, a provider of l...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21414</th>\n",
       "      <td>Minsk cultural hub becomes haven from authorities</td>\n",
       "      <td>MINSK (Reuters) - In the shadow of disused Sov...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21415</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vatican upbeat on possibility of Pope Francis ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>MOSCOW (Reuters) - Vatican Secretary of State ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21416</th>\n",
       "      <td>Indonesia to buy $1.14 billion worth of Russia...</td>\n",
       "      <td>JAKARTA (Reuters) - Indonesia will buy 11 Sukh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                   title  \\\n",
       "21407  Mata Pires, owner of embattled Brazil builder ...   \n",
       "21408  U.S., North Korea clash at U.N. forum over nuc...   \n",
       "21409  U.S., North Korea clash at U.N. arms forum on ...   \n",
       "21410  Headless torso could belong to submarine journ...   \n",
       "21411  North Korea shipments to Syria chemical arms a...   \n",
       "21412  'Fully committed' NATO backs new U.S. approach...   \n",
       "21413  LexisNexis withdrew two products from Chinese ...   \n",
       "21414  Minsk cultural hub becomes haven from authorities   \n",
       "21415  Vatican upbeat on possibility of Pope Francis ...   \n",
       "21416  Indonesia to buy $1.14 billion worth of Russia...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    text    subject  \\\n",
       "21407  SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Cesar Mata Pires, the ow...  worldnews   \n",
       "21408  GENEVA (Reuters) - North Korea and the United ...  worldnews   \n",
       "21409  GENEVA (Reuters) - North Korea and the United ...  worldnews   \n",
       "21410  COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - Danish police said on T...  worldnews   \n",
       "21411  UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - Two North Korean sh...  worldnews   \n",
       "21412  BRUSSELS (Reuters) - NATO allies on Tuesday we...  worldnews   \n",
       "21413  LONDON (Reuters) - LexisNexis, a provider of l...  worldnews   \n",
       "21414  MINSK (Reuters) - In the shadow of disused Sov...  worldnews   \n",
       "21415  MOSCOW (Reuters) - Vatican Secretary of State ...  worldnews   \n",
       "21416  JAKARTA (Reuters) - Indonesia will buy 11 Sukh...  worldnews   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   date  class  \n",
       "21407  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21408  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21409  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21410  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21411  August 21, 2017       1  \n",
       "21412  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21413  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21414  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21415  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21416  August 22, 2017       1  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_true_manual_testing.head(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "593cabb4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <td>Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Racist Alabama Cops Brutalize Black Boy While...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>December 25, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Fresh Off The Golf Course, Trump Lashes Out A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Donald Trump spent a good portion of his day a...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>December 23, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Former CIA Director Slams Trump Over UN Bully...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Many people have raised the alarm regarding th...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>December 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>WATCH: Brand-New Pro-Trump Ad Features So Muc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just when you might have thought we d get a br...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 21, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                               title  \\\n",
       "0   Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...   \n",
       "1   Drunk Bragging Trump Staffer Started Russian ...   \n",
       "2   Sheriff David Clarke Becomes An Internet Joke...   \n",
       "3   Trump Is So Obsessed He Even Has Obama’s Name...   \n",
       "4   Pope Francis Just Called Out Donald Trump Dur...   \n",
       "5   Racist Alabama Cops Brutalize Black Boy While...   \n",
       "6   Fresh Off The Golf Course, Trump Lashes Out A...   \n",
       "7   Trump Said Some INSANELY Racist Stuff Inside ...   \n",
       "8   Former CIA Director Slams Trump Over UN Bully...   \n",
       "9   WATCH: Brand-New Pro-Trump Ad Features So Muc...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                text subject  \\\n",
       "0  Donald Trump just couldn t wish all Americans ...    News   \n",
       "1  House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nu...    News   \n",
       "2  On Friday, it was revealed that former Milwauk...    News   \n",
       "3  On Christmas day, Donald Trump announced that ...    News   \n",
       "4  Pope Francis used his annual Christmas Day mes...    News   \n",
       "5  The number of cases of cops brutalizing and ki...    News   \n",
       "6  Donald Trump spent a good portion of his day a...    News   \n",
       "7  In the wake of yet another court decision that...    News   \n",
       "8  Many people have raised the alarm regarding th...    News   \n",
       "9  Just when you might have thought we d get a br...    News   \n",
       "\n",
       "                date  class  \n",
       "0  December 31, 2017      0  \n",
       "1  December 31, 2017      0  \n",
       "2  December 30, 2017      0  \n",
       "3  December 29, 2017      0  \n",
       "4  December 25, 2017      0  \n",
       "5  December 25, 2017      0  \n",
       "6  December 23, 2017      0  \n",
       "7  December 23, 2017      0  \n",
       "8  December 22, 2017      0  \n",
       "9  December 21, 2017      0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_merge = pd.concat([data_fake, data_true], axis = 0)\n",
    "data_merge.head(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "9a9a4f67",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['title', 'text', 'subject', 'date', 'class'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_merge.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "a26781b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = data_merge.drop(['title', 'subject', 'date'], axis = 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "f0fad9c6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "text     0\n",
       "class    0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "7f3ee809",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = data.sample(frac = 1)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "04752f54",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "17877  SEOUL (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump ...      1\n",
       "16870  SULAIMANIA/BAGHDAD (Reuters) - A senior Irania...      1\n",
       "\n",
       "[44878 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "820be205",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data.reset_index(inplace = True)\n",
    "data.drop(['index'], axis = 1, inplace = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "97d40fa4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['text', 'class'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.columns\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "79124ad2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "                                                text  class\n",
       "0  Bernie Sanders just received a major endorseme...      0\n",
       "1  DUBAI (Reuters) - Iran s Supreme Court has uph...      1\n",
       "2  This 11 year old girl gives me such great hope...      0\n",
       "3  What happens to Europe if the refugee surge of...      0\n",
       "4  MIAMI (Reuters) - President Barack Obama warne...      1"
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     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "source": [
    "data.head()"
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  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "29dbc95d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def wordopt(text):\n",
    "    text = text.lower()\n",
    "    text = re.sub('\\[.*?\\]', '', text)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    text = re.sub(\"\\\\W\", \" \", text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('https?://\\S+|www\\.\\S+', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('<.*?>+', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('[%s]'% re.escape(string.punctuation),'',text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('\\n', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('\\w*\\d\\w*', '',text)\n",
    "    return text\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "6562d16a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data['text'] = data['text'].apply(wordopt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "7428fb3f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = data['text']\n",
    "y = data['class']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "18dfe91e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x,y, test_size = 0.25)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "153cacfa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer\n",
    "\n",
    "vectorization = TfidfVectorizer()\n",
    "xv_train = vectorization.fit_transform(x_train)\n",
    "xv_test = vectorization.transform(x_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "c74baf77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-1 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▸\";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▾\";}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: \"\";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-1\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">LogisticRegression</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre></div></div></div></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "LogisticRegression()"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
    "\n",
    "LR = LogisticRegression()\n",
    "LR.fit(xv_train, y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "cf9e3359",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pred_lr = LR.predict(xv_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "bede3a5a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.9850267379679144"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "LR.score(xv_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "ea6cd898",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "              precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
      "\n",
      "           0       0.99      0.98      0.99      5873\n",
      "           1       0.98      0.99      0.98      5347\n",
      "\n",
      "    accuracy                           0.99     11220\n",
      "   macro avg       0.98      0.99      0.98     11220\n",
      "weighted avg       0.99      0.99      0.99     11220\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " print(classification_report(y_test, pred_lr))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "e7543de1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-2 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▸\";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▾\";}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: \"\";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-serial::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-2\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>DecisionTreeClassifier()</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">DecisionTreeClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>DecisionTreeClassifier()</pre></div></div></div></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "DecisionTreeClassifier()"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "DT =  DecisionTreeClassifier()\n",
    "DT.fit(xv_train, y_train)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "4bc9dfa8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pred_dt = DT.predict(xv_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "48efe086",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.9958110516934047"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "DT.score(xv_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "64a0f7b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "              precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
      "\n",
      "           0       0.99      0.98      0.99      5873\n",
      "           1       0.98      0.99      0.98      5347\n",
      "\n",
      "    accuracy                           0.99     11220\n",
      "   macro avg       0.98      0.99      0.98     11220\n",
      "weighted avg       0.99      0.99      0.99     11220\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " print(classification_report(y_test, pred_lr))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "38e75c84",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-3 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-3 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▸\";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▾\";}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: \"\";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-serial::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-3\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>GradientBoostingClassifier(random_state=0)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">GradientBoostingClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>GradientBoostingClassifier(random_state=0)</pre></div></div></div></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "GradientBoostingClassifier(random_state=0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "GB = GradientBoostingClassifier(random_state = 0 )\n",
    "GB.fit(xv_train, y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "9d16c59d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "predict_gb = GB.predict(xv_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "2a21ba94",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.9950089126559715"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "GB.score(xv_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "c0192d5c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-4 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-4 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-4 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-4 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▸\";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-4 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-4 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-4 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▾\";}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-4 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: \"\";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-serial::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-4 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-4\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>RandomForestClassifier(random_state=0)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-4\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-4\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">RandomForestClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>RandomForestClassifier(random_state=0)</pre></div></div></div></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "RandomForestClassifier(random_state=0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "RF = RandomForestClassifier(random_state = 0)\n",
    "RF.fit(xv_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "86c6ca79",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pred_rf = RF.predict(xv_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "feda63c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "RF.score(xv_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "20038dab",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "              precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
      "\n",
      "           0       1.00      1.00      1.00      5873\n",
      "           1       1.00      1.00      1.00      5347\n",
      "\n",
      "    accuracy                           1.00     11220\n",
      "   macro avg       1.00      1.00      1.00     11220\n",
      "weighted avg       1.00      1.00      1.00     11220\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(classification_report(y_test, pred_rf))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "id": "df008740",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def output_label(n):\n",
    "   if n == 0:\n",
    "       return \"Fake News\"\n",
    "   elif n == 1:\n",
    "        return \"Not a Fake News\"\n",
    "\n",
    "def manual_testing(news):\n",
    "    testing_news = {\"text\":[news]}\n",
    "    new_def_test = pd.DataFrame(testing_news)\n",
    "    new_def_test[\"text\"] = new_def_test[\"text\"].apply(wordopt)\n",
    "    new_x_test = new_def_test[\"text\"]\n",
    "    new_xv_test = vectorization.transform(new_x_test)\n",
    "    pred_LR = LR.predict(new_xv_test)\n",
    "    pred_DT = DT.predict(new_xv_test)\n",
    "    pred_GB = GB.predict(new_xv_test)\n",
    "    pred_RF = RF.predict(new_xv_test)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return print(\"\\n\\nLR Prediction: {} \\nDT Prediction: {} \\nGBC Prediction: {} \\nRFC Predction: {}\".format(output_label(pred_LR[0]),\n",
    "                                                                                                             output_label(pred_GB[0]),\n",
    "                                                                                                             output_label(pred_DT[0]),\n",
    "                                                                                                             output_label(pred_RF[0])))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "id": "03c25525",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - A bill to make California a sanctuary state, by preventing police from inquiring about immigration status and curtailing law enforcement cooperation with immigration officers, was signed into law by the governor on Thursday. The signing of the bill by Governor Jerry Brown, a Democrat, enacts on a state-wide level protections for illegal immigrants that exist in several cities, including Chicago and New York. Illinois approved a similar measure earlier this year. The enhanced protections for illegal immigrants by California, the nationâ€™s most populous state, sets the stage for a political battle with President Donald Trump, who has made a crackdown on illegal immigration one of his main priorities.  Senate Bill 54, which California lawmakers approved last month, bars local governments from forcing undocumented immigrants to spend extra time in jail so that immigration agents can pick them up for deportation. It also prohibits police from asking about the immigration status of people during routine interactions. â€œThese are uncertain times for undocumented Californians and their families, and this bill strikes a balance that will protect public safety, while bringing a measure of comfort to those families who are now living in fear every day,â€ Brown said in a statement. The law will take effect in January. California leads the nation in its population of illegal immigrants, with more than 2.3 million people lacking legal status, according to Pew Research Center. The U.S. Department of Justice immediately criticized Brownâ€™s action. â€œThe state of California has now codified a commitment to returning criminal aliens back onto our streets, which undermines public safety, national security and law enforcement,â€ Department of Justice spokesman Devin Oâ€™Malley said in a statement. Attorney General Jeff Sessions this year sought to cut off sanctuary cities from certain federal grants, but judges have blocked that effort. The law will not affect major aspects of U.S. immigration enforcement, Brown noted in his statement. It does not prohibit sheriffs from allowing federal immigration authorities into their jails and does not freeze deportation proceedings for prison inmates, Brown said. \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "LR Prediction: Not a Fake News \n",
      "DT Prediction: Not a Fake News \n",
      "GBC Prediction: Not a Fake News \n",
      "RFC Predction: Not a Fake News\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "news = str(input())\n",
    "manual_testing(news)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "de1b456d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a16a6378",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5d2587f5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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